Presenter: Dr. Suhasini K.PG Dept. Community Medicine

J.N.M.C., Belagavi

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What are MDG’s ?

World community’s time bound and quantified targets for addressing

Poverty

Promoting gender equality

Education

Environmental sustainability

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What are MDG’s ?

In September 2000, representatives from 189 countries

Met at the Millennium Summit in New York and goals known as Millennium Development goals

8 goals, 18 targets, and 48 indicators

These act as framework to achieve the goals by 2015

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Evolution of MDG’S

The Alma Ata DeclarationThe Alma Ata Declaration:

Significance of health care facilities was recognized – to attain Health for All by 2000.

HFA failed by 2000 AD- Program lacked defined targets/ indicators Poor planning Lack of expert help Cash drought Inertia in implementation of policy

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Key agreements that formulated MDG’s-

1. The World Summit for children at New York (1990).

2. The International Conference on Population Development Cairo (1994).

3. International Development goals formulated at UN (1996).

Evolution of MDG’S

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Millennium DeclarationMillennium Declaration:Pledges member states - achieve human development

goals 2015 Way for roadmap for MDG’s formulated - UN

agencies.

Millennium ProjectMillennium Project :2002 Independent advisory project.Directed towards- Reviewing practices

prioritizing policy reforms.

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-identifying means of policy implementation-seeking financeSet an expert panel to strategize, conduct research plan as a situation sensitive unit

Millennium CampaignMillennium Campaign:Includes advocacy and awareness programs in

countries, across regions and globally

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INTER-INTER-RELATEDRELATED

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The Millennium Development Goals

There are 8 Goals, 18 targets and 48 indicators in United Nations Millennium declarationGoals Description

Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Goal 2 Achieve Universal primary education

Goal 3 Promote gender equality

Goal 4 Reduce Child mortality

Goal 5 Improve maternal health

Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases

Goal 7 Ensure Environment sustainability

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development

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The Millennium Development Goals

MDGs place health at the heart of development.

3 out of 8 goals,

8 out of 18 targets

18 out of 48 indicators are health related.

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ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

TARGETS INDICATORS1.A: Halve ( between 1990 and 2015) the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day

1.1 Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day1.2 Poverty gap ratio1.3 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption

GOAL- 1GOAL- 1

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ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGERTARGETS INDICATORS

1.B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed1.5 Employment to population ratio1.6 Proportion of employed people living below $1 (PPP) per day1.7 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment

GOAL- 1GOAL- 1

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ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGERTARGETS INDICATORS

1.C: Halve ( between 1990 and 2015 ) the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age(Low weight for age, <80% / below 2SD)

1.9 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (Proportion of population undernourished)

GOAL- 1GOAL- 1

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Target 1A

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World scenarioGlobally:

Underweight children - 25% in 1990 to 15% in 2013 Stunting in children U5 - 40% to 25%

99 million of children U5 – underweight in 2013

In Asia: Stunted children - more than halved between 1990 (192 million) and 2013 (91 million )

Africa : stunted children - 46 million in 1990 to 59 million in 2013.

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ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATIONTARGETS INDICATORS

2.A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education

2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade of 5

2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men

GOAL- 2GOAL- 2

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World scenario

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PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

TARGETS INDICATORS

3.A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education

3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector

3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament

GOAL- 3GOAL- 3

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World scenario

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Indian scenario

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REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

TARGETS INDICATORS

4.A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

4.1 Under-five mortality rate

4.2 Infant mortality rate

4.3 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measles

GOAL- 4GOAL- 4

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World scenario

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IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

TARGETS INDICATORS

5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

5.1 Maternal mortality ratio

5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate

5.4 Adolescent birth rate

5.5Antenatal care coverage

5.6 Unmet need of family planning

GOAL- 5GOAL- 5

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COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

TARGETS INDICATORS

6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

6.1 HIV prevalence among young people (prevalence among 15-24 years)6.2 Condom use in high-risk population(15-24 years)6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years(AIDS orphans currently living)

GOAL- 6GOAL- 6

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COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

TARGETS INDICATORS

6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs

GOAL- 6GOAL- 6

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COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

TARGETS INDICATORS

6C: Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

6.6 Malaria death rate per1lakh

Malaria incidence rate per 1lakh

6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets

6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs

GOAL- 6GOAL- 6

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COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

TARGETS INDICATORS

6C: Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

6.9 TB prevalence rate

6.10 TB death rate

6.11 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course

GOAL- 6GOAL- 6

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World scenario

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600 children died everyday of AIDS-related causes in 2012.

