Microbes Microbes and diseaseand disease

microorganismsmicroorganismsmicroorganismsmicroorganisms

• Pathogens (cause disease)

• Microscopic– Bacteria (cause cholera, boils, MRSA,TB,typhoid)

– Viruses (cause warts,polio,flu,mumps,measles)

– Fungi (cause athletes foot, ringworm)

• Parasites also cause disease but these are not microorganisms ( eg fleas, worms)

Important scientists in this areaImportant scientists in this areaImportant scientists in this areaImportant scientists in this area

• Ignaz Semmelweiss – noticed that when doctors washed their hands fewer women died giving birth

• Louis Pasteur – proved germs in air caused disease

• Joseph Lister – developed carbolic soap and ensured surgeons and their instruments were cleaned before operations

Cleaning chemicalsCleaning chemicalsCleaning chemicalsCleaning chemicals

• Disinfectants- for surfaces

• Antiseptics- for wounds/sores

• Why cleaning is important – good hygiene removes dirt/grease that pathogens stick to and use as a source of energy to multiply

Protection against diseaseProtection against diseaseProtection against diseaseProtection against disease

• Skin - barrier• Blood clots and scabs• Tears• Hairs in nose filter dirt• Mucus in nose and bronchi sticks to dirt/dust• Acid in stomach kills microbes• White blood cells – ingest microbes/make antibodies• Vaccination – with weak/dead microbe to make

antibodies• Antibiotics – drugs to kill bacteria

homeworkhomeworkhomeworkhomework

• Read p38-9 about drug development

• Find out about the drug trials that went wrong at northwick park hospital in North London

• Revise the whole topic ( first chapter in your text book)

• Practise tests next week