Medieval England and France SOL WH1.. England Formerly part of the Roman Empire Settled by many...
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Transcript of Medieval England and France SOL WH1.. England Formerly part of the Roman Empire Settled by many...
England
Formerly part of the Roman Empire
Settled by many groups of people, including Angles and Saxons
Small, isolated island nation
Gradually becomes Christian
Crisis Over the Crown
1066 C.E.—King Edward the Confessor died childless
Conflict over who was to be King of England
Harold Godwinson
Earl of Wessex
Most powerful noble in England
Elected by the nobility and crowned King of England
Harold Hardrada
Viking warrior
King of Norway
Claimed Edward’s predecessor had promised him the crown
William the Conqueror
Duke of Normandy (area of northern France)
Claimed he was promised the crown of England by Edward the Confessor
Invaded England in 1066 C.E.
The Norman Invasion
Battle between Harold Hardrada and Harold Godwinson at York—Godwinson wins!
Battle of Hastings—William the Conqueror defeats Harold Godwinson and becomes King
Blending of French and Anglo-Saxon cultures and language
Reforming the Nation
William the ConquerorMade every subject swear their loyalty to him
Creates an effective system of taxation
Henry IICommon law—legal system based on custom and court rulings
Trial by jury
Magna Carta
King John of England abused his power and levied heavy taxes = rebellion!
1215 C.E.—King John signed the Magna Carta (Great Charter)
Established the Great Council (Parliament), which made all decisions regarding money and taxes
Limited royal power
France
Founded by the Franks—a tribe of farmers and herders from western Europe
Elected kingsClovis, King of the Franks conquered Gaul in 486 C.E.
Converted to Christianity
Age of Charlemagne
Conquered much of the old western Roman Empire
Named “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope
The Church becomes a powerful political force
The Carolingian Renaissance
Renaissance = rebirth
Under Charlemagne, a new age of learning and education emerged
Brought scholars from across Europe to the Palace School at Aachen
Literature, art, architecture, and the liberal arts flourished
France
Charlemagne’s son Louis reunited France
987 C.E. – Hugh Capet is elected King of France
Slowly increased territory and royal power
The Hundred Year’s War
1337-1453 C.E. (116 years)
Edward III of England claimed the French crown
Mother had been a French princess
Fought for control of the English Channel
Joan of Arc
17 year-old French peasant who believed God had sent her to save France
Led the French army in battle
Served as an inspiration to French troops
Captured and burned to death by the English
An End to WarFrance
Used cannons to defeat the English
The death of Joan of Arc rallied the French army
Increased nationalism (pride in one’s country)
Increased power of the king
England
The longbow was an efficient weapon early in the war
Power shifted toward Parliament
Lost all land in France except Calais
Pictures - EnglandMedieval England
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/britain_settlement_600_1923.jpg
Edward the Confessor Stained Glass
http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/adversaries/bios/images/edward_confessor.jpg
Harold Godwnison Being Crowned
http://heraldictimes.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/image-4.jpg
Harold Hardrada
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Harold_bayeux_tapestry.png
William the Conqueror
http://www.essentially-england.com/images/william_1_from_bayeux_tapestry.jpg
English Flaghttp://littlelakeview.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/english-flag.gif
Pictures - FranceClovis: http://www.templaricavalieri.it/images/merovingi_clovis_I_di_francois_louis_dejuinne_museo_nazionale_del_castello_e_di_trianons_versailles.gif
Charlemagne: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/nvaget/230/imagespre-MA/charlemagne.jpg
Carolingian France Map: http://www.historiasiglo20.org/MEC-BC/images/charlemagne1.jpg
Post-Charlemagne France: http://www.uoregon.edu/~kimball/images/0814.Charlemagne-CWA.152.jpg
French Flag: http://www.clockworksky.net/cliveless_world/france_flag.png
Hundred Years’ War Cartoon: http://www.wordinfo.info/words/images/Eng-hist-20B-100-yrs-war.gif
Hundred Years War Painting: http://www.tustin.k12.ca.us/cyberseminar/soc/seven/hundredyearswar.jpg
Joan of Arc Statue, New Orleans: Personal Photograph