Migration and Integration (Part 1) - October 2016 Meeting of the OECD Global Parliamentary Network
15
RECENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of the International Migration Division, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs OECD 12 October 2016
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Transcript of Migration and Integration (Part 1) - October 2016 Meeting of the OECD Global Parliamentary Network
RECENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND THE INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES
Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of the International Migration Division, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs OECD 12 October 2016
The global picture: Sharp increase of permanent migration flows to OECD countries in 2015 – but refugees are only a part of the picture
Evolution of permanent migration inflows to OECD countries
Distribution of permanent flows to OECD countries by category in 2014
Source International Migration Outlook, (OECD, 2016)
Source: International Migration Outlook (OECD, 2016)
4.1
4.7
4.4
4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0
4.1
4.3
4.8
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (e)
Millions
Work 14% Acc. family of
workers 7%
Family 33%
Humanitarian 9%
Other 5%
Free movement
32%
Permanent migration as a share of population ranges from 4 to 40 per thousand
Permanent migration to OECD countries by category as a percentage of the population, 2014
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0% Work Family Free movement Other 3.6
Source International Migration Outlook, (OECD, 2016)
• Permanent migration from third countries to the EU is comparable to that of the US
Temporary (labour) migration is increasing fast as well
Temporary labour migration flows, 2014
Source International Migration Outlook, (OECD, 2016)
Thousands (2014)
Evolution % (2013-2014)
No countries included
Seasonal workers 643 +27% 16
Intra-corporate transfers 141 +17% 10
Posted workers 1 436 +9% 24
Trainees 127 +17% 8
Working holiday makers 483 +5% 10
An unfolding humanitarian crisis …
An unprecedented number of asylum applications in 2015
Evolution of the number of new asylum seekers, 1980-2016
Source: UNHCR, Eurostat, OECD calculations.
0
500
1 000
1 500
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Thou
san
ds
OECD EU
0
500
1 000
2016 Jan-Jun
• Germany is the main receiving country for asylum seekers in absolute terms (440k applications registered in 2015 but 900 thousand pre-registrations) but Sweden is number one in relative terms (1.6% of the population)
• 4.8 million refugees in neighbouring countries of Syria including 2.7 million in Turkey, 1 million in Lebanon and 640k in Jordan at the end of 2015.
2016: continuing but decreasing entries
Source: UNHCR (9/10/2016)
Assessing, activating and developing refugee’ skills
How are refugee faring on the EU labour market ?
Source: EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.
Employment and unemployment rate by immigrant categories and gender European OECD countries, 2014
Labour market integration of refugees takes time => early intervention & access
Employment rate by immigrant categories and duration of stay European OECD countries, 2014
Source : EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20+
Years of residence
Employment
Family
Refugees
Study
Low educated refugees are lagging behind => targeted support, alternative assessment and upskilling
Source: EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.
Employment population ratio of refugees and accompanying family by duration of residence and education, 2014, Cohort arriving in 2000
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Low (ISCED 0-2) Medium (ISCED 3-4) High (ISCED 5+)
Language skill proficiency is key => modular language training combined with work exp.
Source: EU-OECD (2016), How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe? A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU labour force survey ad hoc module, DG EMPL Working Paper 1/2016.
Employment rate of refugees by host-country language proficiency level in the EU 15-64 yo, 2014
27%
59%
67%
59%
Native-born, 65%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Beginner or lessskills
Intermediate Advanced Language ismother tounge
Emp
loym
ent
rate
(%
)
How can OECD help ?
OECD responses and support
• Learning from the past and from good practices : making integration work for refugees and their children
• Engaging with employers
• Improving multilevel governance and local integration
• Adressing the migration backlash
• Anticipating future developments and upcoming challenges (e.g. returning rejected asylum seekers)
For further information: www.oecd.org/migration
15/11
Thank you for your attention
