MELJUN CORTES Methods of Teaching in ICT Courses

MELJUN CORTESMELJUN CORTES


At the end of the session, the learners are expected to:

1. differentiate various types of deductive teaching method;

2. Compare and analyze Exploratory teaching methods from expository teaching methods;

Teaching Learning Activities


Teaching Method?


Pedagogy is a different way by which a teacher can teach. It is the art or science of being a teacher, generally referring to strategies of instruction or style of instruction. Resources that help teachers teach better are typically a lesson plan, or practical skill involving learning and thinking skills.

Teaching Method?


Direct Approach

Experiential Approach

Expository Strategies

Deductive

Expository

Demonstrative

Exploratory Strategies

Inductive

Discovery

Inquiry

Laboratory

Problem Solving

Metacognition

Reflective

Project


When to use Expository and Exploratory Strategies


Direct Approach



Deductive

Expository

Demonstrative


Inductive

Discovery

Inquiry

Laboratory

Problem Solving

Metacognition

Reflective

Project


Telling and showing method performed usually by a teacher or a trained student while the rest of the class become observers.


Demonstration Method

Use when


In Data Communication and Networking, technology used or being discussed are sometimes expensive or not available in the laboratory, this can be discussed by showing illustrations of the said apparatus. Apparatus can be shown physically or by computer visualization. The teacher can discuss the parts of the Access Point as shown in the figure and other facts pertaining to the figure.

Demonstration Method Teaching Learning Activity


You could show them presentation to demonstrate the idea that you want to convey to the learners

How will printers look like in the 21st century

Demonstration Method Teaching Learning Activity


Expository or Didactic Method


A telling method where facts , concepts, principles, Generalizations are stated, presented, defined, interpreted by the teacher, and followed by the application or testing of these concepts, principles, and generalizations in new examples generated by students.



Expository Method


Using expository method, the teacher can discuss the ER diagram shown. After discussing the diagram, the teacher can show another example of two entities without attributes then let the students supply them. The example below can be given:

Expository Method Teaching Learning Activity

STUDENTSTUDENT DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENT


Expository Method


Explaining Metropolitan –

Area Network (MANs) can be

done using this illustration. It

will be easier for them to

understand MAN through this

instead of letting them

imagine the setup. The

teacher can discuss how the

MAN works.

Expository Method Teaching Learning Activity


Process of teaching that starts with a rule or General statement that is applied to specific cases / examples.

Used when students are asked to test a rule or further develop it, to answer questions or solve problems by referring to laws, principles, and theories.

Deductive Method


Deductive Method


Deductive Method Learning Outcomes


SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Deductive MethodTeaching Learning Activity

Roles of Business Analyst Identify how technology can improve

business process Design new business process Design the information system Ensure that the system conforms to

Information System Standards




Teacher should explain each items, an example per item will be a great help

Teacher should explain each items, an example per item will be a great help









Examples of businesses that use technology can be shown or cited like the figure shown. Then Let the students name few examples that they already encountered.

Examples of businesses that use technology can be shown or cited like the figure shown. Then Let the students name few examples that they already encountered.










Existing business process can be set as an example, the n let the students thin k of other business process that can be improved in the school or in any other business transaction that they know.

Existing business process can be set as an example, the n let the students thin k of other business process that can be improved in the school or in any other business transaction that they know.

http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.commonvision.com.au/iimages











Steps on how to design an information system can be shown so that students could have an idea how these systems are developed.

Steps on how to design an information system can be shown so that students could have an idea how these systems are developed.










IT standards can be discussed by citing books or evaluation standard samples can also be discussed to the students then cite examples so that students can relate to it.

IT standards can be discussed by citing books or evaluation standard samples can also be discussed to the students then cite examples so that students can relate to it.

http://www.addebook.com/it/uncategorized/the-it-regulatory-and-standards-compliance-handbook-how-to-survive-information-systems-audit-and-assessments_8863.html


Deductive Method Learning Outcomes


The teacher can show presentation like “History of the Internet” to show real life events in the internet specially for freshmen audiences.


