MiCOM P40 Agile P94V - GE Grid Solutions · 4.7 Live/Dead Ccts OK (Live/Dead Circuits OK) 134 4.8...

MiCOM P40 Agile P94V

© ALSTOM 2016. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty isgiven or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technicaland commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use ordisclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Technical ManualFeeder Management IED

Hardware Version: ASoftware Version: 57Publication Reference: P94V-TM-EN-7

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 11 Chapter Overview 32 Foreword 42.1 Target Audience 42.2 Typographical Conventions 42.3 Nomenclature 52.4 Compliance 53 Product Scope 63.1 Ordering Options 64 Features and Functions 74.1 Protection Functions 74.2 Control Functions 74.3 Measurement Functions 84.4 Communication Functions 85 Logic Diagrams 96 Functional Overview 11

Chapter 2 Safety Information 131 Chapter Overview 152 Health and Safety 163 Symbols 174 Installation, Commissioning and Servicing 184.1 Lifting Hazards 184.2 Electrical Hazards 184.3 UL/CSA/CUL Requirements 194.4 Fusing Requirements 194.5 Equipment Connections 204.6 Protection Class 1 Equipment Requirements 214.7 Pre-energisation Checklist 214.8 Peripheral Circuitry 224.9 Upgrading/Servicing 225 Decommissioning and Disposal 236 Standards Compliance 246.1 EMC Compliance: 2004/108/EC 246.2 Product Safety: 2006/95/EC 246.3 R&TTE Compliance 246.4 UL/CUL Compliance 246.5 ATEX Compliance 24

Chapter 3 Hardware Design 271 Chapter Overview 292 Hardware Architecture 302.1 Memory and Real Time Clock 303 Mechanical Implementation 323.1 Housing Variants 323.2 20TE Rear Panel 333.3 30TE Rear Panel 334 Terminal Connections 364.1 I/O Options 364.2 P94V Hardware Configuration 1 364.2.1 Terminal Block Left 36

4.2.2 Terminal Block Right 374.3 P94V Hardware Configuration 2 384.3.1 Terminal Block Left 384.3.2 Terminal Block Right 384.3.3 Ethernet Connectivity 394.4 P94V Hardware Configuration 3 394.4.1 Terminal Block Left 404.4.2 Terminal Block Right 404.4.3 Terminal Block Centre 404.5 P94V Hardware Configuration 4 414.5.1 Terminal Block Left 414.5.2 Terminal Block Right 414.5.3 Terminal Block Centre 424.6 P94V Hardware Configuration 5 434.6.1 Terminal Block Left 434.6.2 Terminal Block Right 434.6.3 Terminal Block Centre 444.7 P94V Hardware Configuration 6 454.7.1 Terminal Block Left 454.7.2 Terminal Block Right 454.8 P94V Hardware Configuration 7 464.8.1 Terminal Block Left 464.8.2 Terminal Block Right 474.8.3 Ethernet Connectivity 474.9 P94V Hardware Configuration 8 484.9.1 Terminal Block Left 484.9.2 Terminal Block Right 484.9.3 Terminal Block Centre 495 Front Panel 505.1 20TE Front Panel 505.2 30TE Front Panel 515.3 Keypad 515.4 Liquid Crystal Display 525.5 USB Port 525.6 Fixed Function LEDs 535.7 Function Keys 535.8 Programable LEDs 53

Chapter 4 Software Design 551 Chapter Overview 572 Software Design Overview 583 System Level Software 593.1 Real Time Operating System 593.2 System Services Software 593.3 Self-Diagnostic Software 593.4 Startup Self-Testing 593.4.1 System Boot 593.4.2 System Level Software Initialisation 603.4.3 Platform Software Initialisation and Monitoring 603.5 Continuous Self-Testing 604 Platform Software 624.1 Record Logging 624.2 Settings Database 624.3 Interfaces 625 Protection and Control Functions 635.1 Acquisition of Samples 635.2 Frequency Tracking 63

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5.3 Fourier Signal Processing 635.4 Programmable Scheme Logic 645.5 Event Recording 645.6 Disturbance Recorder 655.7 Fault Locator 655.8 Function Key Interface 65

Chapter 5 Configuration 671 Chapter Overview 692 Settings Application Software 703 Using the HMI Panel 713.1 Navigating the HMI Panel 723.2 Getting Started 723.3 Default Display 733.4 Default Display Navigation 743.5 Password Entry 753.6 Processing Alarms and Records 763.7 Menu Structure 763.8 Changing the Settings 773.9 Direct Access (The Hotkey menu) 783.9.1 Setting Group Selection Using Hotkeys 783.9.2 Control Inputs 793.9.3 Circuit Breaker Control 793.10 Function Keys 804 Date and Time Configuration 814.1 Time Zone Compensation 814.2 Daylight Saving Time Compensation 815 Settings Group Selection 82

Chapter 6 Voltage Protection Functions 831 Chapter Overview 852 Undervoltage Protection 862.1 Undervoltage Protection Implementation 862.2 Undervoltage Protection Logic 872.3 Application Notes 882.3.1 Undervoltage Setting Guidelines 883 Overvoltage Protection 893.1 Overvoltage Protection Implementation 893.2 Overvoltage Protection Logic 903.3 Application Notes 913.3.1 Overvoltage Setting Guidelines 914 Rate of Change of Voltage Protection 924.1 Rate of Change of Voltage Protection Implementation 924.2 Rate of Change of Voltage Logic 935 Residual Overvoltage Protection 945.1 Residual Overvoltage Protection Implementation 945.2 Residual Overvoltage Logic 955.3 Application Notes 955.3.1 Calculation for Solidly Earthed Systems 955.3.2 Calculation for Impedance Earthed Systems 965.3.3 Setting Guidelines 976 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Protection 986.1 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Implementation 986.2 Negative Sequence Overvoltage Logic 986.3 Application Notes 98

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6.3.1 Setting Guidelines 987 Positive Sequence Undervoltage Protection 1007.1 Positive Sequence Undervoltage Implementation 1007.2 Positive Sequence Undervoltage Logic 1008 Positive Sequence Overvoltage Protection 1018.1 Positive Sequence Overvoltage Implementation 1018.2 Positive Sequence Overvoltage Logic 1019 Moving Average Voltage Functions 1029.1 Moving Average Undervoltage Logic 1039.2 Moving Average Overvoltage Logic 1049.3 Moving Average Zero Sequence Voltage Logic 1049.4 Moving Average Positive Sequence Voltage Logic 1059.5 Moving Average Negative Sequence Voltage Logic 1059.6 Moving Average Undervoltage Blocking PSL 105

Chapter 7 Frequency Protection Functions 1071 Chapter Overview 1092 Frequency Protection Overview 1102.1 Frequency Protection Implementation 1103 Underfrequency Protection 1113.1 Underfrequency Protection Implementation 1113.2 Underfrequency Protection Logic 1113.3 Application Notes 1113.3.1 Setting Guidelines 1114 Overfrequency Protection 1134.1 Overfrequency Protection Implementation 1134.2 Overfrequency Protection Logic 1134.3 Application Notes 1134.3.1 Setting Guidelines 1135 Independent R.O.C.O.F Protection 1155.1 Indepenent R.O.C.O.F Protection Implementation 1155.2 Independent R.O.C.O.F Protection Logic 1165.3 Application Notes 1165.3.1 Setting Guidelines 1166 Frequency-supervised R.O.C.O.F Protection 1186.1 Frequency-supervised R.O.C.O.F Implementation 1186.2 Frequency-supervised R.O.C.O.F Logic 1196.3 Application Notes 1196.3.1 Frequency-Supervised R.O.C.O.F Example 1196.3.2 Setting Guidelines 1207 Average Rate of Change of Frequency Protection 1217.1 Average R.O.C.O.F Protection Implementation 1217.2 Average R.O.C.O.F Logic 1227.3 Application Notes 1227.3.1 Setting Guidelines 1228 Load Shedding and Restoration 1248.1 Load Restoration Implementation 1248.2 Holding Band 1248.3 Load Restoration Logic 1278.4 Application Notes 1278.4.1 Setting Guidelines 127

Chapter 8 Autoreclose 1291 Chapter Overview 1312 Introduction to 3-phase Autoreclose 132

