Metals & Non – Metals

Mohd. Sadiq

Types of Iron

Uses of Iron

Noble Metals

Silicon

Corrosion of Various Metals

Types of Iron Carbon Main Property UsePig Iron (Cast Iron)

3.5 - 4.5% 1. There are traces of impurities of sulphur, phosphorus, manganese,etc..

2. It is a hard form of iron and brittle form of iron with a high carbon content.

Pig iron Used to make pipes, sinks, storage tanks, railings, cylinders, etc..

Wrought Iron Less than 0.08% 1. The purest form of iron2. It is a tough, malleable form of

iron with very little carbon content

Articles like nail, bolt, chains, wire, nets, agricultural tools, etc.. are made from wrought iron

Steel 0.5 - 1.5 % 1. It is a mixture of several metals but most of it is iron.

2. Steel is harder and stronger than iron.

Steel is mainly used in construction of buildings, ships, bridges, railway lines, etc..

Types and Uses of Iron

Types of Iron

Pillar by wrought iron Pig Iron (Cast Iron) Iron Steel Bars

Silicon is chemical element with the symbol Si Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass Over 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making

silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen

It is extensively used in electronic and computer industries It is also used for manufacturing waterproof clothes, greases and polishes

Silicon

Uses of Silicon

Silicon Silicon is used in Solar Panels

Silicon is used in electrical

devices

The metals that do not react to water, acids, alkalis and therefore occur in free state of nature are called noble metals.

Noble metals are mainly used to make ornaments because the are unreactive thus the ornaments do not lose their shine easily.

We also use gold and silver to give a protective coating on other metals by the process of electroplating.

Platinum is used in electrical gadgets. International standards of weight and measures are made up of platinum-iridium alloys.

Noble metals are priced so high that a number of people invest their money to buy them especially when the economy is not doing well

Noble Metals

Use of noble metals

Some example of Noble Metals

Gold Silver Platinum

Corrosion Effect on various metalsSN Metal Corrosion Agent Visual Change Remarks

1 Iron O2, Moisture Gets rusted Loss of material and properties

2 Copper O2, Moisture Surface changes to greenish powder Loss of material and properties

3 Silver O2, Moisture Surface turns black Loss of material and properties

4 Aluminum O2 Forms aluminum oxide The new layer formed prevents aluminum from further more corrosion

5 Copper CO2, Moisture Forms a green coating (mixture of Cu(OH)2 and CuCO3)

Loss of material and properties

6 Silver H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide)

Forms black coating of silver sulphide Loss of material and properties

7 Gold Air No change Use to make Ornaments

8 Platinum Air No change Used to make electronic gadgets

Metal eaten away when exposed to air and moisture

Some Examples of Metal Corrosion

Rusting of Iron Corrosion of Copper

Corrosion of Silver

End of Slides