History of the Internet


Direct Approach Expository Strategies

Deductive

Expository

Demonstrative


__C__level__C__level


11. Bend over Backwards12. Hole in One13. Two in the Afternoon14. It’s a small World after All15. Up in Smoke16. Sitting on top of the World17. Law of Diminishing Returns18. Count Dracula19. Exterminate20. Below sea level


Experiential Methodologies: Exploratory


Direct Approach



Deductive

Expository

Demonstrative


Inductive

Discovery

Inquiry

Laboratory

Problem Solving

Metacognition

Reflective

Project


Inductive Method


Inductive Method Learning Outcomes


Let the students analyze the figure about the files exchange of the automated election that we had last May 2010. It can be a group activity then let them write their observation then let the group with the best answer discuss the flow before the class if there is still time.

Inductive MethodTeaching Learning Activity

SYSTEMS QUALITY ASSURANCE


Let the students see latest technology today and let them come out with the concept of that technology. Let them write their own concept paper featuring their very own idea.

Inductive MethodTeaching Learning Activity

Current Trends and Issues


A method in which thoughts are synthesized to perceive something that the individual has not know before.

The learner gets directly involved in learning.Learning is a result of the learners own insight,

reflection, and experience.

Discovery Method


Discovery Method


Discovery Method Learning Outcomes


public class findoutputForLoop { public static void main(String[] args) { for(;;)System.out.println("Hello"); }}

public class findoutputForLoop { public static void main(String[] args) { for(;;)System.out.println("Hello"); }}

Discovery Method

Provide around three program samples to the students, let them identify the output, of course its an infinite loop, but let them identify the program logic why it became infinite loop.

http://www.java-examples.com/infinite-loop-example

class ForDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ for(int i=1; i<11; i--){ System.out.println("Count is: " + i); } } }

class ForDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ for(int i=1; i<11; i--){ System.out.println("Count is: " + i); } } }

class WhileDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ int count = 1; while (count < 11) { System.out.println("Count is: " + count); Count--; } } }

class WhileDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ int count = 1; while (count < 11) { System.out.println("Count is: " + count); Count--; } } }


Current Trends and Issues

Discovery MethodTeaching Learning Activity

Ask the students to watch the video then ask them about their experiences with the current trend presented in the video.


An on going process that enables individuals to continually learn from their own experiences by considering alternative interpretations of situations, generating and+ evaluating goals, and examining experiences in the light of alternative goals and hypothesis

Reflective Method


Concrete Experience

Observation and Analysis

Abstract Reconceptualization

Active Experimentation


Reflective Method


In the systems development life cycle, the students can write their actual experience per phase. If you’ve come to notice, students normally copy the definition of the phases per phase but they could actually discuss this the way how they experience things during systems development.

Reflective MethodTeaching Learning Activity


Problem solving is any purposeful activity that will remove a recognized difficulty or perplexity in a situation through the process of reasoning.

Problem Solving Method



Use this when the goal is:


class WhileDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ int count = 1; while (count < 11) { System.out.println("Count is: " +

count); count++; } }}

Problem Solving MethodTeaching Learning Activity

After discussing the FOR statement in Java, ask the students to review printing of numbers 1 to 10 in using WHILE statement then let them use the FOR statement to generate numbers 1 to 10.

If there were several machine problems given in the WHILE statement, let the students convert it to FOR statement.

After discussing the FOR statement in Java, ask the students to review printing of numbers 1 to 10 in using WHILE statement then let them use the FOR statement to generate numbers 1 to 10.

If there were several machine problems given in the WHILE statement, let the students convert it to FOR statement.


Design and Analysis of Algorithm:

Show video presentation to the students about design and analysis of algorithm. You could ask them how certain actions are being simulated through computer simulations.

Problem Solving MethodTeaching Learning Activity


A significant unit of a problematic nature carried on by students in a lifelike manner in a natural setting. It may be a construction, an enjoyment, a problem, or a learning project.

Project Method


Project Method


After discussing each phase of the Software Development Life Cycle. The students can accomplish tasks per phase and submit documentation of the activities and output that were done during the actual group visit

After discussing each phase of the Software Development Life Cycle. The students can accomplish tasks per phase and submit documentation of the activities and output that were done during the actual group visit

Project MethodTeaching Learning Activity

http://www.lifecyclestep.com/open/407.2TheRoleofanAnalyst.htm


A set of first hand learning activities wherein the individual investigates a problem, conducts experiments, observes processes, or applies theories and principles in a simulated setting.

