Micro RetroKomp

SPARTEZM

ICRO

History

1972 - Founded by Nolen Bushnell and Ted Dabney

1972 - Created PONG

1976 - Sold to Warner

1980 - Atari 800 / 400

1982 - Atari 5200

1983 - Atari 1200XL

1977 - Atari VCS / 2600

History

1983 - Video Game Crash

1984 - Jack Tramiel acquires Atari for $50

1985 - Atari XE and ST

1986 - Atari 7800

1989 - Atari Lynx

1993 - Atari Jaguar

1991 - Atari Falcon030

Hardware Atari 2600

1977: Atari VCS (Video Computer System)

Hardware Atari 2600

Probably the most fucked up console ever created

Designed in 2 days

CPU and chipset - $15

Sound and Graphics chip - TIA - was designed by Jay Miner

CPU MOS 6507 @ 1.19MHz

RAM ?

Graphics TIA

Sound 2 channels

Cart size 4-16KB

Controllers joystick, paddles

Hardware Atari 2600

/Atari 2600 is a 7-bit console/

Hardware Atari 2600

Memory addressing by CPU

MemHi (1 byte)

MemLo (1 byte)

2^8 * 2^8 = 2^16 = 65536 = 64K

Hardware Atari 2600


RAM ?

Graphics TIA

Sound 2 channels

Cart size 4-16KB


Hardware Atari 2600


RAM 128

Graphics TIA

Sound 2 channels

Cart size 4-16KB


Hardware Atari 2600


RAM 128B

Graphics TIA

Sound 2 channels

Cart size 4-16KB


Hardware Atari 2600

Hardware Atari 2600

Hardware Atari 2600

How games looked like

Hardware Atari 2600

Programming today

Hardware Atari 2600

Display

262 NTSC / 312 PAL

228 color clock cycles

Overscan (30 NTSC / 36 PAL)

Vertical sync - vblank (40 NTSC / 48 PAL)

Horizontal blank - hblank

(68 color cycles)

Drawable area NTSC 160 x 192 PAL 160 x 228

228 / 3 = 76 CPU cycles

Hardware Atari 2600

- no frame buffer

- image drawn by code line by line

- very cheap and flexible

- you tell the TIA what to draw while it is painting

- 1 background color

- 2 player sprites each with 1 color

- 1 playfield color

- 2 missile sprites reusing player sprites colors

- 1 ball sprite reusing playfield color

- 4 color registers: BG, PL, 2x PS

- each color from the palette of 128

Hardware Atari 2600

- different colors for NTSC and PAL

- SECAM palette totally fucked up

Hardware Atari 2600

- playfield drawing

- mirrored

- repeated

- alternating

Hardware Atari 2600

- sprites drawing

- 5 sprites: 2x player, 2x missile, 1x ball

- missiles can be aligned with player on X axis or independent

Hardware Atari 2600

- sprites drawing

- Y: easy (wait for the line)

- X: fucked up:

- X: sprite reset registers

- X: sprite movement correction +7 / -8

- so you always have to know where the beam is:

- count the cycles

- WSYNC - stops CPU

- start the timer

Hardware Atari 2600

- sprites can also be repeated or stretched in 7 ways

Atari 5200

Atari 5200

An attempt to re-enter the gaming console market in 1982

Internal hardware salvaged from 400/800 computers

Weird analog joysticks

Only 69 games released

Atari 5200


RAM 16KB

Graphics ANTICS and GTIA

Sound POKEY2 channels

Cart size 2KB BIOS32KB bank switch

Controllers analog joystick, trackball

Atari 2600 adapter for Atari 5200

Atari 7800

Atari 7800

Another attempt to win back the gaming console market in 1986

Improved hardware as compared to Atari 800, but inferior to NES

Almost 100% backwards compatible with Atari 2600

Only 59 games were released for the system

Atari 7800

CPU SALLYMOS 6502 @ 1.79MHz

RAM 4KB

GraphicsMARIA

160x288 or 320x288, 256 color palette, colourful sprites

Sound TIA 2 channels

Cart size 4KB BIOS48KB bank switch


Atari 2600 / 5200 / 7800

Hardware Atari 800

Hardware Atari 400

Atari 400/800 specs

Atari 400 Atari 800


MOS 6502 @ 1.79MHz

RAM 16KBup to 48KB ext.

