Migration
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Transcript of Migration
MIGRATION
Migration
The movement from one place to another
People have always moved Diversity in US a result of movement
of peoples over time. Migration strongly influenced by
social, economic, military and political developments.
What is Migration?
Movement of people within a country’s geographical boundaries and across national boundaries.
Refugees- migrants, but unable or unwilling to return because, or fear of, persecution
Displaced Person- forced to leave home because of violence, conflict, persecution but has not crossed international border
Migration
Even though Transcontinental migration has increased…
Most migration occurs in relatively limited geographical area.
Rwandans to Tanzania, Mexicans to US.
Africa highest # of migrants (33%), North America (21%), Europe (17%), Asia (15%), Latin America (11%)
Migration
Men more likely to migrated than women. Often needed for labor Gender roles often restrict women’s mobility Rural-to- rural migration (India-from one farm
to another) Rural-to-urban- Urban area provides
opportunity; From farm to city Urban-to-rural- Relieve pressures on major
urban centers Seasonal migration- People move with seasonal
demand for labor; i.e. harvests, tourism
Causes of Migration
Push Factors: Factors that motivate people to leave homes; human rights violations, violence, instability
Pull Factors: Factors that motivate people to leave: employment, higher wages, educational opportunities
Push Factors
Overpopulation-Threatens resources and causes overcrowding.
Natural Disasters, environmental problems, and famines. (Many are manmade problems)
Competitive Exclusion- Land taken by large agro-export companies and increase land prices; small subsistence farmers forced to migrate.
Forced Migration
Act of evicting those who are hostile to the government.
Cultural Revolution- Chinese destroyed anything that challenged communism; Detained Tibetan monks, destroyed temples, desecrated Buddhist scriptures, punished those who practiced religion.
Chinese encourage migration of Han to Tibet; Tibet is losing culture;
Low Humming chants of Tibetan monks now compete with loud Chinese disco music
Violence and Conflict
Many leave Colombia because of 4 decades of violence; most are young and highly educated.
Ethnic conflict & civil wars in Africa=4 million refugees
500,000 Kurds in West Vietnamese to Hong Kong and US 2 million Iraqi refugees in Syria &
Jordan; 2 million internally displaced (2008)
Palestine
Between 1947-1948- 800,000 Palestinians became refugees; Israel says Palestinians leave was voluntary
3.5 million Palestinian refugees; 1 million in refugee camps; many born & raised in camps
Palestinians have moved & been expelled in Lebanon, North Africa, Kuwait & Syria.
No resolve in sight.
Pull Factors
Economic Opportunities= greater access to health care, consumer services, modern way of life
Rural-Urban migration=move away from agriculture
Companies need for inexpensive and reliable labor
Also results in human smuggling
Impact on Poor Countries
Migration deprives region of its valuable human resources
Brain Drain- Migration of highly educated and trained people from poor countries to rich countries
Brain Overflow- Inability of poor countries to use highly trained individuals
Remittance- Money migrant workers send home
Impact on Rich Countries
Inexpensive labor=economic growth Keep inflation low by keeping wages
from rising rapidly Social tensions (France and Muslims) Large # of Latino’s in US (34 million)
altering American political and social institutions