Laboratory Method


1. To cultivate students’ skills in the basic science processes

2. To enhance higher order thinking skills3. To induct learners to scientific processes

Laboratory Method


Laboratory Method


Information Resource Management

You can ask your students to observe business flow either in the workplace where they are rendering their OJT program, or in any business process that they had undergone already. Ask them to create an automated story board of the process. Ask them to present it before the class for constructive critiquing

Laboratory MethodTeaching Learning Activity


The students can show the given story board example.


This sample story board is the business solution proposed to the client regarding the automation of contract approval flow


public class ArrayAverage { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] numbers = new int[]{10,20,15,25,16,60,100}; int sum = 0; for(int i=0; i < numbers.length ; i++)sum = sum + numbers[i];double average = sum / numbers.length; System.out.println("Average value of array elements is : " + average);}}

public class ArrayAverage { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] numbers = new int[]{10,20,15,25,16,60,100}; int sum = 0; for(int i=0; i < numbers.length ; i++)sum = sum + numbers[i];double average = sum / numbers.length; System.out.println("Average value of array elements is : " + average);}}


After giving an array example to the students, let them work on a problem like the ones given below:

Work on the following problems:• An array program that could sort

5 integers in ascending order • An array program that could sort

5 integers in descending order• An array program that could

spell words backward• an array program that could

count the occurrence of each character.

Work on the following problems:• An array program that could sort

5 integers in ascending order • An array program that could sort

5 integers in descending order• An array program that could

spell words backward• an array program that could

count the occurrence of each character.


Learners are confronted with a puzzling situation and are led to enter into investigative work to solve the problem

How?1. Presentation of a problem / puzzling situation2. Defining problem3. Gathering and appraising information4. Organizing information5. Drawing conclusions6. Evaluating

Inquiry Method


Inquiry Method


Problem: Laptop computers has portable quality but its quiet

heavy and has security issue in public places. How will you design a solution for this type of problem? The video will show the solution, how will you come in between the problem and the solution

Inquiry MethodTeaching Learning Activity


Using the given Venn Diagram, ask the students to prove the Associative Law of Sets:

(AUB )UC = AU(BUC)This can be done by the following

steps:1. Identify the elements per set

using the given in the Venn Diagram

2. Apply the operation on sets required to prove the given property.

Inquiry MethodTeaching Learning Activity

A B

•d

•h

•g

•f

•k

•e

•a

•l

C

•b•c

•f

•j


A teaching approach where learners are trained to become aware of and exert over their own learning by using metacognitive processes.

Metacognitive Teaching Method


Through the use of the following metacognitive processes1. Planning: deciding what my goals are and what

strategies to use to get there2. Deciding: what further knowledge or resources needed3. Monitoring progress along the way.4. Evaluating. evaluating goals and expectations.5. Terminating when the goal has been met.



The students enrolled in thesis class could write their personal plan on writing their thesis using the metacognitive teaching approach format

1. Planning: this could contain the selected focus on the thesis. Proposal writing or concept paper writing

Metacognitive Teaching MethodTeaching Learning Activity


2. Deciding: this could include the algorithm or technology that will be used for the systems development. How to do it should be establish in this phase



3. Monitoring : this should include how the monitoring should be to ensure that the project will be performed as scheduled. The statement of work or the schedule of deliverables can be the basis of the monitoring



5. Terminating: this should include the factor to determine when to stop. If all the modules are accomplished already and system documentation ( users manual ) are also done..





Inductive

Discovery

Inquiry

Laboratory

Problem Solving

Metacognition

Reflective

Project


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1. Coffee Break2. Genie in a bottle3. Six feet below the ground4. Double agent


To be able to map program outcomes to SPUs mission statement;

Write course objective, teaching learning activity, and assessment task for a particular course;

Present course lesson using the selected teaching method.


Taking the mission statement of St. Paul University, write your program outcomes and map it with the universities mission statement

MELJUN CORTES Methods of Teaching in ICT Courses

Technology

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