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3 Implementation 1334 Autoreclose Function Inputs 1344.1 CB Healthy 1344.2 Block AR 1344.3 Reset Lockout 1344.4 AR Auto Mode 1344.5 AR LiveLine Mode 1344.6 Telecontrol Mode 1344.7 Live/Dead Ccts OK (Live/Dead Circuits OK) 1344.8 AR Sys Checks (AR System Checks) 1354.9 Ext AR Prot Start (External AR Protection Start) 1354.10 Ext AR Prot Trip (External AR Protection Trip) 1354.11 Ext AR SEF Start (External AR SEF Start) 1354.12 Ext AR SEF Trip (External AR SEFTrip) 1354.13 DAR Complete (Delayed Autoreclose Complete) 1354.14 CB in Service (Circuit Breaker in Service) 1354.15 AR Restart 1364.16 DT OK To Start (Dead Time OK to Start) 1364.17 DeadTime Enabled 1364.18 AR Init TripTest (Initiate Trip Test) 1364.19 AR Skip Shot 1 1364.20 Inh Reclaim Time (Inhibit Reclaim Time) 1365 Autoreclose Function Outputs 1375.1 AR In Progress 1375.2 DAR In Progress 1375.3 Sequence Counter Status DDB signals 1375.4 Successful Close 1375.5 AR In Service 1375.6 AR Blk Main Prot (Block Main Protection) 1375.7 AR Blk SEF Prot (Block SEF Protection) 1375.8 Reclose Checks 1385.9 DeadTime In Prog 1385.10 DT Complete (Dead Time Complete) 1385.11 AR Sync Check (AR Synchronisation Check) 1385.12 AR SysChecks OK (AR System Checks OK) 1385.13 Auto Close 1385.14 Protection Lockt (Protection Lockout) 1385.15 Reset Lckout Alm (Reset Lockout Alarm) 1385.16 Reclaim In Prog 1385.17 Reclaim Complete 1386 Autoreclose Function Alarms 1396.1 AR No Sys Check 1396.2 AR CB Unhealthy 1396.3 AR Lockout 1397 Autoreclose Operation 1407.1 Operating Modes 1407.1.1 Four-Position Selector Switch Implementation 1417.1.2 Operating Mode Selection Logic 1427.2 Autoreclose Initiation 1427.2.1 Start Signal Logic 1437.2.2 Trip Signal Logic 1437.2.3 Blocking Signal Logic 1447.2.4 Shots Exceeded Logic 1447.2.5 AR Initiation Logic 1457.3 Blocking Instantaneous Protection for Selected Trips 1457.4 Blocking Instantaneous Protection for Lockouts 1477.5 Dead Time Control 148

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7.5.1 AR CB Close Control 1497.6 AR System Checks 1507.7 Reclaim Timer Initiation 1517.8 Autoreclose Inhibit 1527.9 Autoreclose Lockout 1537.10 Sequence Co-ordination 1557.11 System Checks for First Reclose 1568 Setting Guidelines 1578.1 Number of Shots 1578.2 Dead Timer Setting 1578.2.1 Stability and Synchronism Requirements 1578.2.2 Operational Convenience 1578.2.3 Load Requirements 1588.2.4 Circuit Breaker 1588.2.5 Fault De-ionisation Time 1588.2.6 Protection Reset Time 1588.3 Reclaim Timer Setting 159

Chapter 9 Monitoring and Control 1611 Chapter Overview 1632 Event Records 1642.1 Event Types 1642.1.1 Opto-input Events 1652.1.2 Contact Events 1652.1.3 Alarm Events 1652.1.4 Fault Record Events 1662.1.5 Maintenance Events 1662.1.6 Protection Events 1672.1.7 Security Events 1672.1.8 Platform Events 1673 Disturbance Recorder 1684 Measurements 1694.1 Measured Quantities 1694.1.1 Measured and Calculated Voltages 1694.1.2 Frequency Measurements 1694.1.3 Other Measurements 1694.2 Measurement Setup 1694.3 Opto-input Time Stamping 1695 CB Condition Monitoring 1705.1 Application Notes 1705.1.1 Setting the thresholds for the Number of Operations 1705.1.2 Setting the thresholds for the Operating Time 1705.1.3 Setting the Thresholds for Excesssive Fault Frequency 1706 CB State Monitoring 1716.1 CB State Monitoring Logic 1727 Circuit Breaker Control 1737.1 CB Control using the IED Menu 1737.2 CB Control using the Hotkeys 1747.3 CB Control using the Function Keys 1757.4 CB Control using the Opto-inputs 1757.5 Remote CB Control 1757.6 Synchronisation Check 1767.7 CB Healthy Check 1767.8 CB Control Logic 1778 System Checks 1788.1 System Checks Implementation 1788.1.1 VT Connections 178

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8.1.2 Voltage Monitoring 1798.1.3 Check Synchronisation 1798.1.4 Check Syncronisation Vector Diagram 1798.1.5 System Split 1808.2 System Check Logic 1818.3 System Check PSL 1828.4 Application Notes 1828.4.1 Slip Control 1828.4.2 Use of Check Sync 2 and System Split 1838.4.3 Predictive Closure of Circuit Breaker 1838.4.4 Voltage and Phase Angle Correction 183

Chapter 10 Supervision 1851 Chapter Overview 1872 DC Supply Monitor 1882.1 DC Supply Monitor Implementation 1882.2 DC Supply Monitor Logic 1893 Trip Circuit Supervision 1903.1 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 1 1903.1.1 Resistor Values 1903.1.2 PSL for TCS Scheme 1 1913.2 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 2 1913.2.1 Resistor Values 1923.2.2 PSL for TCS Scheme 2 1923.3 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 3 1933.3.1 Resistor Values 1933.3.2 PSL for TCS Scheme 3 1943.4 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 4 1943.4.1 Resistor Values 1953.4.2 PSL for TCS Scheme 4 195

Chapter 11 Digital I/O and PSL Configuration 1971 Chapter Overview 1992 Configuring Digital Inputs and Outputs 2003 Scheme Logic 2013.1 PSL Editor 2023.2 PSL Schemes 2023.3 PSL Scheme Version Control 2034 Configuring the Opto-Inputs 2045 Assigning the Output Relays 2056 Fixed Function LEDs 2066.1 Trip LED Logic 2067 Configuring Programmable LEDs 2078 Function Keys 2099 Control Inputs 21010 Inter-PSL Inputs and Outputs 211

Chapter 12 Communications 2131 Chapter Overview 2152 Communication Interfaces 2163 Serial Communication 2173.1 Universal Serial Bus 2173.2 EIA(RS)485 Bus 2173.2.1 EIA(RS)485 Biasing Requirements 2183.3 K-Bus 218

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4 Standard Ethernet Communication 2205 Redundant Ethernet Communication 2215.1 Supported Protocols 2215.2 Parallel Redundancy Protocol 2215.3 High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) 2225.3.1 HSR Multicast Topology 2225.3.2 HSR Unicast Topology 2235.3.3 HSR Application in the Substation 2245.4 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 2255.5 Configuring IP Address 2266 Data Protocols 2276.1 Courier 2276.1.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer 2276.1.2 Courier Database 2286.1.3 Settings Categories 2286.1.4 Setting Changes 2286.1.5 Event Extraction 2286.1.6 Disturbance Record Extraction 2306.1.7 Programmable Scheme Logic Settings 2306.1.8 Time Synchronisation 2306.1.9 Courier Configuration 2316.2 IEC 60870-5-103 2326.2.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer 2326.2.2 Initialisation 2336.2.3 Time Synchronisation 2336.2.4 Spontaneous Events 2336.2.5 General Interrogation (GI) 2336.2.6 Cyclic Measurements 2336.2.7 Commands 2336.2.8 Test Mode 2346.2.9 Disturbance Records 2346.2.10 Command/Monitor Blocking 2346.2.11 IEC 60870-5-103 Configuration 2346.3 DNP 3.0 2356.3.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer 2366.3.2 Object 1 Binary Inputs 2366.3.3 Object 10 Binary Outputs 2366.3.4 Object 20 Binary Counters 2376.3.5 Object 30 Analogue Input 2376.3.6 Object 40 Analogue Output 2386.3.7 Object 50 Time Synchronisation 2386.3.8 DNP3 Device Profile 2386.3.9 DNP3 Configuration 2466.3.10 DNP3 Unsolicited Reporting 2486.4 MODBUS 2486.4.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer 2486.4.2 MODBUS Functions 2486.4.3 Response Codes 2496.4.4 Register Mapping 2496.4.5 Event Extraction 2506.4.6 Disturbance Record Extraction 2516.4.7 Setting Changes 2586.4.8 Password Protection 2586.4.9 Protection and Disturbance Recorder Settings 2586.4.10 Time Synchronisation 2596.4.11 Power and Energy Measurement Data Formats 2606.4.12 MODBUS Configuration 2616.5 IEC 61850 2626.5.1 Benefits of IEC 61850 263

