Midterm Review - Photoshop Notes

Crop tool The crop tool trims and scales a

photograph The crop tool permanently deletes all the

pixels outside the crop selection area Fifth tool down in the tools bar Drag a marquee around the picture and

then use the sizing handles to fit it to the picture.

Press enter or return to crop the picture

Gradient Tool Fades between multiple colors Control color and shape of gradient Customizable Used to fill selections, shapes, or text Video: http://youtu.be/VhZkBr0KlQA

Automatic Adjustments The auto color command adjusts the

contrast and color of an image. Image > Auto color

The auto contrast command (highlights and shadows) and the overall mix of colors in an image Image > Auto contrast

Shadows and Highlights Used to bring out the detail or light

areas of an image. Image > Adjustments >

Shadows/highlights Photoshop automatically applies default

settings, you can customize if you want

Adjustments Panel Panel used to fix or add effects to photos Nondestructively changes the photo

by adding an adjustment layer EX: Brightness/contrast, levels, curves,

exposure, hue/ saturation, color balance, black/white, vibrance, etc.

Found above layers panel Bottom left of panel is the arrow to

return to adjustments

Replace color Changes the color of an image Select whatever you want to

change colors using any selection tool (marque, quick select, etc.)

Image > adjustments > replace color The dialogue box opens

Sample the color to change Then choose the result color

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NS5Nf55rOQA

Dodge, Burn & Sponge ToolsThe dodge tool brightensThe burn tool darkensThe sponge tool changes the color saturation

Convert an Image to Black and White

1. Add an adjustment layer (Hue/Saturation)

Change the saturation level to -1002. Image →Mode → Grayscale

3. Layer Style, Color Overlay, Saturation Image → Adjustments → Black and White

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zfk3mTep3j4

New Layer Layer menu > new Layers panel > new layer button

(peeling page) or right click You can make new layers via cut or

copy Use a selection tool to select what

you want a copy of Layer > New > Layer Via Copy or Layer

Via Cut

Canvas Size The area in which the picture is located You can make it larger or smaller

Image – canvas size Use the dialogue box to help you create

the new canvas size Choose the color you want the new

canvas to be Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kxhKFS6Ujg

Guides and Rulershttp://youtu.be/DzYY4NePq-M View → Check

Rulers/ or Ctrl + R To change

measurements, right-click or double click on ruler

Doesn’t print

View → New Guide Click and drag

from ruler Doesn’t print

Color Mode Two kinds of color modes CMYK and RGB Photoshop can switch between color

modes Image > Mode > change to the correct

color mode Filters can be applied to RGB color

mode and not CMYK

Layer Group organize your layers into foldersFolder button on the bottom of the

layer panel, or go to layer > new layer group

To put layers in the group drag them on top of the group

thumbnail will be indentedVideo: http://youtu.be/6hyINpGIlno

Vignette (pron. “vin-yet”)Picture whose border fades into

background or border colorMethod 1: Create a border with a

feathered selectionMethod 2: Create a layer mask

with a gradient to the background color

http://youtu.be/DI8lCJisONQ

Clipping Mask When a picture takes the shape of Text Position picture layer over text

layer in the Layers Panel Go to Layer → Create Clipping Mask

OR Alt-click between the layers

Video: http://youtu.be/e2dC7rCrIkw

Paint Bucket Adds 1 color to a selection or an entire

layer Uses the foreground color Hidden tool underneath the gradient

tool

Stroke A border or outline around a part of an

image or textMethod 1: (destructive) Edit > StrokeSelect color, size,and locationMethod 2: (nondestructive) Add Layer Style > StrokeSelect color and size

Content Aware Takes the information around the

selection and uses that to fill the selection

1. Make selection2. Go to Edit → Fill3. Use: Content Aware4. Click OK5. Video: http://youtu.be/lypAA-VvVNU

Refine Edge Located on Options Bar of selection

tools Allows you to improve your selections

Opacity Opacity refers to how solid an image,

color, or shape is The more opacity a layer has, the less

transparent it is

Arrange Documents Arrange multiple windows into split

screen Window > arrange

Select the way you want to view your images

Camera Raw Is a digital negative Many digital cameras can save images as

raw format files Plan your workflow to move from left to

right and top to bottom in the panels You cam automatically apply the settings

to other pictures you have open in camera ray Synchronize photos

Video 1: http://youtu.be/9zcr_uUBSZk Video 2: http://youtu.be/dlTjDBzuJHU

Load a Saved Selection Selection that is saved and you can use

again. It is saved to your channels Look for the keyword Go to Select – Load Selection – channels The channel is then selected Video: http://youtu.be/wgOiYD_iwqc

Depth of Field When you take a picture you can only focus

on the foreground or background If you take two pictures of the same area 1

focused on foreground and 1 on the background you can merge them so the entire picture is in focus

With both pictures selected Edit – Auto align layers – this make sure the 2

pictures line up Edit – Auto Blend Layers

Create a texture In Photoshop you can apply textures to

different layers to enhance the quality of the projects

You can make any PSD document into a texture

Filter – Filter Gallery – Texturizer – Load Texture – Open the saved texture – Set scale and relief

