Medieval Europe 400 CE 1500 CE
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Transcript of Medieval Europe 400 CE 1500 CE
By: Counard
INTRODUCTION
MR. COUNARD’S TOP 10 LIST OF INTERESTING AND FUN FACTS ABOUT
MEDIEVAL EUROPE
# 10…Men in tights…and other questionable fashions
While peasants wore simple clothing…
Nobles dressed to impress
Tights…YES!
From France
It gets worse… Doublet’s (short coats) were all the
rage
Men needed to be more modest
Enter: the codpiece
Are we reliving history?
Can you sit?
Run?
You look ridiculous…
#9…Hair Accessories Wealthy women
never showed their hair
Seen as act of promiscuity
Could be accused of witchcraft
Besides…no shampoo…wrap it up to keep nasty stuff out
# 8…Dumb MTV shows about doing things to hurt yourself
Games that involve hurting/killing others for sport
EX: The Melee
EX: The Joust
Why…cause you’re bored….
#7…The New Jersey State Bird How did a finger come to
be an insult?
100 Years war between England and France
French soldiers cut ‘pluck’ finger off of English archers
To insult French, English displayed Middle Finer
#6…The worst word ever The one word that made
your parents stop and scream!
Scholars debate about origin Could have something to do
with “plucking the yew’ Long bow
Was shortened and anglicized to you know what…DON’T think about even dropping it
#5…Chivalry The idea that men are
supposed to be NICE and courteous to women
Defend a woman’s honor
#4…Satan Beelzebub, Lucifer, the Devil
Immensely popular People ‘knew’ what hell was
People feared going to hell
Why? Mass deaths
Catholic church
#3…Knights and Princesses
Romantic visions… Knights in shining armor Princess waiting for Prince
charming Beautiful castles
In reality….the middle ages was a violent and dirtytime….
Chances are you’d be DEAD before marriage…..
#2…Great Stories…
Action, Romance
Robin Hood
Beowulf
Song of Roland
#1 ½…Castles Europe is a violent
society
Law and order breaks down
Feudal System
Lord offers protection in castle
Castles
#1…Siege Warfare
Where we are in history….Rome has fallen
500 AD
NO law and order
Germanic tribes from Europe expand
Called BARBARIANS
New Kingdoms from GermanyVisigoths
Conquer Italy
Ostrogoths
Conquer Spain
Angles and Saxons
Conquer England
Franks
Conquer France
The Kingdom of the Franks Established by Clovis, 500 AD
Wife was a Christian
Converted to Christianity after a near death experience in battle
Clovis gains support from Catholic Church
Became most powerful kingdom Located in modern day Germany and
France
Baptism in the buff…
Germanic Society Family was very important to society
Lived in extended family groups
Worked together
Family offered protection
Concept of family affected the Germanic system of law
Germanic Law Personal: Eye for an Eye
This turned very violent
Wergild system developed to curb violence Means “money for a man”
Amount paid by wrongdoer to family or person that was injured/killed
Varied by social status
Rich people cost more
“Hey… sorry about Bob...here’s some scratch.”
German Law How to find GUILT?
The Ordeal
Based on idea of divine intervention
AKA: God comes down to intervene if you aren’t guilty
Always involved some sort of painful physical trial
The red hot iron always popular…
The Idea: If you are innocent…the God won’t let you be harmed
How many innocents?
Christianity gets organized Think of the Catholic Church as a business
You need…
A boss
Managers
More Managers
Employees
Product
A way to make $$$
The Role of the Church Church develops system of organization in 4th century
Very organized
Top- down structure
City of Rome becomes Catholic headquarters
AKA The Vatican
Structure of the Church Pope oversees everything
Cardinals are ‘governors’ of church Appointed by Pope, choose next Pope
Archbishops oversees Archdiocese Large number of churches in an area
Makes sure churches follow rules
Bishops oversee dioceses Group of churches in an area
Priests preach to a parish church
The Papacy Grows in Power… Nothing in Bible directly supports
Papacy
People disagreed how much power the Pope should have
Gregory I: AKA Gregory the Great Strengthens the papacy
Very active in converting Germanic tribes to Christianity
Monasteries Monks
MEN who separate themselves from society
Two reasons…
Solace (meditation)
Self-flagellation (self torture)
“If I live on this nasty mountain…I’ll be closer to Jesus.”