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6.5.2 IEC 61850 Interoperability 2636.5.3 The IEC 61850 Data Model 2636.5.4 IEC 61850 in MiCOM IEDs 2646.5.5 IEC 61850 Data Model Implementation 2656.5.6 IEC 61850 Communication Services Implementation 2656.5.7 IEC 61850 Peer-to-peer (GOOSE) communications 2656.5.8 Mapping GOOSE Messages to Virtual Inputs 2656.5.9 Ethernet Functionality 2666.5.10 IEC 61850 Configuration 2667 Read Only Mode 2687.1 IEC 60870-5-103 Protocol Blocking 2687.2 Courier Protocol Blocking 2687.3 IEC 61850 Protocol Blocking 2697.4 Read-Only Settings 2697.5 Read-Only DDB Signals 2698 Time Synchronisation 2708.1 Demodulated IRIG-B 2708.1.1 Demodulated IRIG-B Implementation 2718.2 SNTP 2718.3 Time Synchronsiation using the Communication Protocols 271

Chapter 13 Cyber-Security 2731 Overview 2752 The Need for Cyber-Security 2763 Standards 2773.1 NERC Compliance 2773.1.1 CIP 002 2783.1.2 CIP 003 2783.1.3 CIP 004 2783.1.4 CIP 005 2783.1.5 CIP 006 2783.1.6 CIP 007 2793.1.7 CIP 008 2793.1.8 CIP 009 2793.2 IEEE 1686-2007 2794 Cyber-Security Implementation 2814.1 NERC-Compliant Display 2814.2 Four-level Access 2824.2.1 Blank Passwords 2834.2.2 Password Rules 2844.2.3 Access Level DDBs 2844.3 Enhanced Password Security 2844.3.1 Password Strengthening 2844.3.2 Password Validation 2854.3.3 Password Blocking 2854.4 Password Recovery 2864.4.1 Password Recovery 2864.4.2 Password Encryption 2874.5 Disabling Physical Ports 2874.6 Disabling Logical Ports 2874.7 Security Events Management 2884.8 Logging Out 290

Chapter 14 Installation 2911 Chapter Overview 2932 Handling the Goods 294

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2.1 Receipt of the Goods 2942.2 Unpacking the Goods 2942.3 Storing the Goods 2942.4 Dismantling the Goods 2943 Mounting the Device 2953.1 Flush Panel Mounting 2953.1.1 Rack Mounting 2953.2 K-Series Retrofit 2973.2.1 Conventions 2993.3 Software Only 2994 Cables and Connectors 3014.1 Terminal Blocks 3014.2 Power Supply Connections 3014.3 Earth Connnection 3024.4 Current Transformers 3024.5 Voltage Transformer Connections 3024.6 Watchdog Connections 3034.7 EIA(RS)485 and K-Bus Connections 3034.8 IRIG-B Connection 3034.9 Opto-input Connections 3044.10 Output Relay Connections 3044.11 Ethernet Metallic Connections 3044.12 Ethernet Fibre Connections 3044.13 USB Connection 3055 Case Dimensions 306

Chapter 15 Commissioning Instructions 3091 Chapter Overview 3112 General Guidelines 3123 Commissioning Test Menu 3133.1 Opto I/P Status Cell (Opto-input Status) 3133.2 Relay O/P Status Cell (Relay Output Status) 3133.3 Test Port Status Cell 3133.4 Monitor Bit 1 to 8 Cells 3133.5 Test Mode Cell 3133.6 Test Pattern Cell 3143.7 Contact Test Cell 3143.8 Test LEDs Cell 3143.9 Red and Green LED Status Cells 3144 Commissioning Equipment 3154.1 Recommended Commissioning Equipment 3154.2 Essential Commissioning Equipment 3154.3 Advisory Test Equipment 3165 Product Checks 3175.1 Product Checks with the IED De-energised 3175.1.1 Visual Inspection 3175.1.2 Insulation 3185.1.3 External Wiring 3185.1.4 Watchdog Contacts 3185.1.5 Power Supply 3185.2 Product Checks with the IED Energised 3195.2.1 Watchdog Contacts 3195.2.2 Test LCD 3195.2.3 Date and Time 3195.2.4 Test LEDs 3205.2.5 Test Alarm and Out-of-Service LEDs 320

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5.2.6 Test Trip LED 3205.2.7 Test User-programmable LEDs 3205.2.8 Test Opto-inputs 3205.2.9 Test Output Relays 3205.2.10 Test Serial Communication Port RP1 3215.2.11 Test Serial Communication Port RP2 3225.2.12 Test Ethernet Communication 3225.2.13 Test Voltage Inputs 3226 Setting Checks 3246.1 Apply Application-specific Settings 3246.1.1 Transferring Settings from a Settings File 3246.1.2 Entering settings using the HMI 3247 Protection Timing Checks 3267.1 Undervoltage Check 3267.2 Connecting the Test Circuit 3267.3 Performing the Test 3267.4 Check the Operating Time 3268 Onload Checks 3288.1 Confirm Voltage Connections 3289 Final Checks 329

Chapter 16 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 3311 Chapter Overview 3332 Maintenance 3342.1 Maintenance Checks 3342.1.1 Alarms 3342.1.2 Opto-isolators 3342.1.3 Output Relays 3342.1.4 Measurement Accuracy 3342.2 Replacing the Unit 3352.3 Cleaning 3353 Troubleshooting 3363.1 Self-Diagnostic Software 3363.2 Power-up Errors 3363.3 Error Message or Code on Power-up 3363.4 Out of Service LED on at Power-up 3373.5 Error Code during Operation 3373.6 Mal-operation during testing 3373.6.1 Failure of Output Contacts 3373.6.2 Failure of Opto-inputs 3383.6.3 Incorrect Analogue Signals 3383.7 PSL Editor Troubleshooting 3383.7.1 Diagram Reconstruction 3383.7.2 PSL Version Check 3393.8 Repair and Modification Procedure 339

Chapter 17 Technical Specifications 3411 Chapter Overview 3432 Interfaces 3442.1 Front USB Port 3442.2 Rear Serial Port 1 3442.3 IRIG-B Port 3442.4 Rear Ethernet Port Copper 3442.5 Rear Ethernet Port - Fibre 3452.5.1 100 Base FX Receiver Characteristics 3452.5.2 100 Base FX Transmitter Characteristics 345

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3 Performance of Voltage Protection Functions 3463.1 Undervoltage Protection 3463.2 Overvoltage Protection 3463.3 Residual Overvoltage Protection 3463.4 Negative Sequence Voltage Protection 3463.5 Rate of Change of Voltage Protection 3474 Performance of Frequency Protection Functions 3484.1 Overfrequency Protection 3484.2 Underfrequency Protection 3484.3 Supervised Rate of Change of Frequency Protection 3484.4 Independent Rate of Change of Frequency Protection 3494.5 Average Rate of Change of Frequency Protection 3494.6 Load Restoration 3505 Performance of Monitoring and Control Functions 3515.1 PSL Timers 3515.2 DC Supply Monitor 3516 Measurements and Recording 3526.1 General 3526.2 Disturbance Records 3526.3 Event, Fault and Maintenance Records 3527 Standards Compliance 3537.1 EMC Compliance: 2004/108/EC 3537.2 Product Safety: 2006/95/EC 3537.3 R&TTE Compliance 3537.4 UL/CUL Compliance 3538 Mechanical Specifications 3548.1 Physical Parameters 3548.2 Enclosure Protection 3548.3 Mechanical Robustness 3548.4 Transit Packaging Performance 3549 Ratings 3559.1 AC Measuring Inputs 3559.2 Voltage Transformer Inputs 35510 Power Supply 35610.1 Auxiliary Power Supply Voltage 35610.2 Nominal Burden 35610.3 Auxiliary Power Supply Interruption 35611 Input / Output Connections 35711.1 Isolated Digital Inputs 35711.1.1 Nominal Pickup and Reset Thresholds 35711.2 Standard Output Contacts 35711.3 Watchdog Contacts 35811.4 Shorting Link 35812 Environmental Conditions 35912.1 Ambient Temperature Range 35912.2 Temperature Endurance Test 35912.3 Ambient Humidity Range 35912.4 Corrosive Environments 35913 Type Tests 36013.1 Insulation 36013.2 Creepage Distances and Clearances 36013.3 High Voltage (Dielectric) Withstand 36013.4 Impulse Voltage Withstand Test 36014 Electromagnetic Compatibility 36214.1 1 MHz Burst High Frequency Disturbance Test 36214.2 Damped Oscillatory Test 362

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14.3 Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge 36214.4 Electrical Fast Transient or Burst Requirements 36214.5 Surge Withstand Capability 36214.6 Surge Immunity Test 36314.7 Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Energy 36314.8 Radiated Immunity from Digital Communications 36314.9 Radiated Immunity from Digital Radio Telephones 36314.10 Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio Frequency Fields 36314.11 Magnetic Field Immunity 36414.12 Conducted Emissions 36414.13 Radiated Emissions 36414.14 Power Frequency 364