Animated GIF Is a sequence of images, or frames Each frame varies slightly from the

preceding frame, creating the illusion of movement when they are viewed in quick succession

Window – animation Save it File – save for web and devices – save video 1: http://youtu.be/TsZez4DNqks Video 2: http://youtu.be/bNRulEbmuq0

Inverse To select the opposite of what you

selected Select > Inverse

Smart Objects Layers that you can edit non

destructively Changes you make to the image remain

editable and do not affect the actual image pixels, which are preserved

Bitmap Image Also called raster images Are based on a grid of colors known as pixels In working with bitmap images, you edit

groups of pixels rather than objects or shapes They are appropriate for continuous tone

images such as photographs or artworksdisadvantages of bitmap is they contain a fixed number of pixels they can lose detail when scaled up onscreen

Vector Image Are made up of lines (stroke) and colors

(fill) defined by mathematical objects called vectors

These graphics retain their crispness whether they are moved, resized, or have their color changed

Vector graphics are appropriate for illustrations, type, and graphics such as logos that may be scaled to different sizes

Rasterize Convert a vector

layer to an image layer

After a layer is rasterized it can no longer be edited as vector

You can rasterize shapes and text to use imaging tools on them such as layer adjustments or shading tools like dodge and burn

Path The outline of a vector shape A path is a curved or straight line segment you

draw using the Pen, Magnetic Pen, or Freeform Pen tool

Paths can be open or closed. Open paths have two distinct endpoints. Closed paths are continuous. The type of path you draw affects how it can be selected and adjusted

Paths that have not been filled of stroked do not print when you print your artwork. This is because paths are vector objects that contain no pixels, unlike shapes drawn by the pencil tool and other painting objects

Create Text on a Path1. Create a shape/ pattern/ line using a

shape tool In options, select Paths

2. Switch to text tool and click on shape path (line of shape)

3. Add text – make sure the pointer changes and you are on the path otherwise it will not follow the path

Change fonts, sizes, shapes as needed – character panel information

Rule of Thirdshttp://www.vimeo.com/14315821 Is a design principle that divides a page

into nine squares and then placing the page elements of most interest on the intersections of the grid lines

Print size view In Photoshop the view you see on your

screen is usually different than the size it would be if you were to print the picture.

To see the print size view of your project View > Print Size

Custom Workspace Essentials, Design, and Painting are the

default workspaces for Photoshop If you use certain panels more than

others when you work you can customize your own workspace

You click on the two arrows and then new workspace

Video: http://youtu.be/7gdFz-SnecU

Meta data Information about a file, such as

keywords, descriptions, and copyright information

This information is not visible in the image itself but only hidden in the file

Non destructive mask Adds a mask to a layer but doesn’t

harm the layer’s pixels Method 1: add mask button (layers

panel)Method 2: layer menu > layer mask

Choose hide/reveal all or a selection Video 1: http://youtu.be/8kr4XYCSzbQ Video 2: http://youtu.be/fHt-GaMEGBE

Red Eye Red eye occurs when the retina of a

subject’s eye is reflected by the camera flash It commonly occurs in photograph's of a

subject in a darkened room because the subject's irises are wide open

Red eye is easy to fix in Photoshop Select the red eye tool hidden under the

spot healing brush Click on the red area of the eye Video: http://youtu.be/XDKdGw0w8ws

Sharpening Edges Photoshop has several filters that

sharpen areas of an image All of them focus blurry images by

increasing the contrast of adjacent pixels

Filter > sharpen > there are sseveral sharpening filters, but the “unsharp mask” will give you more options to change

Video: http://youtu.be/XGO8NNQvCds

Merge Layers When two or more layers become one

layer Method 1: Layer menu > merge down

or merge visible or merge layers (selected)

Method 2: right click on the layer in the layers panel to merge

Select layers to choose which to merge, or use default options

Create a PDF sheethttp://youtu.be/OzJHUf8IJgI Portable Document Format To create a PDF image gallery

Launch Bridge Choose the Output workspace – Output Select the images we want on the gallery,

press CTRL + Click to select different images, or Shift + Click the first and last image to select all images

Then work your way down the Output panel to the save button.

Flatten Image Flatten image takes all the layers and

flattens them into one layer This is helpful in reducing file size Method 1: Layer > flatten image Method 2: Right click the layer and go

to flatten image Video: http://youtu.be/2UcHaAkCBjg

Define a Pattern

You can take any drawing/image and turn it into a pattern

First create/draw your pattern Select what you want to be your pattern Edit > define pattern > name your pattern Select where you want your pattern to fill – if you

don’t select anything, you will fill the entire layer Add a new layer Edit > Fill > Pattern > choose your pattern of

choice Video: http://youtu.be/2UcHaAkCBjg

Alpha Channels Special grayscale channels An image can contain up to 56 channels,

including all color and alpha channels All channels are 8-bit grayscale images, capable

of displaying 256 levels of gray. You can specify a name, color, mask option, and

opacity for each All new channels have the same dimensions and

number of pixels as the original You can edit the mask in an alpha channel using

the painting tools, editing tools, and filters