Antiretroviral medicines - delivered to 9.5 million people in developing regions in 2012

Malaria interventions saved - three million young children 2000 and 2012.

1995 and 2012- tuberculosis treatment saved 22 million lives.

Indian scenario

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ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY TARGETS INDICATORS

7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits7.5 Proportion of total water resources used

GOAL- 7GOAL- 7

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ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

TARGETS INDICATORS

7.B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss

7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected

7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction

GOAL- 7GOAL- 7

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ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY TARGETS INDICATORS

7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source

7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility

GOAL- 7GOAL- 7

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ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY TARGETS INDICATORS

7.D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums

GOAL- 7GOAL- 7

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World scernarioGlobal emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased

- 50 per cent since 1999

Protected ecosystems covered 14 %of terrestrial and

coastal marine areas worldwide by 2012

>2.3 billion people have gained access to an improved source of drinking water since 1990, but 748 million people still draw their water from an unimproved source

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1990 and 2012 - 2 billion people obtained access to improved sanitation

1 billion people still resort to open defecation

One-third of urban residents in developing regions still live in slums

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DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT TARGETS INDICATORS

8.A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system

Official development assistance (ODA)8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC

8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation)

8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied

GOAL- 8GOAL- 8

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DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT TARGETS INDICATORS

8.B: Address the special needs of the least developed countries

Includes: tariff and quota free access for the least developed countries' exports

8.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes

8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of their gross national incomes

GOAL- 8GOAL- 8

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DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT TARGETS INDICATORS

8.C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

Market access8.6 Proportion of total developed country imports

8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing

8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product

8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity

GOAL- 8GOAL- 8

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DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT TARGETS INDICATORS

8.D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

Debt sustainability8.10 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC (heavily indebted poor countries) decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative)

8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and MDRI Initiatives

8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services

GOAL- 8GOAL- 8

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DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT TARGETS INDICATORS

8.E: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries

8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis

8.F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population8.16 Internet users per 100 population

GOAL- 8GOAL- 8

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World scenarioOfficial development assistance stood at $134.8

billion in 2013, the highest level ever recorded. 80 per cent of imports from developing

countries enter developed countries duty-free. Debt burden on developing countries remains

stable at about 3 per cent of export revenue. Internet users in Africa almost doubled in the

past four years. 30 per cent of the world’s youth are digital

natives, active online for at least five years

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SummaryMDG-1 target – met Poverty rates have been halved between 1990

and 2010 1.2 billion people still live in extreme poverty.

Progress in reducing the number of children out of school has slackened considerably.

Women are assuming more power in the world’s parliaments, boosted by quota systems.

Despite substantial progress- world is still falling short of the MDG child mortality target

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SummaryMuch more still needs to be done to reduce

maternal mortalityPoverty and lack of education perpetuate

high adolescent birth rates.There are still too many new cases of HIV

infection.Millions of hectares of forest are lost every

year, threatening this valuable asset. Official development assistance is now at its

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•Park, Text book of Community Medicine,23rd edition.•Sunderlal, Text book of Community Medicine, 4th edition•Piyush Gupta, Textbook of Preventive Medicine, 3rd edition•www.undp.org/mdg/•www.who.int/mdg/en/•www.un.org/millienniumproject.org/•ddp.ext.worldbank.org/ext/MDG/home.do• MDG Government of India Report 2015•Fact Sheets on MDGs in South Asia www.mdgasiapacific.org

REFERENCES

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