16KBup to 96KB

ROM 10KB OSno BASIC

10KB OSno BASIC

cart slots 1 slot 2 slots

external tape recorder, floppy, printer, modem, etc.

Atari 400/800 specs

Atari 400 Atari 800

Graphics ANTICCTIA/GTIA

ANTICCTIA/GTIA

Sound POKEY4 channels

POKEY 4 channels

controllers 4x joystick 4x joystick

Hardware Atari 1200XL

Atari XL specs

Atari 1200XL

Atari 600XL

Atari 800XL


MOS 6502 @ 1.79MHz

MOS 6502 @ 1.79MHz

RAM 64KB 16KBup to 64KB 64KB

ROM 16KB OS no BASIC

16KB OSplus BASIC

16KB OS plus BASIC

cart slots

1 slot 1 slots 1 slot

external tape recorder, floppy, printer, modem, etc.

Hardware Atari 65XE

Hardware Atari 130XE

Hardware Atari 800XE

Hardware Atari 65EXP

Hardware Atari XEGS

Hardware Atari XL/XE

Graphic capabilities delivered by ANTIC and GTIA

ANTIC: Alpha-Numeric Television Interface Circ.

CTIA/GTIA: Color/George Television Interface Adapt.


ANTIC: microprocessor with its own:

- instruction set

- program (display list)

- data accessed over DMA


GTIA: television interface chip

- controlled by ANTIC

- can be also used by 6502

- is an enhanced version of Atari 2600 TIA, with its own:

- colors

- sprites

- collision detection


16 Graphic modes


Graphic mode 0 (text mode)

Number of colors: 2 Resolution: 40 x 24 Memory (in bytes): 992



Number of colors: 5 Resolution: 20 x 12Memory (in bytes): 672


Graphic mode 3 (grph mode)




Number of colors: 2 Resolution: 320x192 Memory (in bytes): 8138


Sprites

- 4 8bit sprites similar to Atari 2600

- each sprite with its own missile

- sprites overlay the graphic mode, but use always 2x1 hires pixels


Graphic mode tricks

- change palette between lines

- use text modes to display graphics

- use sprites to add extra colors to the image

- interleave graphic modes

- use interlacing


CIN software graphic mode

- 192 x 160 x 128 colors


TIP software graphic mode

- 160 x 100 x 256 colors


DEMO (live presentation)


But you can go even further

- RastaConverter



- brightess artefact



- playing music with GTIA? no problem!

Hardware Atari 520ST

Hardware Atari 1040STFM

Atari ST specs

Atari ST Atari STF Atari STFM

CPU Motorola 68000 @ 8MHz

RAM 512 (520 models)1024 (1040 models)

ROMTOS

192KB / 256KB

ports 2xjoystick (incl. mouse), cartridge, 2x MIDI, floppy, HDD, modem, printer

TV - - built in modulator

sound YM2149 YM2149 YM2149

Atari ST graphic

info colors

hires 640x400

requiring special

monitor to display this

mode

black and white

midres 320x400

requiring other type of monitorSTFM model

could display it

on TV

4 from the palette of

512

lowres 320x200

16 from the palette of

512

Atari ST graphic

Hardware Atari 1040STE

Atari ST vs STE differences

- wider palette (4096)

- 4 joystick ports

- added BLiTTER

- added DMA sound with 8-bit PCM sound at 6.25/12.5/25/50 kHz and stereo RCA output

- easily expandable to 4MB

Atari ST(E)