Examples… Skellig Michael
Gaelic “Rock of Michael”
Co. Kerry, Ireland
750 Feet Up in the air…2 miles away from shore
Skellig…Monks and Puffins
Beehive huts built by the monks
Puffin poop stinks…they eat fish
Monks and learning
Germanic tribes illiterate
Monks preserved Greek and Roman literature
Established scriptoria
Writing rooms
Copied texts by hand
Called illuminated manuscripts
Illuminated Manuscripts Monks got bored…and doodled….the result…
England in the Middle Ages German tribes ruled England
Leaders were Angles or Saxons
King Harold ruled southern England in 11th century
Conquest of England French King William of
Normandy
Wants to conquer England
Invades on October 14th, 1066
French forces defeat English
Henry II Powerful English King
Increased power of king Used brutal tactics
Developed system of common law
Law that’s standard throughout the whole kingdom
Challenging the King’s Power King John I was very cruel
Nobles wanted their rights protected
Forced King to sign Magna Carta
Limited Kings power
Protected rights of nobles
The Magna CartaInfluential in the development of Democracy and the U.S Constitution
Key Clauses
63) Wherefore we will, and firmly charge…that all men
in our kingdom shall have and hold all the aforesaid
liberties, rights, and concessions…fully, and wholly to
them and their heirs…in all things and places forever…It
is moreover sworn, as well on our part as the part of the
barons, that all these matters aforesaid will be kept in
good faith and without deceit.
Clause 39
No free man shall be taken, imprisoned, disseised, outlawed, banished, or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land
People gain more rights Under the reign of Edward I
Develops Parliament
representative government
Two parts
House of Lords (nobles)
House of Commons (commoners)
Made laws and passed taxes
The French Kingdom The Carolingian (Charlemagne)
dynasty ends
Charlemagne dies
French Kings had little or no power over their noble vassals
The French Kingdom Phillip II Augustus
Ruled 1180-1223
Expanded France
Greatly increased power of French monarchy
Phillip IV France becomes best governed state
The Estates: The French parliament
1st Estate = Clergy
2nd Estate = Nobles
3rd Estate = Townspeople & Peasants
Germany Germany emerges
Leader Otto I
Makes deal with the Pope
Takes title of Holy Roman Emperor
Expanded into Italy
Created tensions between Germans and Italians
The Holy Roman Empire
While kings were invading Italy…
Lost control of their own land
German nobles established their own smaller kingdoms
Unable to conquer Italy so Italy remained fragmented
Both did not become countries until late 1800s
The Byzantine Empire
The Reign of Justinian Roman Empire in East
still survives
Justinian becomes emperor
Wants to return Eastern portion of Roman Empire to glory
Justinian’s accomplishments
Codified Roman law
standardized
The Body of Civil Law
Was in practice until 1543
Became basis for other European systems of law
Byzantine Empire changes…
Justinian's empire grew too large to manage
Much land lost to Muslim armies
What is left?
Land in Balkans and Asia Minor (Turkey)
What is left of Byzantium
The Hagia Sophia The Hagia Sophia
Built 537
Originally church, now a mosque
The Hippodrome Sports/Palace complex
Problems emerge between Byzantium and the Pope Emperor of Byzantium is also patriarch (leader) of
the church
Patriarch and Pope are similar positions
Pope wants to be only leader of church
Patriarch wants to be only leader church
Exchange ‘fighting’ words with each other
The Schism occurs… Schism is a break
The Pope and the Patriarch excommunicate each other EX: Remove each other from the church
Two churches exist Eastern Orthodox (Byzantium)
Roman Catholic Church (Europe)
Things get worse…. Seljuk Turks are a Muslim group from Asia
Move close to Constantinople
Byzantine Emperor Alexius wants to remove them
Asks Europe for help
What happens next??? The Crusades….THE BIGGEST MESS IN HISTORY AND THE
REASON THERE IS HATRED TODAY BETWEEN CHRISTIANS AND MUSLIMS