Appendix A Ordering Options 365

Appendix B Settings and Signals 367

Appendix C Wiring Diagrams 369

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Table of FiguresFigure 1: Key to logic diagrams 10

Figure 2: Functional Overview 11

Figure 3: Hardware design overview 30

Figure 4: Exploded view of IED 32

Figure 5: 20TE rear panel 33

Figure 6: 30TE Three-MIDOS block rear panel 34

Figure 7: 30TE Two-MIDOS block + communications rear panel 34

Figure 8: 30TE Two-MIDOS block + blanking plate 35

Figure 9: P94V in 20TE case with I/O option A 36

Figure 10: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option A + Ethernet communications 38

Figure 11: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option B 39

Figure 12: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option C 41

Figure 13: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option D 43

Figure 14: P94V in 20TE case with I/O option E 45

Figure 15: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option E + Ethernet communications 46

Figure 16: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option F 48

Figure 17: Front panel (20TE) 50

Figure 18: Front panel (30TE) 51

Figure 19: Software structure 58

Figure 20: Frequency Response (indicative only) 64

Figure 21: Navigating the HMI 72

Figure 22: Default display navigation 74

Figure 23: Undervoltage - single and three phase tripping mode (single stage) 87

Figure 24: Overvoltage - single and three phase tripping mode (single stage) 90

Figure 25: Rate of Change of Voltage protection logic 93

Figure 26: Residual Overvoltage logic 95

Figure 27: Residual voltage for a solidly earthed system 96

Figure 28: Residual voltage for an impedance earthed system 97

Figure 29: Negative Sequence Overvoltage logic 98

Figure 30: Positive Sequence Undervoltage logic 100

Figure 31: Positive Sequence Overvoltage logic 101

Figure 32: Moving Average undervoltage logic 103

Figure 33: Moving Average overvoltage logic 104

Figure 34: Moving Average zero sequence voltage logic 104

Figure 35: Moving Average positive sequence voltage logic 105

Figure 36: Moving Average negative sequence voltage logic 105

Figure 37: Average Voltage Protection blocking 105

Figure 38: Underfrequency logic (single stage) 111

Figure 39: Overfrequency logic (single stage) 113

Figure 40: Power system segregation based upon frequency measurements 114

Figure 41: Independent rate of change of frequency logic (single stage) 116

Figure 42: Frequency-supervised rate of change of frequency logic (single stage) 119

Figure 43: Frequency supervised rate of change of frequency protection 120

Figure 44: Average rate of change of frequency characteristic 121

Figure 45: Average rate of change of frequency logic (single stage) 122

Figure 46: Load restoration with short deviation into holding band 125

Figure 47: Load restoration with long deviation into holding band 126

Figure 48: Load Restoration logic 127

Figure 49: Mapping the external SEF protection signal in PSL 135

Figure 50: Four-position selector switch implementation 141

Figure 51: Autoreclose mode select logic 142

Figure 52: Start signal logic 143

Figure 53: Trip signal logic 143

Figure 54: Blocking signal logic 144

Figure 55: Shots Exceeded logic 144

Figure 56: AR initiation logic 145

Figure 57: Blocking instantaneous protection for selected trips 146

Figure 58: Blocking instantaneous protection for lockouts 148

Figure 59: Dead Time Control logic 149

Figure 60: AR CB Close Control logic 150

Figure 61: AR System Check logic 151

Figure 62: Reclaim Time logic 152

Figure 63: AR Initiation inhibit 153

Figure 64: Overall Lockout logic 154

Figure 65: Lockout for protection trip when AR is not available 155

Figure 66: Fault recorder stop conditions 166

Figure 67: CB State Monitoring logic 172

Figure 68: Hotkey menu navigation 174

Figure 69: Default function key PSL 175

Figure 70: Remote Control of Circuit Breaker 176

Figure 71: CB Control logic 177

Figure 72: Check Synchronisation vector diagram 180

Figure 73: System Check logic 181

Figure 74: System Check PSL 182

Figure 75: DC Supply Monitor zones 188

Figure 76: DC Supply Monitor logic 189

Figure 77: TCS Scheme 1 190

Figure 78: PSL for TCS Scheme 1 191

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Figure 85: Scheme Logic Interfaces 202

Figure 86: Trip LED logic 206

Figure 87: RS485 biasing circuit 218

Figure 88: Remote communication using K-Bus 219

Figure 89: IED attached to separate LANs 222

Figure 90: HSR multicast topology 223

Figure 91: HSR unicast topology 224

Figure 92: HSR application in the substation 225

Figure 93: IED attached to redundant Ethernet star or ring circuit 225

Figure 94: Control input behaviour 237

Figure 95: Manual selection of a disturbance record 253

Figure 96: Automatic selection of disturbance record - method 1 254

Figure 97: Automatic selection of disturbance record - method 2 255

Figure 98: Configuration file extraction 256

Figure 99: Data file extraction 257

Figure 100: Data model layers in IEC61850 264

Figure 101: GPS Satellite timing signal 270

Figure 102: Default display navigation 282

Figure 103: Rack mounting of products 296

Figure 104: Inserting cradle into case 297

Figure 105: Spring-loaded CT shorting contacts 298

Figure 106: MiDOS terminal block 301

Figure 107: Earth link for cable screen 303

Figure 108: 20TE case dimensions 306

Figure 109: 30TE case dimensions 307

Figure 110: RP1 physical connection 321

Figure 111: Remote communication using K-bus 322

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Table of Figures P94V

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INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1

Chapter 1 - Introduction P94V

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1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter provides some general information about the technical manual and an introduction to thedevice(s) described in this technical manual.

This chapter contains the following sections:

Chapter Overview 3Foreword 4Product Scope 6Features and Functions 7Logic Diagrams 9Functional Overview 11

P94V Chapter 1 - Introduction

P94V-TM-EN-7 3

2 FOREWORD

This technical manual provides a functional and technical description of Alstom Grid's P94V, as well as acomprehensive set of instructions for using the device. The level at which this manual is written assumesthat you are already familiar with protection engineering and have experience in this discipline. Thedescription of principles and theory is limited to that which is necessary to understand the product. Forfurther details on general protection engineering theory, we refer you to Alstom's publication NPAG, which isavailable online or from our contact centre.

We have attempted to make this manual as accurate, comprehensive and user-friendly as possible. Howeverwe cannot guarantee that it is free from errors. Nor can we state that it cannot be improved. We wouldtherefore be very pleased to hear from you if you discover any errors, or have any suggestions forimprovement. Our policy is to provide the information necessary to help you safely specify, engineer, install,commission, maintain, and eventually dispose of this product. We consider that this manual provides thenecessary information, but if you consider that more details are needed, please contact us.

All feedback should be sent to our contact centre via the following URL:

http://www.alstom.com/grid/contactcentre/

2.1 TARGET AUDIENCEThis manual is aimed towards all professionals charged with installing, commissioning, maintaining,troubleshooting, or operating any of the products within the specified product range. This includes installationand commissioning personnel as well as engineers who will be responsible for operating the product.

The level at which this manual is written assumes that installation and commissioning engineers haveknowledge of handling electronic equipment. Also, system and protection engineers have a thoroughknowledge of protection systems and associated equipment.

2.2 TYPOGRAPHICAL CONVENTIONSThe following typographical conventions are used throughout this manual.

● The names for special keys appear in capital letters.For example: ENTER

● When describing software applications, menu items, buttons, labels etc as they appear on the screenare written in bold type.For example: Select Save from the file menu.

● Filenames and paths use the courier fontFor example: Example\File.text

● Special terminology is written with leading capitalsFor example: Sensitive Earth Fault

● If reference is made to the IED's internal settings and signals database, the menu group heading(column) text is written in upper case italicsFor example: The SYSTEM DATA column

● If reference is made to the IED's internal settings and signals database, the setting cells and DDBsignals are written in bold italicsFor example: The Language cell in the SYSTEM DATA column

● If reference is made to the IED's internal settings and signals database, the value of a cell's content iswritten in the Courier fontFor example: The Language cell in the SYSTEM DATA column contains the value English


4 P94V-TM-EN-7

http://www.alstom.com/grid/contactcentre/

2.3 NOMENCLATUREDue to the technical nature of this manual, many special terms, abbreviations and acronyms are usedthroughout the manual. Some of these terms are well-known industry-specific terms while others may bespecial product-specific terms used by Alstom Grid. The first instance of any acronym or term used in aparticular chapter is explained. In addition, a separate glossary is available on the Alstom Grid website, orfrom the Alstom Grid contact centre.

We would like to highlight the following changes of nomenclature however:

● The word 'relay' is no longer used to describe the device itself. Instead, the device is referred to as the'IED' (Intelligent Electronic Device), the 'device', or the 'product'. The word 'relay' is used purely todescribe the electromechanical components within the device, i.e. the output relays.

