Unit 7: Government and Politics “The Dark Ages ” (c. 500-1500 CE)
MIDDLE AGES / PRE-RENAISSANCE Middle Ages (AKA medieval times) 500 AD/CE – 1500 AD/CE
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Transcript of MIDDLE AGES / PRE-RENAISSANCE Middle Ages (AKA medieval times) 500 AD/CE – 1500 AD/CE
MIDDLE AGES / PRE-RENAISSANCE
Middle Ages (AKA medieval times) 500 AD/CE – 1500 AD/CECivilization’s “mid-life crisis” – transition from ancient to modern
AD 500 1000 1500 2000 fall of Rome Renaissance
Early Middle Ages (500-1000 AD) known as the Dark AgesBest known for 1. feudalism
2. rise of the Catholic Church
Feudalism – social system based on 1. birth2. land3. loyalty
Most people lived on estates called manors
Kings/lords
Lesser lords
Knights
Peasants/serfs
Feudal contract – agreement between a lord (who gave land) and a vassal (who gave loyalty/service)
Development of chivalry(code of conduct for knights)
10% of Europe’s population were nobles/lords, 90% peasants/serfs
Average life expectancy was 30 years – concern with afterlife
Catholic Church survived the fall of Romeunifying element in Europe (one common factor)acted as the “go-between” for man and Goddetermined salvation
What was required for salvation? 1. faith in God2. good works
Weekly/daily mass sacraments tithing relicsAttendance at Church
Required rituals(baptism, confession)
10% of income pledged to the Church
Remains of saints, holy objects)
Relationship of the Church to feudal lords/kingschurch provided blessing and support for the ruling classeslords/kings collected tithes, provided protection for the Church
Later Middle Ages (1000 AD-1500 AD)Major events/changes 1. Crusades 3. Magna Carta
2. town life 4. Black Death
1096-1204 Crusades (wars of the cross) main issue (cause) control of Holy Land/Jerusalemmain result increased travel/trade between east, wes
Town life population shift to towns/cities – trade opened upsocial mobility ( chance to move up in class)rise of the bourgeoisie 1. merchants
2. bankers3. artisans/craftsmen
1215 Magna Carta (Great Charter) – signed by England’s King John3 essential ideas 1. even kings must follow the law
2. listing of individual rights3. taxation must be fair
1348 The Black Death (bubonic plague) bacteria transmitted by flea bites
Carried on trade ships by rats20-25 million killed – about 1/3 of Europe's population
The Renaissance (about 1350-1650)1. “rebirth” of classical ideas (
)2. remix of classical ideas into modern life
What made the Renaissance possible?
1. Trade between Europe and the Middle East
2. Rise of the bourgeoisie
3. New ways to spread ideas
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
1. 2. 3. 4.
What ideas were at the center of the Renaissance?
Humanism Humanities
CHECKPOINTS 1-1: THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY (pp. 48-54) Name__________________________________
What were the main characteristics of the Renaissance?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why was Italy a favorable setting for the Renaissance?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How were Renaissance ideals reflected in the arts?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How did Renaissance writings express realism?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feared
Loved
Hated
If you’re Machiavelli’s Prince, where do you want to be? Why?
Rate the zones from 1-5, 1 being the best, 5 the worst
CHECKPOINTS 1-2: THE RENAISSANCE IN THE NORTHpp. 56-59Name_______________________________________
What was the impact of the printing press?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What themes did Northern Renaissance artists express?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What Renaissance ideas did Shakespeare’s work address?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DEMAND FOR ART CAME FROM:
• the Catholic Church -- decoration of chapels and cathedrals; illustration of Bible stories and teachings
• city-states -- display of civic pride
• middle classes -- display of wealth; portraits for future generations
NEW MEDIUMS AND TECHNIQUES
PAINTING
• change from watercolor and tempera to oil paints
• perspective -- illusion of 3-dimensional quality
• chiaroscuro -- use of “lighting” effects
SCULPTURE
• return to “free-standing” statues
• larger scales of sculpture and architecture
WOODCUT PRINTS and ETCHINGS
• allowed fine art to be mass-produced
SUBJECTS/THEMES of RENAISSANCE ART
RELIGION -- interpretations of Bible stories
Madonnas -- images of Mary, mother of Jesus
Pieta (Pity) -- images of the death of Christ
saints and other religious figures
HUMANISM -- Greco-Roman styles and stories
allegories -- symbolic works
portraits -- individual
genre painting -- everyday life
RENAISSANCE ART AND ARTISTS
RENAISSANCE ART CHECKLISTWORLD HISTORY -- Mr. Willis Name _____________________________ EARLY RENAISSANCE – most art was religious in nature and told stories Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) Donatello (1386-1466) ___ The Birth of Venus, 1485 ___ St. George, 1417
___ Gattamelata, 1448___ David, 1452
HIGH RENAISSANCE – more classical / humanist ideas, studio system developed, bigger scale Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) (1483-1520) ___ Mona Lisa (La Giaconda), 1504 ___ St. George and the Dragon, 1505 ___ The Last Supper, 1500 ___ La Belle Jardiniere, 1507 ___ various notebook sketches ___ The School of Athens. 1507-1511
___ Baldassare Castiglione, 1504 Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564) ___ Pieta, 1498 ___ Medici family tomb, 1520-1534 ___ David, 1504 ___ The Last Judgment, 1536-1541 ___ Sistine Chapel vault (ceiling), 1508-1512 ___ St. Peter’s Basilica dome, 1546-1564 ___ Moses, 1513 ___ The Deposition of Christ, 1550-1555 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE – realistic portraits; very detailed; symbolism and social comment Jan van Eyck (1370?-1440) ___ The Arnolfini Wedding, 1434 Albrecht Durer (1473-1528) Pieter Breughel (the Elder) (1525-1569) ___ Self-portrait at 28, 1500 ___ The Peasant Wedding, 1567 ___ A Young Hare (watercolor), 1502 ___ Hunters in the Snow, 1565 ___ The Four Horsemen (woodcut), 1498 ___ The Beggars, 1548 ___ The Bagpiper (woodcut), 1514 Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1668) Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) ___ Philosopher in Meditation, 1632 ___ Death and the Miser, 1485?-1490? ___ Self-portraits, 1630s-1680s ___ The Ship of Fools, 1490?-1500? ___ The Three Crosses (etchings), 1653 ___ The Last Judgment, 1500s