Mineral Development Policy May 2017 · “Mineral” means any substance occurring naturally in or...

Ministry of Economic AffairsThimphu : Bhutan

Website: www.moea.gov.bt

Mineral Development PolicyMay 2017

Royal Government of Bhutan

Mineral Development Policy, 2017 | iii

Mineral Development Policy, 2017 | v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Definitions ............................................................................................ ix

1. Rationale ........................................................................................ 1

2. Institutional Arrangements ......................................................... 22.1. The Ministry ............................................................................ 22.2. The MRA ................................................................................ 2

3. Leasing and Mineral Rights ......................................................... 33.1. ClassificationofMinerals ....................................................... 33.2. GrantingofProspectingandExplorationPermit andMiningLease .................................................................... 33.3. StandardsofProspectingandExplorationpermits ................. 53.4. StandardsofMiningLease ..................................................... 63.5. StandardsofSurfaceCollection .............................................. 63.6. OptimizationofMinerals ........................................................ 73.7. ValueAddition ........................................................................ 73.8. BroadBasedOwnership.......................................................... 73.9. TransparencyandInformationSharing ................................... 83.10.ProfessionalCapacity ............................................................ 83.11.OccupationalHealthandSafety ............................................ 8

4. Environmental Stewardship ........................................................ 84.1. EnvironmentalProtectionandRegulatoryRegime ................ 94.2. EnvironmentalStudies,Assessments,Management andMitigationPlans ............................................................... 94.3. EnvironmentalPermitsandApprovals ................................. 104.4.MineClosureandReclamation ............................................. 104.5.MaintenanceofRoads ........................................................... 11

5. Social Risk Management and Mitigation ................................. 115.1. SocialParticipationandRiskManagement .......................... 115.2. SocialRiskStudies,Assessment,Management andMitigationPlans ............................................................. 125.3.MineClosureandPostMiningAdaption ............................. 12

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6. Socio-economic Benefits and Benefit Sharing .......................... 126.1. NationalLevelBenefits ......................................................... 136.2. LocalLevelBenefits ............................................................. 13

7. Amendments ................................................................................ 14

8. Interpretation of the Policy ........................................................ 14

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ACRONYMS

AETR AverageEffectiveTaxRate

CDA CommunityDevelopmentAgreement

CDF CommunityDevelopmentFund

DGM DepartmentofGeologyandMines

DRC DepartmentofRevenueandCustoms

EMMP EnvironmentManagementandMitigationPlan

ESRMMP EnvironmentandSocialRiskManagementandMitigationPlan

FDI ForeignDirectInvestment

MCRP MineClosureandReclamationPlan

MMMA MinesandMineralsManagementAct,1995

MMMR MinesandMineralsManagementRegulations,2002

MoLHR MinistryofLabourandHumanResources

MP MinePlan

MRA MiningRegulatoryAuthority

MRF MineReclamationFund

NSB NationalStatisticBureau

RGoB RoyalGovernmentofBhutan

SRMMP SocialRiskManagementandMitigationPlan

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DEFINITIONS

1. “Average Effective Tax Rate” or “AETR” is the GovernmentRevenues received from an investment divided by theNetCashFlow over the life of investment. TheAETRmay be calculatedundiscounted or on a Net Present Value basis with governmentrevenues and cashflowdiscounted at the government’s discountrate.

2. “Captive mine”meansamineleasedtotheowner/promoterofaprocessingindustryforthesolepurposeofsupplyingrawmaterialtothatindustry.

3. “Community Development Agreement” or “CDA” means anagreementsignedbydulyappointedrepresentativesoftheaffectedcommunity, theMRA and themining operator to formalize anyunderstandingsregardingbenefitsfortheaffectedcommunities.

4. “Community Development Fund” or “CDF” means a fundcontributedbyminingleaseholderstofinancetheimplementationoftheactivitiesagreedintheCommunityDevelopmentAgreementtosupportaffectedcommunitydevelopment.

5. “Intergenerational equity”intermsofminerals,beingexhaustibleinnature,meanstoprescribevariousmeasurestoinvestthemineralresourcescautiouslyandinproductivecapacitybequeathingfuturegenerationwithdirectandindirectbenefits.

6. “Leaseholder”meanstheminingleaseholder.

7. “Mine”means an opening or excavation in the ground for thepurposeofextractingore,coal,preciousstones,etc.,encapsulatingquarry, which shall literally mean extraction of constructionmaterials.