● British English is used throughout this manual.● The British term 'Earth' is used in favour of the American term 'Ground'.

2.4 COMPLIANCEThe device has undergone a range of extensive testing and certification processes to ensure and provecompatibility with all target markets. A detailed description of these criteria can be found in the TechnicalSpecifications chapter.


P94V-TM-EN-7 5

3 PRODUCT SCOPE

The P94V Voltage and Frequency IED has been designed for the protection of a wide range of overheadlines and underground cables for distribution voltage level. The P94V provides integral overvoltage/undervoltage and overfrequency/underfrequency detection.

In addition to the protection features, the devices include a comprehensive range of non-protection featuresto aid with power system diagnosis and fault analysis.

The P94V can be used in various applications, depending on the chosen firmware. There are two differentmodels according to which firmware is installed: P94VB, P94VP

● The P94VB is the base device for general application● The P94VP is for check synchronising applications

● The P94VR provides all the features of the P94VP but also provides Autoreclose functionality

All models are available with a range of Input/Output options, which are described in the hardware designchapter and summarised in the ordering options.

A major advantage of the P40 Agile platform is its backward compatibility with the K-series products. TheP40 Agile products have been designed such that the case, back panel terminal layout and pin-outs areidentical to their K-series predecessors and can be retrofitted without the usual overhead associated withreplacing and rewiring devices. This allows easy upgrade of the protection system with minimum impact andminimum shutdown time of the feeder.

3.1 ORDERING OPTIONSAll current models and variants for this product are defined in an interactive spreadsheet called theCORTEC. This is available on the company website.

Alternatively, you can obtain it via the Contact Centre at the following URL:

www.gegridsolutions.com/contact

A copy of the CORTEC is also supplied as a static table in the Appendices of this document. However, itshould only be used for guidance as it provides a snapshot of the interactive data taken at the time ofpublication.


6 P94V-TM-EN-7

http://www.gegridsolutions.com/contact

4 FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS

4.1 PROTECTION FUNCTIONSThe P94V models offer the following protection functions:

ANSI IEC 61850 Protection Function P94VB P94VP P94VR25 Check synchronising No Yes Yes27 VtpPhsPTUV Undervoltage 3 stages 3 stages 3 stages47 Negative sequence overvoltage Yes Yes Yes59 VtpPhsPTOV Overvoltage 3 stages 3 stages 3 stages59N VtpResPTOV Residual Overvoltage 3 stages 3 stages 3 stages81O FrqPTOF Overfrequency Yes Yes Yes81U FrqPTUF Underfrequency Yes Yes Yes81df/dt Rate of change of frequency (df/dt) Yes Yes Yes81RF DfpPFRC Frequency supervised rate of change of frequency No Yes Yes81RAV DfpPFRC Frequency supervised average rate of change of frequency No Yes Yes81R Load Restoration No Yes Yes81V DfpPFRC Undervoltage blocking of frequency protection Yes Yes Yes

Rate of change of voltage (dv/dt) No Yes Yes79 RREC Autoreclose (3 phases) No No Yes

Programmable curves Yes Yes YesCB Monitoring Yes Yes Yes

86 Latching output contacts (Lockout) Yes Yes Yes

4.2 CONTROL FUNCTIONS

Feature IEC 61850 ANSIPower-up diagnostics and continuous self-monitoring

Fully customizable menu texts

Function keys FnkGGIO

Alternative setting groups (4)

Programmable LEDs LedGGIO

Programmable hotkeys

Watchdog contacts

Read-only mode

NERC compliant cyber-security

Programmable allocation of digital inputs and outputs

Control inputs PloGGIO1

Graphical programmable scheme logic (PSL)

Circuit breaker control, status & condition monitoring XCBR 52

Trip circuit and coil supervision

CT supervision (only for products with VT inputs)

VT supervision (only for products with VT inputs)

Fault locator (only for products with VT inputs) RFLO


P94V-TM-EN-7 7

4.3 MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONSThe device offers the following measurement functions:

Measurement Function DetailsMeasurements(Exact range of measurements depend on the device model)

● Measured currents and calculated sequenceand RMS currents

● Measured voltages and calculated sequenceand RMS voltages

● Power and energy quantities● Peak, fixed and rolling demand values● Frequency measurements● Others measurements

Disturbance records (waveform capture, oscillography)Channels / duration each or total / samples per cycle 9 / 10, 5 / 24

Fault Records 10

Maintenance Records 10

Event Records / Event logging 2048

Time Stamping of Opto-inputs Yes

4.4 COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONSThe device offers the following communication functions:

Communication Function DetailsLocal HMI YesMulti-language HMI (English, French, German, Italian,Portuguese, Spanish, Russian)

Yes

Front port USB1st rear port RS485 or IRIG-B2nd rear port (optional) RS485 or IRIG-B or single channel Ethernet or dual redundant EthernetSeriall Protocols available IEC 60870-5-103, MODBUS, Courier, DNP3Ethernet Protocols available IEC 61850, DNP3 over Ethernet, PRP, HSRVirtual inputs 32Cyber-security YesEnhanced Studio (S1 Agile) Yes


8 P94V-TM-EN-7

5 LOGIC DIAGRAMS

This technical manual contains many logic diagrams, which should help to explain the functionality of thedevice. Although this manual has been designed to be as specific as possible to the chosen product, it maycontain diagrams, which have elements applicable to other products. If this is the case, a qualifying note willaccompany the relevant part.

The logic diagrams follow a convention for the elements used, using defined colours and shapes. A key tothis convention is provided below. We recommend viewing the logic diagrams in colour rather than in blackand white. The electronic version of the technical manual is in colour, but the printed version may not be. Ifyou need coloured diagrams, they can be provided on request by calling the contact centre and quoting thediagram number.


P94V-TM-EN-7 9

V00063

Key:

DDB Signal

Internal function

&AND gate

OR gate 1

Setting cell

Setting value Timer

SR LatchReset Dominant

Internal Signal

0Logic 0

Comparator for detecting overvalues

Energising Quantity

Hardcoded setting

RDQ

S

Comparator for detecting undervalues

Switch

Measurement Cell

Derived setting

SR Latch

HMI key

Pulse / Latch

Connection / Node Inverted logic input

Soft switch

Latched on positive edge

XMultiplier

2

1

NOT gate

XORXOR gate

RQ

S

Internal Calculation

Switch

Bandpass filter

Figure 1: Key to logic diagrams


10 P94V-TM-EN-7

6 FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW

Communication

V00003

27 47 6767N59

59N

81O81U81R81V

81RF81RAV81df/dt

86 51V

V

Disturb. recordsMeasurements

Fault recordsLocal USBRS485

Digital I /OOpto-inputs

Relay outputs IRIG-B

25

Event records

dV/dT

CBControl

Figure 2: Functional Overview


P94V-TM-EN-7 11


12 P94V-TM-EN-7

SAFETY INFORMATION

CHAPTER 2

Chapter 2 - Safety Information P94V

14 P94V-TM-EN-7

1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter provides information about the safe handling of the equipment. The equipment must be properlyinstalled and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition and to keep personnel safe at all times. Youmust be familiar with information contained in this chapter before unpacking, installing, commissioning, orservicing the equipment.


Chapter Overview 15Health and Safety 16Symbols 17Installation, Commissioning and Servicing 18Decommissioning and Disposal 23Standards Compliance 24

P94V Chapter 2 - Safety Information

P94V-TM-EN-7 15

2 HEALTH AND SAFETY

Personnel associated with the equipment must be familiar with the contents of this Safety Information.

When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages are present in certain parts of the equipment.Improper use of the equipment and failure to observe warning notices will endanger personnel.

Only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment. Qualified personnel are individuals who are:

● familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and the system to which itis being connected.

● familiar with accepted safety engineering practises and are authorised to energise and de-energiseequipment in the correct manner.

● trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering practises● trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

The documentation provides instructions for installing, commissioning and operating the equipment. Itcannot, however cover all conceivable circumstances. In the event of questions or problems, do not take anyaction without proper authorisation. Please contact your local sales office and request the necessaryinformation.


16 P94V-TM-EN-7

3 SYMBOLS

Throughout this manual you will come across the following symbols. You will also see these symbols onparts of the equipment.

Caution:Refer to equipment documentation. Failure to do so could result in damage tothe equipment

Warning:Risk of electric shock

Earth terminal. Note: This symbol may also be used for a protective conductor (earth) terminal if thatterminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly.

Protective conductor (earth) terminal

Instructions on disposal requirements

Note:The term 'Earth' used in this manual is the direct equivalent of the North American term 'Ground'.


