Middle colonies
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MIDDLE COLONIESChapter 3 Lesson 3
BELL RINGERSeparatists (Puritans) were persecuted because of
their religious beliefs in England so in 1620 they decided to move to America for freedom of religion in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Puritans had little
tolerance for different beliefs, criticized others for not sharing the same belief, and set strict religious-based
rules.
Based on this information, explain why some people might have left the Massachusetts Bay
Colony and formed other colonies.
MIDDLE COLONIES
The middle colonies were under control of the
Dutch West India Company. The company offered large grants of
land to anyone who would bring over 50
settlers to increase the colonies population.
Those who received the land grants were called patroons and ruled like
kings (they had their own courts and laws) . Settlers owed the
patroons labor and a share of their crops.
Present-day New York was New Netherland.
The main settlement of New Netherland was New Amsterdam, on
Manhattan Island. This location had a good
seaport with access to the Hudson River. The river served as a major transportation route to
a land rich of farms, forests, and furs so New Amsterdam became a
major center of shipping to and from
the Americas.
The English wanted control of the prosperous Dutch colony of New
Netherland. In 1664 the English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant, governor of the colony,
surrendered it to English forces without a fight.
England’s King Charles gave the colony to his brother Duke of York, who
renamed it New York. New York was a proprietary colony in which an owner (proprietor) owned all the land and
controlled the government. It wasn’t until 1692 New Yorkers could elect their
legislature.
NEW NETHERLAND BECOMES NEW
YORK
New York was prosperous and diverse (Dutch, German,
Swedish, and Native American People) with the first Jewish population. In
1664 NY had 8,000 residents with 300 slaves and grew to
be the fastest growing population in 1683 swelled to
12,000 people.
FOUNDING NEW
JERSEYThe Duke of York decided to divide his colony. He
gave the land between the Hudson and Delaware
Rivers to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret who name the colony New Jersey (after Jersey were Carteret was born). Proprietors offered large tracts of land and
also promised freedom of religion, trial by jury, and a representative assembly.
New Jersey had a diverse population of different racial,
religious, and ethnic backgrounds. New Jersey had no natural
harbors, so it did not develop a major port or city like New York. New Jersey’s proprietors made few profits and eventually sold their shares of the colony. By
1702 New Jersey became a royal colony, but the colonists
continued to make local laws.
PENNSYLVANIA
The Quakers (Protestant group that had been persecuted in England)
founded the colony of Pennsylvania. In 1680 William Penn, a wealthy
English Quaker, received the land from King Charles (debt owed from
the king to Penn’s father). Pennsylvania or “Penn’s Woods”,
stretched inland from the Delaware River. This colony was nearly as
large as England.
William saw Pennsylvania as a “Holy Experiment”, a chance to put his Quaker ideals into practice. The
Quakers (Society of Friends) believed everyone was equal. People could follow their “Inner Light” rather than a religious leader. Quakers were also pacifists (people who refused to use force or fight in wars).
Penn was an active proprietor who, in 1682, sailed to America to supervise the building of Philadelphia-
“brotherly love”. Penn designed the city himself and wrote Pennsylvania's constitution. He also believed the
land belonged to Native Americans and the settlers should pay for it.
DELAWARE
Penn advertised his colony throughout Europe so that in 1863 3,000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers had arrived. In
1701, in the Charter of Privileges, Penn granted the colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislature and
Philadelphia quickly became America’s most popular port and prosperous city. People from Sweden had settled in
Pennsylvania before the Dutch and then the English took over the area. Penn allowed these southern counties to form their own legislature.
The counties then functioned as a separate colony known as Delaware. However Delaware
remained under Pennsylvania’s governor.
Create a newsletter to encourage settlers to move to the Middle
Colonies.
You need:
-Title-Colonies and their
features-Picture
-2 Important Dates and description
-Reasons to live in Middle Colonies
-Map of all four Middle Colonies
-2 Fun Facts about Middle Colonies