8. “Mineral”means any substanceoccurringnaturally inoron theearthandhavingformedbyorsubjecttoageologicalprocessandwhichcanbeobtainedfromtheearthbydigging,drilling,dredging,quarryingorotherminingoperations.

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9. “Mineral Development” means any activity related to theexplorationfororwinningandworkingofmineralsandconstructionmaterials,includingtippingofspoilandancillaryoperationssuchastheuseofprocessingplant.

10. “Mineral Fiscal Regime” means all the fiscal instruments thatapplytotheminingsector.

11. “Mining sector” includes theminingandprocessingofmineralsandthequarryingofconstructionmaterials.

12. “Ministry”meanstheMinistryofEconomicAffairs

13. “Progressive fiscal instrument”meansarateofreturntaxoranexcessprofitstaxoraroyaltywithavariablerate.

14. “Reclamation”means removal of any unwanted structures andequipmentsusedduringtheoperationofthemineandstabilizationof dumpsor impoundments and restorationof the surface of theleaseareatonaturaloreconomicallyusablestateinlinewiththefinalMCRP.

15. “The Policy”meanstheMineralDevelopmentPolicy.

16. “Value addition” means products of mineral beneficiation andprocessing covering the whole range of processes from basicore dressing, such as crushing and screening, through to themanufacturing of semi-final/final consumer goods or chemicallyalteredproducts.

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1. Rationale

TheobjectiveofthepolicyistomaximizewealthcreationintheBhutaneseeconomywhichalsoentailsfullemployment.ThePolicyshallcontributetothepromotion,developmentandgrowthpotentialofthebusinessesaswellasensuresustainabilityandwelfareforthepeople.Sincemineralsform the basis for industrialization and economic diversification,and also are necessary for the development of infrastructure and newindustrialproducts,theminingsectorhasbeencategorizedasoneofthefivejewelsofthecountry’seconomy.Profitableminingbusinessescangenerateneweconomicgrowthandprovidepositivelocal,regionalandnationalbenefits.

Geologicalmappingandmineralexplorationisrelativelynewandrecentinthecountry.Asaresult,thereispotentialtodiscovereconomicmineraldepositsandmakethecountryanattractiveplaceformineralindustry.

For the industry to grow and become important there has to be atargetedlong-termfocusonknowledge,skillsandexpertise,innovation,and technology uptake. The Policy envisages development of anenvironmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsiblemineralindustrythatcontributestomutuallybeneficialco-existencewithlocalcommunitiesandotherindustriesinpursuitoftheoveralldevelopmentphilosophyofthecountry,theGNH.ThePolicywillbethebasisforresponsibleandgrowthorientedmineralindustry.

Vision

“Aprofitable,sustainable,scientific,environmentallyfriendly,sociallyresponsiblemineralindustrywithstrongvaluecreationandgrowth”

Mission

Tobeamong themostenvironment friendlymineral industry throughscientificmineraldevelopmentandinconsonancewithnationalsocialandeconomicpolicieswhileseekinginnovativeandlong-termtechnologicalsolutionsforaforwardlookingindustry.

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Objectives

i. Aprofitablemineralindustrywithstrongvalue-creationandgrowth.ii. An environmentally friendly and socially responsible mineral

industry.iii. Promote intergenerational equity through scaling up the global

valuechain.iv. Enhancemappingofmineraldeposits,accesstomineralinformation

andbetterresourceplanning.v. Promoteinstitutionaldevelopmentofmineralagencies.vi. Promotebroadbasedownershipofmineralresources.vii. Ensuretransparencyandaccountabilityinadministrativeprocedures

atalllevels.viii. Ensureavailabilityofconstructionmaterialsinthecountry.

2. Institutional Arrangements

Thereshallbebylaw,cleardelineationofpolicyandregulatoryfunctionsto enable independence and autonomy of functions and avoidance ofconflictofinterestbetweenpromotionalandregulatoryroles.TheMRAshallbeestablishedasanindependentagencytoregulatethemines.

2.1. The Ministry2.1.1 TheMinistryshallberesponsible:

(1) for all policy and promotional functions related tomining;

(2) to issue and administer permits for prospecting andexploration;

(3) toassessanddecideontheleaseofmines;and(4) to propose and periodically revise, the royalty and

mineral rent and establish the applicable fees andcharges.