P94V-TM-EN-7 17

4 INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING

4.1 LIFTING HAZARDSMany injuries are caused by:

● Lifting heavy objects● Lifting things incorrectly● Pushing or pulling heavy objects● Using the same muscles repetitively

Plan carefully, identify any possible hazards and determine how best to move the product. Look at otherways of moving the load to avoid manual handling. Use the correct lifting techniques and Personal ProtectiveEquipment (PPE) to reduce the risk of injury.

4.2 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Caution:All personnel involved in installing, commissioning, or servicing this equipmentmust be familiar with the correct working procedures.

Caution:Consult the equipment documentation before installing, commissioning, orservicing the equipment.

Caution:Always use the equipment as specified. Failure to do so will jeopardise theprotection provided by the equipment.

Warning:Removal of equipment panels or covers may expose hazardous live parts. Donot touch until the electrical power is removed. Take care when there isunlocked access to the rear of the equipment.

Warning:Isolate the equipment before working on the terminal strips.

Warning:Use a suitable protective barrier for areas with restricted space, where there is arisk of electric shock due to exposed terminals.

Caution:Disconnect power before disassembling. Disassembly of the equipment mayexpose sensitive electronic circuitry. Take suitable precautions againstelectrostatic voltage discharge (ESD) to avoid damage to the equipment.


18 P94V-TM-EN-7

Caution:NEVER look into optical fibres or optical output connections. Always use opticalpower meters to determine operation or signal level.

Caution:Testing may leave capacitors charged to dangerous voltage levels. Dischargecapacitors by rediucing test voltages to zero before disconnecting test leads.

Caution:Operate the equipment within the specified electrical and environmental limits.

Caution:Before cleaning the equipment, ensure that no connections are energised. Use alint free cloth dampened with clean water.

Note:Contact fingers of test plugs are normally protected by petroleum jelly, which should not be removed.

4.3 UL/CSA/CUL REQUIREMENTSThe information in this section is applicable only to equipment carrying UL/CSA/CUL markings.

Caution:Equipment intended for rack or panel mounting is for use on a flat surface of aType 1 enclosure, as defined by Underwriters Laboratories (UL).

Caution:To maintain compliance with UL and CSA/CUL, install the equipment using UL/CSA-recognised parts for: cables, protective fuses, fuse holders and circuitbreakers, insulation crimp terminals, and replacement internal batteries.

4.4 FUSING REQUIREMENTS

Caution:Where UL/CSA listing of the equipment is required for external fuse protection, aUL or CSA Listed fuse must be used for the auxiliary supply. The listedprotective fuse type is: Class J time delay fuse, with a maximum current ratingof 15 A and a minimum DC rating of 250 V dc (for example type AJT15).


P94V-TM-EN-7 19

Caution:Where UL/CSA listing of the equipment is not required, a high rupture capacity(HRC) fuse type with a maximum current rating of 16 Amps and a minimum dcrating of 250 V dc may be used for the auxiliary supply (for example Red Spottype NIT or TIA).For P50 models, use a 1A maximum T-type fuse.For P60 models, use a 4A maximum T-type fuse.

Caution:Digital input circuits should be protected by a high rupture capacity NIT or TIAfuse with maximum rating of 16 A. for safety reasons, current transformercircuits must never be fused. Other circuits should be appropriately fused toprotect the wire used.

Caution:CTs must NOT be fused since open circuiting them may produce lethalhazardous voltages

4.5 EQUIPMENT CONNECTIONS

Warning:Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance maypresent a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated.

Caution:Tighten M4 clamping screws of heavy duty terminal block connectors to anominal torque of 1.3 Nm.Tighten captive screws of terminal blocks to 0.5 Nm minimum and 0.6 Nmmaximum.

Caution:Always use insulated crimp terminations for voltage and current connections.

Caution:Always use the correct crimp terminal and tool according to the wire size.

Caution:Watchdog (self-monitoring) contacts are provided to indicate the health of thedevice on some products. We strongly recommend that you hard wire thesecontacts into the substation's automation system, for alarm purposes.


20 P94V-TM-EN-7

4.6 PROTECTION CLASS 1 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

Caution:Earth the equipment with the supplied PCT (Protective Conductor Terminal).

Caution:Do not remove the PCT.

Caution:The PCT is sometimes used to terminate cable screens. Always check the PCT’sintegrity after adding or removing such earth connections.

Caution:Use a locknut or similar mechanism to ensure the integrity of stud-connectedPCTs.

Caution:The recommended minimum PCT wire size is 2.5 mm² for countries whosemains supply is 230 V (e.g. Europe) and 3.3 mm² for countries whose mainssupply is 110 V (e.g. North America). This may be superseded by local orcountry wiring regulations.For P60 products, the recommended minimum PCT wire size is 6 mm². Seeproduct documentation for details.

Caution:The PCT connection must have low-inductance and be as short as possible.

Caution:All connections to the equipment must have a defined potential. Connectionsthat are pre-wired, but not used, should be earthed, or connected to a commongrouped potential.

4.7 PRE-ENERGISATION CHECKLIST

Caution:Check voltage rating/polarity (rating label/equipment documentation).

Caution:Check CT circuit rating (rating label) and integrity of connections.

Caution:Check protective fuse or miniature circuit breaker (MCB) rating.


P94V-TM-EN-7 21

Caution:Check integrity of the PCT connection.

Caution:Check voltage and current rating of external wiring, ensuring it is appropriate forthe application.

4.8 PERIPHERAL CIRCUITRY

Warning:Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage producedmay be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation. Short the secondary ofthe line CT before opening any connections to it.

Note:For most Alstom equipment with ring-terminal connections, the threaded terminal block for current transformertermination is automatically shorted if the module is removed. Therefore external shorting of the CTs may not berequired. Check the equipment documentation and wiring diagrams first to see if this applies.

Caution:Where external components such as resistors or voltage dependent resistors(VDRs) are used, these may present a risk of electric shock or burns if touched.

Warning:Take extreme care when using external test blocks and test plugs such as theMMLG, MMLB and P990, as hazardous voltages may be exposed. Ensure that CTshorting links are in place before removing test plugs, to avoid potentially lethalvoltages.

4.9 UPGRADING/SERVICING

Warning:Do not insert or withdraw modules, PCBs or expansion boards from theequipment while energised, as this may result in damage to the equipment.Hazardous live voltages would also be exposed, endangering personnel.

Caution:Internal modules and assemblies can be heavy and may have sharp edges. Takecare when inserting or removing modules into or out of the IED.


22 P94V-TM-EN-7

5 DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL

Caution:Before decommissioning, completely isolate the equipment power supplies(both poles of any dc supply). The auxiliary supply input may have capacitors inparallel, which may still be charged. To avoid electric shock, discharge thecapacitors using the external terminals before decommissioning.

Caution:Avoid incineration or disposal to water courses. Dispose of the equipment in asafe, responsible and environmentally friendly manner, and if applicable, inaccordance with country-specific regulations.


P94V-TM-EN-7 23

6 STANDARDS COMPLIANCE

Compliance with the European Commission Directive on EMC and LVD is demonstrated by self certificationagainst international standards.

6.1 EMC COMPLIANCE: 2004/108/ECCompliance with EN60255-26:2009 was used to establish conformity.

6.2 PRODUCT SAFETY: 2006/95/ECCompliance with EN60255-27:2005 was used to establish conformity.

Protective Class

IEC 60255-27: 2005 Class 1 (unless otherwise specified in equipment documentation). This equipmentrequires a protective conductor (earth) to ensure user safety.

Installation category

IEC 60255-27: 2005 Overvoltage Category 3. Equipment in this category is qualification tested at 5kV peak,1.2/50 mS, 500 Ohms, 0.5 J, between all supply circuits and earth and also between independent circuits.

Environment

IEC 60255-27: 2005, IEC 60255-26:2009. The equipment is intended for indoor use only. If it is required foruse in an outdoor environment, it must be mounted in a cabinet with the appropriate degree of ingressprotection.

6.3 R&TTE COMPLIANCERadio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) directive 99/5/EC.

Conformity is demonstrated by compliance to both the EMC directive and the Low Voltage directive, to zerovolts.

6.4 UL/CUL COMPLIANCEIf marked with this logo, the product is compliant with the requirements of the Canadian and USAUnderwriters Laboratories.

The relevant UL file number and ID is shown on the equipment.

6.5 ATEX COMPLIANCEIf marked with the logo, the equipment is compliant with article 192 of European directive 94/9/EC. It isapproved for operation outside an ATEX hazardous area. It is however approved for connection to IncreasedSafety, "Ex e", motors with rated ATEX protection, equipment category 2, to ensure their safe operation ingas zones 1 and 2 hazardous areas.


24 P94V-TM-EN-7

Equipment with this marking is not itself suitable for operation within a potentially explosiveatmosphere.

