Medieval and Renaissance Music. Learning Intentions/Success Criteria Today we will… Examine music...
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Transcript of Medieval and Renaissance Music. Learning Intentions/Success Criteria Today we will… Examine music...
Learning Intentions/Success Criteria
Today we will…• Examine music from the Renaissance period• Develop our understanding of music theory
We will know if we have been successful if we can…• Identify and describe the following concepts: Plainchant,
Mass, Contrapuntal, Modal, Irregular time, Melisma, Cadence, Canon, A cappella, Augmentation and Diminution
• Can ridentify musical signs and symbols
Task 1
• Make a list of the following concepts and write an appropriate definition for each during the lesson.
Plainchant, Mass, Contrapuntal, Modal,
Irregular time, Melisma, Cadence, Canon, A
cappella, Augmentation and Diminution
Medieval PeriodUp to 1450
• The earliest music we know. Much of the music was not written down.
• Monophonic texture.• Use of modes (dorian, lydian, etc).• Pattern of the Latin words used as the
rhythm.
Medieval Music
• During the Medieval period most music was not written down. Composers who did write their music down usually worked for the Catholic Church. The Church could afford to buy the materials the composers would need to write music. People outside the Church were too poor to buy what was needed to compose music.
• Music notation appeared around the year 900, but it only showed the pitch. It didn't tell you anything about the rhythm. A few hundred years would pass before the notes showed the rhythm.
Pope Gregory I
• As music became more complicated, someone needed to make up some rules for writing down music. That person was Pope Gregory I.
• Pope Gregory l declared that music be standardized. That means that musicians and composers had to use the same rules when writing and performing their music. This music can still be heard today. It is called Gregorian chant.
Plainchant
Also known as Plainsong and
Gregorian chant. Unaccompanied
melody set to words of the Roman
Catholic liturgy, such as the Mass.
Plainchants are modal and have no
regular metre. They follow the
rhythm of the Latin words.
The Renaissance Period1450-1600
• Renaissance means rebirth. This period saw a rebirth in knowledge. Science and the arts were becoming more important.
• Christopher Columbus discovered America, Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel, William Shakespeare was writing plays and Leonardo da Vinci was making great advancements in art, music and science.
Characteristics of the Period
• Contrapuntal – voice parts were given equal importance and share the melody.
• Imitative polyphony.
• A cappella singing. • Growth of instrumental, dance and secular
music. • Development of musical harmony and use of
cadences.
MassThe Roman Catholic service of the Mass has had A great influence on the development of music. High mass (Missa Solemnis) has 5 passages of Plainsong (the proper of the Mass) and 5 extended passages (the Ordinary of the Mass)which are often set in an elaborate choral way. The ‘Ordinary’ is the Section referred to as the Mass in a musical sense.
Mass
Features of the Mass include Latin text and polyphonic texture, and it is usually sung a cappella. Originally used in church worship, but in later years became a large-scale work for chorus, soloists and orchestra.
5 Main Sections of the Mass
• Kyrie – Lord Have Mercy• Gloria – Glory be to God on High• Credo – I believe• Sanctus - Holy, holy (often include the Benedictus)• Agnus Dei – Lamb of God
A special setting is the Requiem (Mass
for the dead).
Think – ‘King George Cuts Sandwiches
Buttering Always.’
Woodwind Instruments
Rackett – double reed bass instrument
Crumhorn – double reed, range of just over an octave
Cornett – similar to a recorder but played with a trumpet-like mouthpiece.
Other Concepts...
Word Painting• The music is used to describe the words.• Listen to As Vesta was from Latmos Hill by
Thomas Weelkes. Listen to how word painting is achieved on the following phrases:
1. ‘Running down amain’ – descending scales
2. ‘Two by two’ – two voices3. ‘Three by three’ – three voices
Augmentation and Diminution
• Augmentation – The melody is repeated but the rhythmic values of the notes have been doubled (sounds slower the second time)
• Diminution – The melody is repeated but the rhythmic values of the notes have been halved (sounds quicker the second time)
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes
to describe what you hear:
Monophonic Antiphonal
Homophonic Strophic
Gregorian Chant Credo
Madrigal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes
to describe what you hear:
Ballett Antiphonal
Motet Strophic
Madrigal Proper Ayre
Through composed
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Kyrie Anacrusis
Motet Melisma
Diminution Antiphonal
Augmentation
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Imitation Syllabic
Credo Contrapuntal
Madrigal Agnus Dei
Augmentation
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes
to describe what you hear:
Simple time Compound time
Pavan Galliard
Overture March
Ballett
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes
to describe what you hear:
Ayre Consort of viols
Madrigal Proper Motet
Pavan Word painting
Antiphonal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Gregorian chant Mass
Madrigal Motet
Imitation Change from
simple to compound
Change from time
compound to simple time
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Trill Galliard
Mordent Pavan
Rebec Lute
Virginal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes
to describe what you hear:
Strophic Word Painting
Motet Imitation
Galliard Homophonic
Madrigal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes
to describe what you hear:
Modal Rebec
Crumhorn Consort
Homophonic Imitation
Augmentation
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
Boxes to describe what you hear:
A cappella Mass
Mordent Melisma
Rebec Madrigal
Diminution
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Anthem Sanctus
Benedictus
Motet Imitation
Verse Anthem Modal
Madrigal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Madrigal Motet
Crumhorn Antiphonal
Homophonic Contrapuntal
Clavichord
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Galliard Motet
Crumhorn Contrapuntal
Homophonic Consort of
recorders
Consort of viols
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two
boxes to describe what you hear:
Credo Madrigal
Agnus Dei Gregorian chant
Homophonic Motet
Modal
Prose Question 1
There are three types of madrigals, the madrigal
proper, ballett and ayre. The ballett is ________
in form whereas the madrigal proper is
___________. The ballett also contains a
_______ refrain. The madrigal proper has a
___________ texture. An ayre is usually
__________, often by a ______.
Prose Question 2The Mass is sung in ________. The texture is
__________ with many voices singing in _________ of
each other. The music is unaccompanied (___________).
A motet is sung in _________. It features several
voices singing in _________ of each other with a
___________ texture. An anthem is sung in
_________ and a ________ features an accompaniment
(often the organ).
Prose Question 3When composing a Mass or motet, the composer
often
splits the choir in two or has more than one choir. He can
then create a dialogue between the different voices. This
creates an ____________ effect.
Two important dances from the Renaissance period were
the ________ and _________. The __________ is a slow
dance with _______ beats in a bar. This is followed by a
__________ which is _______ with ______ beats in a
bar.