- much more modern design

- successful in sound editing and DTP

History

1954 - Founded by Jack Tramiel - typewriters

1959 - adding machines

1969 - calculators

1977 - Commodore PET

1981 - Commodore VIC

1982 - Commodore 64

1976 - acquired MOS

1984 - acquired Amiga

Commodore PET

Commodore PET

Released in 1977

Came in three series

Targeted as a serious business machine with tons of peripherals

CPU MOS 6502 @ 1MHz

RAM 4-96KB

Graphics 40x25 / 80x25 text

Sound piezo beeper

Commodore PET

Commodore PET

Commodore VIC-20

Released in 1980

First computer to sell in 1M units

Commodore VIC-20

CPU MOS 6502 @ 1MHz

RAM 5-32KB

ROM 20KB

Graphics VIC 176x184 16 colours

Sound VIC 3 channels

Commodore VIC-20

Commodore VIC-20

Commodore 64

Commodore 64

Released in 1982

Guinness World Record for highest number of units sold for single computer model: 10M-17M

Dominated 8-bit computer market throughout 80s

CPU MOS 6510 @ 1MHz

RAM 64KB

ROM 20KB

GraphicsVIC-II 320x200 16 colours +

sprites

Sound SID 6581 / 8580

Commodore 64

Commodore 64

Commodore 128

Commodore 128

Released in 1985

Nearly fully compatible with Commodore 64

Dual CPU: MOS 8502 and Zilog Z80A

Three operation modes: C128, CP/M, C64

CPUMOS 8502

@ 1 or 2 MHz Zilog Z80A @ 4MHz

RAM 128KB

Graphics

VIC-IIE 320x200 16 colours +

sprites MOS 8563 640x200 16 colours +

blitter

Sound SID 6581 / 8580

Commodore 128

Commodore 128

Commodore 16 / 116 / plus/4

Released in 1984

Was designed to be an entry level 8bit computer

Became a marketing flop


CPU MOS 7501 or 8501 @ 0.9 1.76MHz

RAM 16KB

ROM 30KB

Graphics TED 320x200 121 colours

Sound TED 2 channels

Commodore 16 / 116

CPU MOS 7501 or 8501 @ 0.9 1.76MHz

RAM 64KB

ROM 64KB

Graphics TED 320x200 121 colours

Sound TED 2 channels

Commodore plus/4

History

1979 - Jay Miner leaving Atari

1982 - project Lorraine started with Miner as head designer

1984 - first working prototype ready

1985 - Amiga 1000

1986 - Amiga 500

1996 - Amiga 1200 and 4000

Amiga specs

CPU Motorola 680x0 @ 7MHz upwards

RAM 512 KB upwards

ROM 128 - 512 KB

OS Amiga OS on Kickstart

graphics OSC/ECS/AGA

sound PAULA - DMA, stereo 4 channel, 8-bit with filters

Amiga 1000

Amiga 2000

Amiga 3000

Amiga 4000

Amiga 4000T

Amiga 500

Amiga 500+

Amiga 600

Amiga 1200

Amiga CDTV

Amiga CD32

Amiga non-AGA graphics

Amiga AGA graphics

History of Sinclair

1973 - incorporated as Ablesdeal, later renamed

1980 - ZX80, cheapest computer in UK

1981 - ZX81

1982 - ZX Spectrum, deal with Timex

1984 - Sinclair QL, ZX Spectrum+

1986 - sold to Amstrad

ZX Spectrum

ZX Spectrum+

ZX Spectrum 128

ZX Spectrum +2

ZX Spectrum +3

ZX Spectrum

CPU Zilog Z80 @ 3.5MHz

RAM 16 / 48 / 128 KB

Graphics 256x192 = 32x24 grid of 8x8 chars 8 colours, 2 per char

Sound beeper or AY38910

connectors main bus, stereo jack, joystick

Controllers keyboard, joystick

ZX Spectrum graphics

ZX Spectrum sounds

Sinclair QL

ZX Spectrum

CPU 68008 @ 7.5 MHz

RAM 128 KB (up to 896 KB)

Graphics 256x256 8 colours, 512x256 4 colours

Sound beeper or AY38910

connectors

expansion slot, ROM cartridge socket, dual RS-232 ports, QLAN local area network ports, dual joystick ports,

external Microdrive bus

Controllers keyboard, joystick

Micro RetroKomp

Technology

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