MedTerm Ch12

Medical LanguageMedical LanguageImmerse YourselfImmerse Yourself

CHAPTER

THIRD EDITION

Medical Language, Third Edition Susan M. Turley

Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved

Male Reproductive Medicine

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

1. Identify the structures of the male genitourinary system.

2. Describe the processes of spermatogenesis and ejaculation.

3. Describe common male genitourinary diseases, laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical procedures, and drug categories.




4. Give the medical meaning of word parts and abbreviations related to the male genitourinary system.

5. Build male genitourinary words from word parts and divide and define male genitourinary words.

6. Spell and pronounce male genitourinary words.




7. Analyze the medical content and meaning of a male reproductive medicine report.

8. Dive deeper into male reproductive medicine by reviewing the activities at the end of this chapter and online at www.MyMedicalTerminologyLab.com.



Multimedia DirectoryMultimedia Directory

Slide 8 Male Reproductive System AnimationSlide 39 Erectile Dysfunction VideoSlide 44 Herpes VideoSlide 45 Gonorrhea VideoSlide 54 Circumcision VideoSlide 58 Vasectomy VideoSlide 61 Medical Technology VideoSlide 62 Medical Technology Career Opportunities

VideoSlide 63 Medical Technology Professional

Organizations Video



Male Reproductive MedicineMale Reproductive Medicine

• The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the male genitourinary system and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat male reproductive diseases

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Figure 12-1 Male genitourinary system.

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Male Reproductive System Male Reproductive System AnimationAnimation

Click on the screenshot to view an animation of the male reproductive system.The animation may require a few seconds before playing.

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Anatomy and PhysiologyAnatomy and Physiology

• External Genitalia Scrotum Testes Epididymides Penis Urethra

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• Internal Genitalia Vas deferens Seminal vesicles Ejaculatory ducts Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands

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• The male genitourinary system shares the urethra with the urinary system and is also known as the urogenital system.

• Purpose is to secrete the male hormones, develop male secondary sexual characteristics, produce spermatozoa, and release spermatozoa.

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Anatomy of the MaleAnatomy of the MaleGenitourinary SystemGenitourinary System

• Scrotum Soft pouch of skin behind the penis and

in front of the legs Few degrees cooler than the core body

temperature

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• Scrotum Muscles in wall of the scrotum contract

or relax to move the scrotum closer to, or farther away from, the body to adjust to temperature changes.

Perineum is the area between the anus and the scrotum

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Figure 12-2 External and internal male genitalia.

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• Testes The scrotum contains the testes or

testicles. Egg-shaped glands about 2 inches in

length Testes are the gonads, or sex glands. Function as part of the male

genitourinary system and the endocrine system

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• Testes Contain the seminiferous tubules that

produce spermatozoa, or sperm Act as endocrine glands; secrete the

hormone testosterone

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• Epididymis A long, tightly coiled tube (over 20 feet)

that is attached to the outer wall of each testis.

Within the epididymis, the head of each spermatozoon is given a cap-like layer of enzymes that helps it penetrate and fertilize the ovum of the female.

Destroys defective spermatozoa

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Figure 12-3 Structures of the testis and penis.

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Figure 12-4 Descent of the testes.

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• Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, and Ejaculatory Duct The vas deferens is a long tube that

receives spermatozoa from the epididymis.

Spermatozoa can be stored in the vas deferens for several months in an inactive state.

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• Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, and Ejaculatory Duct The vas deferens goes behind the

urinary bladder, where it merges with a seminal vesicle.

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• Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, and Ejaculatory Duct The seminal vesicles produce seminal

fluid, which makes up most of the volume of semen.

The ejaculatory duct is a large collecting duct that holds spermatozoa and seminal fluid.

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• Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles, and Ejaculatory Duct The ejaculatory duct enters the prostate

gland, then joins the urethra within the prostate gland.

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• Prostate Gland A donut-shaped gland at the base of the

bladder that produces prostatic fluid. Prostatic fluid contains an antibiotic

substance that kills bacteria and also contains acid phosphatase, an enzyme that breaks the deposit of semen apart and releases the spermatozoa in the woman’s vagina

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• Bulbourethral Glands Small, bulblike glands about the size of

peas, located on either side of the urethra just below the prostate gland

Produce thick mucus that makes up some of the volume of the semen

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• Bulbourethral Glands Mucus helps spermatozoa survive by

neutralizing the acidity of any urine remaining in the urethra at the time of ejaculation and neutralizing the normally acidic environment of the female vagina.

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• Penis Functions as an organ of the male

genitourinary system and the urinary system.

In uncircumcised males, the urethral meatus is covered by the prepuce, or foreskin, of the penis.

Three columns of erectile tissue fill with blood during sexual arousal, causing the penis to become firm and erect

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Physiology of Spermatogenesis, Physiology of Spermatogenesis, Sexual Maturity, and EjaculationSexual Maturity, and Ejaculation

• Spermatogenesis At the onset of puberty, the anterior

pituitary gland in the brain begins to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to stimulate the testes.