2.2. The MRA2.2.1.TheMRAshallberesponsible:

(1) toleaseandregulateallminingandrelatedactivities;(2) to levyandcollect royalty,mineral rent, surface rent,

feesandapplicablecharges;


(3) foroversightandmanagementofMRFandinensuringminereclamation;and

(4) toissueandadministerpermitsforsurfacecollectionofminerals,sandandstones.

3. Leasing and Mineral Rights

3.1. Classification of Minerals: For the purpose of granting of mineral rights, minerals shall be

classifiedasfollows:3.1.1.StrategicMinerals:Strategicmineralsshallbethoseminerals

that have wider implications on the economy in terms ofhavinganyoneofthefollowingcharacteristics:(1) scarceandessentialfordomesticindustries;or(2) rareandhighvalueminerals,andthosemineralswith

securityimplication.

TheMinistry shall review and update the list of strategicmineralsperiodicallybasedonindustriesthatexistaswellasthepotentialtodevelopothermanufacturingcapabilitiesanddefinemineralsrequiredfortheseindustries.

3.1.2.Industrial Minerals: Industrial minerals shall be thoseminerals used as raw materials in the mineral processingindustries.

3.1.3.ConstructionMaterials: Constructionmaterials shallmeansand,stones,gravelandlow-grademineralsusedforbuildingandconstructionpurposes.

3.2. Granting of Prospecting and Exploration Permit and Mining Lease3.2.1.AnyBhutanesenationalfulfillingtherequiredcriteriashall

beeligibletoobtainprospectingandexplorationpermitandmininglease.Therequiredtechnicalandfinancialeligibilitycriteriashallbesetinaccordancewiththesizeandtypeofmineraldepositsandmines,andtheactivity.


3.2.2.The grant of prospecting and exploration permits shall begovernedbyestablishingadequateprovisionsinthelaw.

3.2.3.The lease of mines to FDI companies shall be subject tothefulfillmentoftherequirementsundertheFDIpolicy,itsregulationsandotherrelevantActsandregulationsandmustbeforamineralprocessingindustry.

3.2.4.Notwithstanding section 3.1.2 on Industrial Mineral ofthisPolicy,allocationofall strategicminerals shallbe theprerogativeoftheRGoB.

3.2.5.AllminingrightsofmineraldepositsprovenbyDGMshallbeallocatedbasedonallocationframeworkdevelopedbytheMinistry.

3.2.6.Priority allocation of mines shall be as captive to themanufacturingindustries.Thecaptiveminesmustsolelybeusedforthatindustryuntilitappearsotherwisebyqualityofthemineral.

3.2.7.Theleaseandpermitsformineraldevelopmentshallbeofthefollowingcategory:(1) Prospecting Permit: The permit provides right to

physically search for the proposed minerals, fossils,precious metals or mineral specimens with use ofhandheldtoolsonly.

(2) ExplorationPermit:Thepermitprovidesrighttoexplorefortheproposedmineralswithinthepermittedareatodetermine the location, extent and socio-economicviabilityofthemineraldepositforexploitation.

(3) MiningLease:Theleaseprovidesright toextractandprocess the intended minerals and or constructionmaterialsfromwithintheleasedarea.

(4) CollectionPermit:Thepermitprovidesrightforsurfacecollectionofproposedsand,stonesormineralsfromthepermittedarea.


3.3. Standards of Prospecting and Exploration permits 3.3.1.A prospecting permit holder shall have the priority right

to apply for exploration permit of the permissiblemineraldiscoveredwithintheprospectingarea.However,thisrightshallbeexercisedwithinayearfromthedateofcompletionof prospecting and subject to submission of prospectingreporttothedepartment.

3.3.2.An exploration permit holder shall have the priority rightto apply for mining of the permissible mineral explored.However, this right shall be exercised within five yearsfrom the date of completion of exploration and subject tosubmissionofexplorationreporttothedepartmentandtheirintentiontotakeitfurther.

3.3.3.Theexplorationpermitholdershallsubmitminimumannualexpenditureincurredinexplorationactivities.

3.3.4.Toavoidspeculationandlandbanking,permitsobtainedforprospecting and exploration shall be used for the purposeintended,ifnotthesameshallbeforfeited.

3.3.5.Accidental discovery of non-strategic minerals beside theintendedmineralsmaybepermittedforfurtherexplorationsubjecttoapprovaloftheMinistry.