Compliance demonstrated by Notified Body Type Examination Certificate.

ATEX Potentially Explosive Atmospheres directive 94/9/EC for equipment.


P94V-TM-EN-7 25


26 P94V-TM-EN-7

HARDWARE DESIGN

CHAPTER 3

Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P94V

28 P94V-TM-EN-7

1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter provides information about the product's hardware design.


Chapter Overview 29Hardware Architecture 30Mechanical Implementation 32Terminal Connections 36Front Panel 50

P94V Chapter 3 - Hardware Design

P94V-TM-EN-7 29

2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

The main components comprising devices based on the P40Agile platform are as follows:

● The housing, consisting of a front panel and connections at the rear● The Main processor module consisting of the main CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory and an

interface to the front panel HMI (Human Machine Interface)● An I/O board consisting of output relay contacts and digital opto-inputs● Communication modules● Power supply

All modules are connected by a parallel data and address bus, which allows the processor module to sendand receive information to and from the other modules as required. There is also a separate serial data busfor conveying sampled data from the input module to the CPU. These parallel and serial databuses areshown as a single interconnection module in the following figure, which shows typical modules and the flowof data between them.

Communications

Analogue Inputs

I/O

Inter

conn

ectio

n

Output relay module

Opto-input module

CTs

VTs

RS485 module

Ethernet module

Keypad

LCD

LEDs

Front port

Watchdog module

PSU module

Watchdog contacts

+ LED

Auxiliary Supply

IRIG-B module

Proc

esso

r mod

ule

Fron

t pan

el HM

I Output relay contacts

Digital inputs

Power system currents *

Power system voltages *

RS485 communication

Time synchronisation(Optional)Ethernet communication(Optional)

V00200

* No VTs on current-only models. No CTs on voltage-only models

MemoryFlash memory for all settings and records

Super capacitor -backed DRAM

for real-time clock

Figure 3: Hardware design overview

2.1 MEMORY AND REAL TIME CLOCKThe IED contains flash memory for storing the following operational information:

● Fault, Maintenance and Disturbance Records● Events● Alarms● Measurement values● Latched trips● Latched contacts


30 P94V-TM-EN-7

Flash memory is non-volatile and therefore no backup battery is required.

A dedicated Supercapacitor keeps the on board real time clock operational for up to four days after powerdown.


P94V-TM-EN-7 31

3 MECHANICAL IMPLEMENTATION

All products based on the P40Agile platform have common hardware architecture. The hardware comprisestwo main parts; the cradle and the housing.

The cradle consists of the front panel which is attached to a carrier board into which all of the hardwareboards and modules are connected. The products have been designed such that all the boards and modulescomprising the product are fixed into the cradle and are not intended to be removed or inserted after theproduct has left the factory.

The housing comprises the housing metalwork and connectors at the rear into which the boards in the cradleplug into.

Figure 4: Exploded view of IED

3.1 HOUSING VARIANTSThe P40 Agile range of products are implemented in one of two case sizes. Case dimensions for industrialproducts usually follow modular measurement units based on rack sizes. These are: U for height and TE forwidth, where:

● 1U = 1.75 inches = 44.45 mm● 1TE = 0.2 inches = 5.08 mm

The products are available in panel-mount or standalone versions. All products are nominally 4U high. Thisequates to 177.8 mm or 7 inches.

The cases are pre-finished steel with a conductive covering of aluminium and zinc. This provides goodgrounding at all joints, providing a low resistance path to earth that is essential for performance in thepresence of external noise.

The case width depends on the product type and its hardware options. There are two different case widthsfor the described range of products: 20TE and 30TE. The products in the P40Agile range can be used as a


32 P94V-TM-EN-7

K-series refit and the cases, cradle, and pin-outs are completely inter-compatible. The case dimensions andcompatibility criteria are as follows:

Case width (TE) Case width (mm) Equivalent K series Products20TE 102.4 mm (4 inches) KCGG140/142 P14N

30TE 154.2 mm (6 inches) KCEG140/142 P14N (with extra I/O), P14D

3.2 20TE REAR PANELThe 20TE rear panel consists of two MIDOS heavy duty terminal blocks.

Figure 5: 20TE rear panel

3.3 30TE REAR PANELThe 30TE rear panel consists of either:

● Three MIDOS heavy duty terminal blocks● Two MIDOS heavy duty terminal blocks and a communication board● Two MIDOS heavy duty terminal blocks and a blanking panel


P94V-TM-EN-7 33

Figure 6: 30TE Three-MIDOS block rear panel

Figure 7: 30TE Two-MIDOS block + communications rear panel


34 P94V-TM-EN-7

Figure 8: 30TE Two-MIDOS block + blanking plate


P94V-TM-EN-7 35

4 TERMINAL CONNECTIONS

4.1 I/O OPTIONS

Component I/O option A I/O option B I/O option C I/O option D I/O option E I/O option F

Digital inputs8(1 group of 3 and1 group of 5)

11(2 groups of 3 and1 group of 5)

11(1 group of 3, 1 groupof 5 and 3 individual)

13(1 group of 3 and2 groups of 5)

3(1 group of 3)

6(1 group of 3 and3 individual)

Output relays 8(NO)12(NO)

12(11 NO, 1 NC)

12(NO)

4(NO)

8(5 NO, 1 NC)

Note:I/O options C and F are suitable for Trip Circuit Supervision (TCS) applications.

4.2 P94V HARDWARE CONFIGURATION 1

35

33

39

37

43

41

47

45

51

49

55

53

31

29

36

34

40

38

44

42

48

46

52

50

56

54

32

30

7

5

11

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25

3

1

8

6

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10

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18

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22

28

26

4

PSU

WatchDog

RL4

RL5

RL6

RL7

RL8

RL1

RL2

RL3

L8

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

L7

Va

Vc

Vb

Vcs

SCN

E00212

Figure 9: P94V in 20TE case with I/O option A

4.2.1 TERMINAL BLOCK LEFT

Terminal Description1 Earth

2 Not used

3 + 5 Watchdog, normally closed

4 + 6 Watchdog, normally open

7 to 12 Not used

13 + 14 Power Supply Unit


36 P94V-TM-EN-7

Terminal Description15 + 16 Voltage Transformer Vcs

17+18 Voltage Transformer Va and Vb

19 + 20 Voltage Transformer Vc

21 to 28 Not used

4.2.2 TERMINAL BLOCK RIGHT

Terminal Description30 + 32 Relay 1, normally open

34 + 36 Relay 2, normally open







46 + 52 Opto-input L1 (group 1)








54 + 56 EIA(RS)485 or Demodulated IRIG-B


P94V-TM-EN-7 37


7

5

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9

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13

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27

25

3

1

8

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10

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14

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18

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28

26

4

PSU

WatchDog

RL4

RL5

RL6

RL7

RL8

RL1

RL2

RL3

L8

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

L7

EthernetCommunications

Board

35

33

39

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43

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55

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34

40

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44

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48

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50

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54

32

30

Va

Vc

Vb

Vcs

SCN

E00216

Figure 10: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option A + Ethernet communications



2 Not used



7 to 12 Not used


15 + 16 Voltage Transformer Vcs



21 to 28 Not used









38 P94V-TM-EN-7












4.3.3 ETHERNET CONNECTIVITYThe Ethernet connections are situated between the left and right terminal blocks. The following types ofEthernet board are available:

● Single Ethernet copper and fibre channels with hot standby failover (option 6 in digit 7 of the cortec)● Dual redundant Ethernet copper channel, supported by the PRP and HSR protocols (option E in digit 7

of the cortec)● Dual redundant Ethernet fibre channel, supported by the PRP and HSR protocols (option F in digit 7 of

the cortec)


7

5

11

9

15

13

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17

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21

27

25

3

1

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6

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4

PSU

WatchDog

RL4

RL5

RL6

RL7

RL12

RL1

RL2

RL3

L11

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

L7

35

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49

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30

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81

59

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82

60

58

RL8

RL9

RL10

RL11

L8

L9

L10

Va

Vc

Vb

Vcs

SCN SCN

E00214

Figure 11: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option B


P94V-TM-EN-7 39



2 Not used



7 to 12 Not used





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4.4.3 TERMINAL BLOCK CENTRE









40 P94V-TM-EN-7

Terminal Description82 + 84 EIA(RS)485 or Demodulated IRIG-B

The rest Not used


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E00215

Figure 12: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option C



2 Not used



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P94V-TM-EN-7 41




















70 + 72 Relay 12, normally closed

74 + 76 Opto-input L9



The rest Not used


42 P94V-TM-EN-7


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E00213

Figure 13: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option D



2 Not used



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P94V-TM-EN-7 43






















The rest Not used


44 P94V-TM-EN-7


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E00268

Figure 14: P94V in 20TE case with I/O option E



2 Not used



7 to 12 Not used





21 to 28 Not used






29 + 31 Not used

33 + 35 Not used

37 + 39 Not used


P94V-TM-EN-7 45

Terminal Description41 + 43 Not used




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Figure 15: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option E + Ethernet communications