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• Spermatogenesis FSH causes the seminiferous tubes to

enlarge and stimulates spermatocytes in the testes to begin dividing.

LH stimulates the interstitial cells to begin to secrete testosterone.

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• Sexual Maturity Testosterone causes the male sexual

characteristics to develop:• Enlargement of the external genitalia• Development of large muscles• Deepening of the voice• Growth of body hair on the face, chest,

axillae, and genital area• Development of the sexual drive.

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Figure 12-5 Testosterone.

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• Ejaculation Thoughts or sensations initiate sexual

arousal. Smooth muscle relaxes in the wall of

arteries in the penis, and vasodilation increases blood flow within the penis.

The corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum distend with blood and produce an erection.

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• Ejaculation Muscles at the base of the penis

contract. Spermatozoa mix with seminal fluid,

move into the urethra, and are mixed with mucus from the bulbourethral glands.

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• Ejaculation A series of contractions cause semen to

be expelled from the penis through the urethral meatus in a process called ejaculation.

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DiseasesDiseases

• Testis and Epididymis Cryptorchidism Epididymitis Infertility Oligospermia Orchitis Testicular cancer Varicocele

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Figure 12-6 Oligospermia.SPL/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

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DiseasesDiseases

• Prostate Gland Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Cancer of the prostate gland Prostatitis

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DiseasesDiseases

• Penis Balanitis Chordee Dyspareunia Erectile dysfunction (ED) Phimosis Premature ejaculation Priapism Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

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Erectile Dysfunction VideoErectile Dysfunction Video

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of erectile dysfunction.

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Table 12-1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

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Table 12-1 (continued) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

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Figure 12-7 Genital warts in a male and female.(left) Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc.; (right) Biophoto Associates/Custom

Medical Stock Photo

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Herpes VideoHerpes Video

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of herpes.

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Gonorrhea VideoGonorrhea Video

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of gonorrhea.

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DiseasesDiseases

• Male Breast Gynecomastia

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mast/o-

-ia

gynec/o- = female; woman

= breast; mastoid process

= condition; state; thing



Laboratory and Diagnostic Laboratory and Diagnostic ProceduresProcedures

• Blood Tests Acid phosphatase Hormone testing Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Syphilis testing

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• Semen Tests Acid phosphatase DNA analysis Semen analysis

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Figure 12-8 Spermatozoa.John Walsh/Photo Researchers, Inc.

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• Radiologic Tests ProstaScint scan Ultrasonography

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son/o-

-graphy

ultra- = beyond; higher

= sound

= process of recording



Medical and Surgical ProceduresMedical and Surgical Procedures

• Medical Procedures Digital rectal examination (DRE) Newborn genital examination Testicular self-examination (TSE)

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Figure 12-9 Newborn scrotal examination.

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• Surgical Procedures Biopsy Circumcision Orchiectomy Orchiopexy Penile implant

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Circumcision VideoCircumcision Video

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• Surgical Procedures Prostatectomy Transurethral resection of the prostate

(TURP) Vasectomy

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Figure 12-10 Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

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Figure 12-11 Laser for prostate surgery.K Glaser & Associates/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

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Vasectomy VideoVasectomy Video

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Drug CategoriesDrug Categories

• These categories of drugs are used to treat male genitourinary diseases: Androgen drugs Antibiotic drugs Antiviral drugs, antiretroviral drugs Drugs for benign prostatic hypertrophy Drugs for erectile dysfunction

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AbbreviationsAbbreviations

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndromeBPH benign prostatic hypertrophyCDCP Centers for Disease Control and PreventionThe abbreviation for its older name—Centers forDiseaseControl (CDC)—is still used.DRE digital rectal examinationED erectile dysfunctionFSH follicle-stimulating hormoneGC gonococcus (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)GU genitourinaryHIV human immunodeficiency virusHoLAP holmium laser ablation of the prostateHPV human papillomavirusHSV herpes simplex virus

LH luteinizing hormonePAP prostatic acid phosphatasePSA prostate-specific antigenPVP photoselective vaporization of the prostateRPR rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis)STD sexually transmitted diseaseTRUS transrectal ultrasoundTSE testicular self-examinationTUMT transurethral microwave therapyTUNA transurethral needle ablationTURP transurethral resection of the prostateVD venereal diseaseVDRL Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (test

for syphilis)

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Medical Technology VideoMedical Technology Video

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of careers as a clinical laboratory scientist and blood bank supervisor.

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Medical Technology Career Medical Technology Career Opportunities VideoOpportunities Video

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of careers in medical technology.

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Medical Technology and Medical Technology and Professional Organizations VideoProfessional Organizations Video

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of professional organizations and medical technology.

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Combining Forms Match UpCombining Forms Match Up

1. andr/o-2. balan/o-3. crypt/o-4. orchi/o-5. semin/o-

a. testesb. glans penisc. spermd. malee. hidden

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MedTerm Ch12

Health & Medicine

Transcript of MedTerm Ch12