3.3.6.AccidentaldiscoveryofstrategicmineralsshallbereportedtotheMinistry.Undersuchcases,appropriatecompensationschemesoramechanismshallbedevisedforcollaborativedevelopmentofthedeposits.

3.3.7.Accidental discovery of fossil specimens and gemstonesshallbereportedtotheMinistry.Appropriatecompensationshallbedevisedtorewardthefinding.


3.4. Standards of Mining Lease3.4.1.All clearances obtained, except for the environmental

clearance,shallbeforthelifeofthemine.

3.4.2.Theleasetenureshallbeissuedfortheexpectedeconomiclifeofthemineuptoamaximumofthirtyyears.

3.4.3.Lease renewals shall be based on past performance andcompliance with the requirements of the mining law andbylaws.

3.4.4.Aleasecanonlybe transferredorsold tootherpartywithpriorapprovalofthecompetentauthorityandafterpaymentofapplicablefees.

3.4.5.Subject tomeeting the terms and conditions for the leaserenewal,theleasemayberenewedwiththenewleasetenuredeterminedbytheexpectedeconomiclifeofthemineuptoamaximumofthirtyyears.

3.4.6.Aminingareamaybeextendedifadditionalfeasiblemineralreservesareidentifiedwhichiscontiguoustotheapprovedboundary.

3.4.7.The lease executed shall apply to mining of the statedmineralsonly.However,ifthereisoccurrenceofsomeothermineralsofvalue,theprincipleofoptimizationofmineralsshallbefollowed.Further,suchoccurrencesshallbenotifiedtoMinistryforapprovaloftheminingrightandimpositionofroyalty.

3.4.8.Noncomplianceshallbesubjecttoprogressivepenalties,andforfeitureshallbetheultimateresort.

3.5. Standards of Surface Collection3.5.1.Surfacecollectionshallbeconfinedtobrokenbouldersand

notincludeextractionofinsiturocks.


3.5.2.ThepermitforsurfacecollectionshallbesubjecttofeasibilityandForestryandEnvironmentalclearances.

3.6. Optimization of Minerals 3.6.1.TheMRAmayexploreforexportoflowgrademineralsin

primaryform,includingmineralrejects,throughcanalizationsoastomaximizethebenefit.

3.6.2.TheMRAshallpromoteoptimizationthroughimprovementinminingmethods, beneficiation, blending and utilizationof low grade ore and rejects and recovery of associatedminerals.

3.7. Value Addition3.7.1.A resource-based industrialization shall be encouraged for

allviableandpotentialminerals.

3.7.2.Notwithstanding section 3.7.1, the export of minerals inprimaryformshallbediscouraged.However,thosemineralswhichcannotbeusedasa rawmaterial foran industryorsupplytootherindustriesinthecountryasadditivemaybepermittedforexport.

3.7.3.The RGoB shall facilitate and encourage development ofmineralvaluechaintopromoteeconomicgrowthandachieveintergenerationalequity.

3.7.4.The RGoB shall levy lower royalty for in-country valueadditionanduse.

3.8. Broad Based Ownership3.8.1.The RGoB shall encourage and promote broad based

ownership in mining through enabling measures. TheMinistryshalladoptaframeworkforminingcompaniesthatneedtohavebroadbasedownership.


3.9. Transparency and Information Sharing3.9.1.TheMinistryandMRAshallprovidefulldisclosurebarring

nationalsecurityconsiderationsinregardtodecisionsmadefor execution of leases, agreements and contracts in theirrespectivearea.

3.9.2.TheMinistryandMRAshallberesponsibleformaintainingrecordsanddisseminatinginformationpertainingtomineralandminingsectorintheirrespectivearea.

3.9.3.TheNSB,MoLHRandDRCshallreportminingstatisticalinformationintheirpublications.

3.10. Professional Capacity3.10.1.The mines shall be operated with best possible methods

andleaseholdersshallrecruitprofessionalsandtechnicallycompetent mining personals to manage the minesproficiently.

3.10.2.The RGoB shall allow employment of expatriateprofessionalswhereverlocalcapacityisnotavailable.

3.10.3.Leaseholders shall provide trainings tobuild the skills oflocalworkers.

3.11. Occupational Health and Safety3.11.1.Leaseholdersshallcomplywithoccupationalhealth&safety

standardsfordifferenttypesofminesasperprevailinglawsandbylaws.