2 Not used



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46 P94V-TM-EN-7

Terminal Description19 + 20 Voltage Transformer Vc

21 to 28 Not used






29 + 31 Not used

33 + 35 Not used

37 + 39 Not used

41 + 43 Not used




45 + 55 Not used

47 + 55 Not used

49 + 55 Not used

51 + 55 Not used

53 + 55 Not used


4.8.3 ETHERNET CONNECTIVITYThe Ethernet connections are situated between the left and right terminal blocks. The following types ofEthernet board are available:

● Single Ethernet copper and fibre channels with hot standby failover (option 6 in digit 7 of the cortec)● Dual redundant Ethernet copper channel, supported by the PRP and HSR protocols (option E in digit 7

of the cortec)● Dual redundant Ethernet fibre channel, supported by the PRP and HSR protocols (option F in digit 7 of

the cortec)


P94V-TM-EN-7 47


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EN00269

Figure 16: P94V in 30TE case with I/O option F



2 Not used



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21 to 28 Not used






29 + 31 Not used

33 + 35 Not used


48 P94V-TM-EN-7

Terminal Description37 + 39 Not used

41 + 43 Not used




45 + 55 Not used

47 + 55 Not used

49 + 55 Not used

51 + 55 Not used

53 + 55 Not used






70 + 72 Relay 8, normally closed




The rest Not used


P94V-TM-EN-7 49

5 FRONT PANEL

5.1 20TE FRONT PANEL

Figure 17: Front panel (20TE)

The figures show the front panels for the 20TE variant.

It consists of:

● LCD display● Keypad● USB port● 4 x fixed function tri-colour LEDs● 4 x programmable tri-colour LEDs


50 P94V-TM-EN-7

5.2 30TE FRONT PANEL

Figure 18: Front panel (30TE)

The figures show the front panels for the 30TE variant.

It consists of:

● LCD display● Keypad● USB port● 4 x fixed function tri-colour LEDs● 8 x programmable tri-colour LEDs● 3 x function keys● 3 x tri-colour LEDs for the function keys

5.3 KEYPADThe keypad consists of the following keys:

4 arrow keys to navigate the menus (organised around the Enterkey)

An enter key for executing the chosen option


P94V-TM-EN-7 51

A clear key for clearing the last command

A read key for viewing larger blocks of text (arrow keys now usedfor scrolling)

2 hot keys for scrolling through the default display and for controlof setting groups. These are situated directly below the LCDdisplay.

5.4 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYThe LCD is a high resolution monochrome display with 16 characters by 3 lines and controllable back light.

5.5 USB PORTThe USB port is situated on the front panel in the bottom left hand corner, and is used to communicate with alocally connected PC. It has two main purposes:

● To transfer settings information to/from the PC from/to the device.● For downloading firmware updates and menu text editing.

The port is intended for temporary connection during testing, installation and commissioning. It is notintended to be used for permanent SCADA communications. This port supports the Courier communicationprotocol only. Courier is a proprietary communication protocol to allow communication with a range ofprotection equipment, and between the device and the Windows-based support software package.

You can connect the unit to a PC with a USB cable up to 5 m in length.

The inactivity timer for the front port is set to 15 minutes. This controls how long the unit maintains its level ofpassword access on the front port. If no messages are received on the front port for 15 minutes, anypassword access level that has been enabled is cancelled.

Note:The front USB port does not support automatic extraction of event and disturbance records, although this data can beaccessed manually.

Caution:When not in use, always close the cover of the USB port to preventcontamination.


52 P94V-TM-EN-7

5.6 FIXED FUNCTION LEDSFour fixed-function LEDs on the left-hand side of the front panel indicate the following conditions.

● Trip (Red) switches ON when the IED issues a trip signal. It is reset when the associated fault recordis cleared from the front display. Also the trip LED can be configured as self-resetting.

● Alarm (Yellow) flashes when the IED registers an alarm. This may be triggered by a fault, event ormaintenance record. The LED flashes until the alarms have been accepted (read), then changes toconstantly ON. When the alarms are cleared, the LED switches OFF.

● Out of service (Yellow) is ON when the IED's functions are unavailable.● Healthy (Green) is ON when the IED is in correct working order, and should be ON at all times. It goes

OFF if the unit’s self-tests show there is an error in the hardware or software. The state of the healthyLED is reflected by the watchdog contacts at the back of the unit.

5.7 FUNCTION KEYSThe programmable function keys are available for custom use for some models.

Factory default settings associate specific functions to these keys, but by using programmable scheme logic,you can change the default functions of these keys to fit specific needs. Adjacent to these function keys areprogrammable LEDs, which are usually set to be associated with their respective function keys.

5.8 PROGRAMABLE LEDSThe device has a number of programmable LEDs. All of the programmable LEDs on the unit are tri-colourand can be set to RED, YELLOW or GREEN.

In the 20TE case, four programmable LEDs are available. In 30TE, eight are available.


P94V-TM-EN-7 53


54 P94V-TM-EN-7

SOFTWARE DESIGN

CHAPTER 4

Chapter 4 - Software Design P94V

56 P94V-TM-EN-7

1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

This chapter describes the software design of the IED.


Chapter Overview 57Software Design Overview 58System Level Software 59Platform Software 62Protection and Control Functions 63

P94V Chapter 4 - Software Design

P94V-TM-EN-7 57

2 SOFTWARE DESIGN OVERVIEW

The range of products based on the P40 Agile platform can be conceptually categorised into severalelements as follows:

● The system level software● The platform software● The protection and control software

These elements are not distinguishable to the user, and the distinction is made purely for the purposes ofexplanation.

V00300

Reco

rds

Prot

ectio

n an

d co

ntrol

settin

gs

Protection and Control Software Layer

Fault locatortask

Disturbance recorder task

Sampling function

Control of output contacts and programmable LEDs

Sample data + digital logic inputs

System Level Software LayerSystem services (e.g. device drivers) / Real time operating system / Self-diagnostic software

Control of interfaces to keypad , LCD, LEDs, front & rear ports.Self-checking maintenance records

Hardware Device LayerLEDs / LCD / Keypad / Memory / FPGA

Protection Task

Programmable & fixed scheme logic

Fourier signal processing

Protection algorithms

Supervisor task

Platform Software Layer

Event, fault, disturbance,

maintenance record logging

Remote communications

interfaces

Front panel interface

(LCD + Keypad)

Local communications

interfaces

Settings database

Figure 19: Software structure

The software can be divided into a number of functions as illustrated above. Each function is further brokendown into a number of separate tasks. These tasks are then run according to a scheduler. They are run ateither a fixed rate or they are event driven. The tasks communicate with each other as required.

Chapter 4 - Software Design P94V

58 P94V-TM-EN-7

3 SYSTEM LEVEL SOFTWARE

3.1 REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMThe real-time operating system is used to schedule the processing of the various tasks. This ensures thatthey are processed in the time available and in the desired order of priority. The operating system also playsa part in controlling the communication between the software tasks.

3.2 SYSTEM SERVICES SOFTWAREThe system services software provides the layer between the hardware and the higher-level functionality ofthe platform software and the protection and control software. For example, the system services softwareprovides drivers for items such as the LCD display, the keypad and the remote communication ports. It alsocontrols things like the booting of the processor and the downloading of the processor code into RAM atstartup.

3.3 SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWAREThe device includes several self-monitoring functions to check the operation of its hardware and softwarewhile in service. If there is a problem with the hardware or software, it should be able to detect and report theproblem, and attempt to resolve the problem by performing a reboot. In this case, the device would be out ofservice for a short time, during which the ‘Healthy’ LED on the front of the device is switched OFF and thewatchdog contact at the rear is ON. If the restart fails to resolve the problem, the unit takes itself permanentlyout of service; the ‘Healthy’ LED stays OFF and watchdog contact stays ON.

If a problem is detected by the self-monitoring functions, the device attempts to store a maintenance recordto allow the nature of the problem to be communicated to the user.

The self-monitoring is implemented in two stages: firstly a thorough diagnostic check which is performed onboot-up, and secondly a continuous self-checking operation, which checks the operation of the criticalfunctions whilst it is in service.

3.4 STARTUP SELF-TESTINGThe self-testing takes a few seconds to complete, during which time the IED's measurement, recording,control, a

MiCOM P40 Agile P94V - GE Grid Solutions · 4.7 Live/Dead Ccts OK (Live/Dead Circuits OK) 134 4.8...

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