stress andwell-being

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Define stress and distinguish among different types of stress.

Understand how the human body reacts to stress and be able to identify the signs of suffering from too much stress.

Describe two important models of workplace stress and discuss the most common work-related stressors.

Recognize how different people experience stress.

Explain the individual and organizational consequences of stress.

Discuss methods that associates, managers, and organizations can use to manage stress and promote well-being.

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STRESS

JOB STRESS

STRESS TYPES

Acute Short-term

Reaction to an immediate threat

Chronic Long-term

Reaction to an ongoing situation

Adapted from Exhibit 7-1: Some Stress-Related Conditions

Alertness andExcitement

Increase in Energy

Uneasinessand Worry

Feelings ofSadness

Loss ofAppetite

Immune SystemSuppression

IncreasedMetabolism

Diabetes

High BloodPressure

Loss ofSex Drive

LoweredResistance

Anxiety andPanic Attacks

Depression

EatingDisturbances

Irritability

ACUTE STRESS

CHRONIC STRESS

STRESS… GOOD OR BAD?

Eustress

Positive stress

Energizing

Motivating

Improves performance

Dystress

Negative stress

Physiological problems

Psychological problems

SIGNS OF DYSTRESS

Feel irritable

Sleeping difficulties

Joyless life

Disturbed appetite

Relationship problems

TWO MODELS OF WORKPLACE STRESS

Demand-Control

Workplace demands faced

Control exerted in meeting demands

Effort-Reward Imbalance

Effort required

Rewards received as a result of effort

DEMAND-CONTROL MODEL

Passive

Active(EUSTRESS)

High Strain(DYSTRESS)

Low Strain

Job Demands

Job

Co

ntr

ol High

Low

HighLow

Adapted from Exhibit 7-2: The Demand-Control Model of Workplace Stress

EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE MODEL

Adapted from Exhibit 7-3: The Effort-Reward Imbalance Model of Stress

OvercommitmentOvercommitmentOvercommitmentOvercommitment

High EffortHigh EffortHigh EffortHigh Effort Low RewardLow RewardLow RewardLow Reward

DemandsDemandsObligationsObligationsDemandsDemands

ObligationsObligationsPayPay

EsteemEsteemPayPay

EsteemEsteem

STRESSORS

Role Conflict

Role Ambiguity

Work Overload

Occupation

Resource Inadequacy

Working conditions

Management Style

Monitoring

Job Insecurity

Incivility

PERSONALITY TYPES

Type A

Competitive

Aggressive

Impatient

Type B

Less Competitive

Less Aggressive

Patient

SELF-ESTEEM

High Self-Esteem

Greater well-being

More resistant to stressors

Engage in positive coping behaviors

Low Self-Esteem

Withdrawn

Procrastinate

Less resistant to effects of stressors

Engage in negative coping behaviors

HIGH HARDINESS

Internal commitment to activities

Internal locus of control

Seek challenge

Less negative reactions to stress

GENDER

Women

Seek more ‘emotional’ social support

Seek more ‘instrumental’ social support

Engage in more positive self-talk

Exhibit rumination

Experience more stress in the workplace

INDIVIDUAL CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS

ORGANIZATIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF

STRESS

Adapted from Exhibit 7-4: Managerial Costs of Job Stress

Estimated cost to American industry of job stress $200 billion per year

INDIVIDUAL STRESS MANAGEMENT

ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS MANAGEMENT

• Increase individuals’ autonomy and control

• Ensure individuals are compensated properly

• Maintain job demands/requirements at healthy levels

• Ensure associates have adequate skills to keep up-to-date with technical changes in the workplace

ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS MANAGEMENT

• Increase associate involvement in important decision making

• Improve physical working conditions

• Provide job security and career development

• Provide healthy work schedules

• Improve communication to avoid uncertainty and ambiguity

STRATEGIC LENS

Check out http://wileymanagementupdates.com/ for daily articles related to management in the news .

How can good stress be distinguished from bad stress? How much stress is too much stress?

How can managing stress in an organization contribute to improved strategy implementation and organizational performance?

How much stress do you currently experience? How can reducing your stress increase your performance in school and enhance your life in general?