4. Environmental Stewardship

TheRGoBshallstrengthentheenforcementofminingandenvironmentallawstogivedueconsiderationtoenvironmentalintegrityguidedbytheprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentandintergenerationalequity.


4.1. Environmental Protection and Regulatory Regime 4.1.1.Thecompetentagenciesshallensureregularsupervisionand

managementofallminesbyqualifiedprofessionals.

4.1.2.Compliance monitoring shall be supported by appropriateprogressivepenalties.

4.1.3.The affected communities shall be informed about themanagement and mitigation of environmental risksthroughoutthemininglifecycle.

4.1.4.The competent agencies shall collaborate with researchinstitutionsbothwithinthecountryandabroadtofacilitatetransferofknowledge,skillsandtechnologyinthefieldofenvironment,protectionandregulatoryregime.

4.2. Environmental Studies, Assessments, Management and Mitigation Plans4.2.1. The leaseholders shall adopt a risk-based approach in

preparation and submission of environmental studies,assessmentsandmanagementandmitigationplans.

4.2.2. A professionally designedMP and EMMP or ESRMMPshallbeprerequisitesforleasingofamine.

4.2.3. UndergroundminesorothermineswithpotentialhighriskfeaturesshallberequiredtoprepareanEmergencyPlanandHazardPreparednessResponsePlan.

4.2.4. Different stages of mineral development, starting fromexploration, mining and production to mine closureand reclamation shall be based on sound, scientific andengineering principles. Mine allocation shall take intoaccounttheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofeachminingarea and accordingly avoid unnecessary proliferation ofmines.


4.3. Environmental Permits and Approvals 4.3.1. Environmental clearances for exploration, mining and

surface collection permits shall be obtained as per theenvironmentallawsofthecountry.

4.3.2. Theenvironmentalandrelatedpermitprocessesforminingshallbestreamlinedtoenhanceservicedelivery.

4.4. Mine Closure and Reclamation4.4.1. ThefinalMCRPshallbepreparedpriortotheexpiryofthe

miningleaseinconsultationwiththeaffectedcommunity.

4.4.2. AMRFshallbecollectedfromtheleaseholdertofundtheMCRP.

4.4.3. Effectiveproceduresandinstrumentsshallbestrengthenedtoensure thatsufficientMRFisavailable for reclamationpriortomineclosureorintheeventthemineisabandonedduringtheoperatingperiod.

4.4.4. Themine reclamation shall commence immediately aftercessation of the mine operations to ensure post minereclamation.

4.4.5. ProgressivereclamationcarriedoutbyleaseholdersshallberecognizedbyreimbursingthecostsfromtheMRF.

4.4.6. AnybalancefundintheMRFafterreclamationofthemineshallberefundedtotheleaseholder.

4.4.7. Post-mining reclamation of all auctioned mines shallbe carriedout by theMRAon exhaustionof themineralreserveandabandonmentofthemine.TheMRFcollectedfromsuchminesshallnotberefunded.

4.4.8. TheMRFcollectedfromthemines,exceptforsection4.4.7,shallnotbebuiltintothefinalcostofthemineral.Onlythat


partofthefundusedforreclamationofthemineshallbetaxdeductable.

4.5. Maintenance of Roads4.5.1. The leaseholder shall be responsible for themaintenance

ofexistingroadsbeingused,onacostsharingbasis.ThecostshallbedeterminedbytheMRAinconsultationwithconcernedagenciesandtheleaseholder.

5. Social Risk Management and Mitigation

Theleaseholdersshalladoptmeasurestomanageandmitigateadverseimpacts of mining on the affected communities and minimize socialrisks.

5.1. Social Participation and Risk Management 5.1.1. Public consultations shall be conducted as per thePublic

Consultation Guidelines. Public consultation shall focusonly on the affects of the proposed mining and relatedactivitytothepublicandtheirproperty.

5.1.2. Theoperationofmines shall takeplace in amanner thatgivesdueconsiderationtothehealthandsafetyconcernsoftheaffectedcommunities.

5.1.3. The affected communities shall be informed about themanagement and mitigation of potential social risksthroughoutthemininglifecycle.

5.1.4. Theleaseholdershallidentifyandrectifyalldamagesmadetotheavailablelocalinfrastructureandservicesduetotheirminingoperation.

5.1.5. RedressalmechanismsshallbeinstitutedattheMRAandthe Ministry hierarchically to address grievances of theaffectedcommunitiesandresolvedisputes.


