Ancient Mesopotamia “The Fertile Crescent” Land Between Two Rivers.
Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.
-
Upload
francine-douglas -
Category
Documents
-
view
302 -
download
2
Transcript of Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.
![Page 1: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mesopotamia:The Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia:The Fertile Crescent
Chapter 3 NotesChapter 3 Notes
![Page 2: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent
◊ Fertile Crescent = moon-shaped strip of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf that is excellent farm land• Located in modern-
day Middle East
◊ Fertile Crescent = moon-shaped strip of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf that is excellent farm land• Located in modern-
day Middle East
![Page 3: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MesopotamiaMesopotamia
◊ Mesopotamia = located within the Fertile Crescent, between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers• Rivers were NOT a reliable
source of water (unlike the Nile)
• Ran dry in summer; flooded in spring
• Villages joined together to build dams, canals, and ditches
◊ Mesopotamia = located within the Fertile Crescent, between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers• Rivers were NOT a reliable
source of water (unlike the Nile)
• Ran dry in summer; flooded in spring
• Villages joined together to build dams, canals, and ditches
![Page 4: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Sumerian CivilizationThe Sumerian Civilization
◊ People from Asia arrived in Mesopotamia
◊ Formed 12 city-states = the city and the land surrounding it• Considered the world’s
1st cities◊ Created ziggurats =
stepped pyramids with a temple at the top
◊ People from Asia arrived in Mesopotamia
◊ Formed 12 city-states = the city and the land surrounding it• Considered the world’s
1st cities◊ Created ziggurats =
stepped pyramids with a temple at the top
![Page 5: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Sumerian CivilizationThe Sumerian Civilization◊ Sumerians shared common
culture, language, and religion◊ City-states governed themselves◊ Were theocracies = kings served
as both government leaders AND high priests
◊ Laws regulated the roles of women & men men had far more rights
◊ Sumerians shared common culture, language, and religion
◊ City-states governed themselves◊ Were theocracies = kings served
as both government leaders AND high priests
◊ Laws regulated the roles of women & men men had far more rights
![Page 6: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Sumerian CivilizationThe Sumerian Civilization
◊ Cuneiform = Sumerian system of writing• The
symbols represented complex ideas
◊ Cuneiform = Sumerian system of writing• The
symbols represented complex ideas
![Page 7: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Sumerian CivilizationThe Sumerian Civilization
◊ Scribes were trained to read & write documents and stories• Epic of
Gilgamesh = oldest story in the world
◊ Scribes were trained to read & write documents and stories• Epic of
Gilgamesh = oldest story in the world
![Page 8: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Sumerian CivilizationThe Sumerian Civilization
◊ Practiced polytheism = belief in more than one god• Each city-state had
its own god• Negative outlook
on life and the afterlife
• Believed gods were selfish and had no regard for humans
◊ Practiced polytheism = belief in more than one god• Each city-state had
its own god• Negative outlook
on life and the afterlife
• Believed gods were selfish and had no regard for humans
![Page 9: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sumerian InventionsSumerian Inventions
1. Wagon Wheel2. Arch3. Potter’s Wheel4. Sundial5. 12-month
Calendar6. Metal Plow
1. Wagon Wheel2. Arch3. Potter’s Wheel4. Sundial5. 12-month
Calendar6. Metal Plow
![Page 10: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
First Mesopotamian EmpiresThe AkkadiansFirst Mesopotamian EmpiresThe Akkadians
◊ Empire under Sargon I
◊ Kingdom was called Akkad
◊ Conquered & united all of the Sumerian city-states
◊ Empire fell apart after his & his grandson’s death
◊ Empire under Sargon I
◊ Kingdom was called Akkad
◊ Conquered & united all of the Sumerian city-states
◊ Empire fell apart after his & his grandson’s death
![Page 11: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
First Mesopotamian EmpiresBabylon
First Mesopotamian EmpiresBabylon
◊ Ruled by Hammurabi◊ Strict Code of Laws =
Hammurabi’s greatest achievement• Rules and consequences that
addressed daily life• Law code covered entire region of
Mesopotamia• “Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth”
type of laws• Government assumed the
responsibility of protecting its citizens• People now had laws to protect their
rights & didn’t need to resort to violence
◊ Ruled by Hammurabi◊ Strict Code of Laws =
Hammurabi’s greatest achievement• Rules and consequences that
addressed daily life• Law code covered entire region of
Mesopotamia• “Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth”
type of laws• Government assumed the
responsibility of protecting its citizens• People now had laws to protect their
rights & didn’t need to resort to violence
![Page 12: Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent Chapter 3 Notes.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061410/56649f2e5503460f94c47ff6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
First Mesopotamian EmpiresBabylon
First Mesopotamian EmpiresBabylon
◊ Social classes were similar to the Egyptians, but they had far more slaves
◊ Hammurabi’s empire fell apart after his death
◊ Social classes were similar to the Egyptians, but they had far more slaves
◊ Hammurabi’s empire fell apart after his death