5.1.6. The initial social mitigation protection provided to theoriginalownersorusersoflandbeforeminingstartedshallnot be extended to new settlers and users of previouslyunoccupiedorunusedlandneartothemineoncethemineisfullyoperational.

5.1.7. Mining proposals and related activities shall not beobstructedforpersonalgainsaboveandbeyondthebenefitsbeingmadetothecommunity.

5.2. Social Risk Studies, Assessment, Management and Mitigation Plans 5.2.1. The leaseholders shall adopt a risk-based approach in

preparationandsubmissionofsocialstudies,assessments,andmanagementandmitigationplans.

5.2.2. AnacceptableSRMMPorESRMMPshallbeprerequisitesforleasingofamine.

5.3. Mine Closure and Post Mining Adaption5.3.1. Socialriskmitigationregardingmineclosureandthepost

miningadaptationofthecommunitywithsocialandsocio-economicaspectsshallbeincludedintheMCRP.Thisshallbe carried out in order to inform the community and thelocalgovernmentofthepotentialsocio-economicimpactsof mine closure and to enable the community and localgovernmenttopreparemeasurestoaddressthem.

6. Socio-economic Benefits and Benefit Sharing

Theprinciplesofbroadbasedownershipshallalsobepromotedthroughbenefit sharingmechanisms. In this regard, the affected communitiesshallbecompensatedthroughbenefitsharingforhavingbeennegativelyaffected bymining activities, if any, which shall include the originalinhabitantsofthecommunitytotheextentpossibleasmaybedeterminedbytheMRA.


6.1. National Level Benefits Theminingsectorofferspotentialnational levelbenefits suchas

rawmaterials for industries, constructionmaterials, employmentopportunitiesandenhancedgovernmentrevenues.6.1.1. Towardsoptimizingthenationallevelbenefits,theRGoB

shall:(1) instituteamineralfiscalregime,aprogressivefiscal

instrument that provides a fair share of the miningbenefitstothenationandwheretheAETRisfairtoboththeinvestorandtheState;

(2) promotevaluecreationbythemineralindustrywithinthecountrytoenhanceexportearningsandtogenerateemploymentopportunities;

(3) securesupplyofprimaryrawmaterialsforin-countryuse with due consideration to Bhutan’s geologicalposition;

(4) develop ability to compete in export markets inprofitablenichevalueaddedproducts;

(5) developandstrengthenminingregionsintoinnovativeandattractiveenvironmentforinvestmentsandliving;and

(6) strengthen mining sector by fostering cross-sectorknowledge,technologies,expertiseandservices.

6.2. Local Level Benefits Miningcanalsobringsubstantialbenefitsatthelocallevelwhich

includesdirectandindirectemploymentandincome,developmentof local businesses, infrastructure, and improved health andeducationservices.Towardsoptimizingthelocallevelbenefits,thefollowingshallbeimplemented.6.2.1. The leaseholders shall provide first preference for

employment opportunities and priority for procurementof goods and services to the businesses owned by localcommunities.

6.2.2. ACDAshallbeformulatedoutlininganybenefitsfor theaffected communities and shall be signed between therepresentativeoftheaffectedcommunityandtheMRA.


6.2.3. TheMRAinconsultationwiththelocalgovernmentshalldetermineappropriatebenefitsatlocallevel.

6.2.4. TheCDAmayberevisedaftereveryfiveyears.

6.2.5. Theaffectedcommunities shallhaveaccess toanysocialinfrastructure provided by the mine and, where feasible,accesstootherinfrastructuressuchasroadorwatersupply.

6.2.6. A CDF shall be created to fund activities within CDA.Forincorporatedminingcompanies,theCSRcontributionrequirementby theCompaniesAct shall formpartof theCDF.

7. Amendments

TheRGoB shall review this policy everyfiveyears.TheRGoB shallreviewandamendtheMMMA1995andtheMMMR2002tostrengthenthemanagementofmineralresourcesinlinewiththePolicy.

8. Interpretation of the Policy

In the event of conflict of interpretation, the Ministry shall be theauthoritytointerpretvariousprovisionsofthePolicywhichshallbefinalandbinding.

Ministry of Economic AffairsThimphu : Bhutan

Website: www.moea.gov.bt



Mineral Development Policy May 2017 · “Mineral” means any substance occurring naturally in or...

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