Medicina Veterinaria, Sistemas de Produccion e

Investigacion en AB, Canada

Marcos G. Colazo

Livestock Research Branch Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development

Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, Gral Pico, Febrero 21, 2014

53° N, 113° O

Lake Louise-Banff

Athabasca Glacier

2001 2004 2012

Ganado Carne 3,939 $2,617 $4,900

Trigo $936 $959 $2,300

Canola $586 $771 $2,500

Cerdos $572 $613 -------

Ganado Leche $348 $383 $521

Aves $214 $213 $330

Alberta: Agricultura & Economia

Alberta: Ganado de carne (2012)

Cabezas 5.100.000 (41%)

Vacas y vaquillonas 2.345.000

Explotaciones 43.234

Inseminación Artificial ~5%

May, 2004

The Canadian Dairy Industry MSQ, July 31, 2004; Milk, 2004

Provinces % Farms % Cows % Milka Milk, kg/ Cowb

Maritimes 5 6 4.3

Quebec 48 38 45.8 ~8,100

Ontario 32 34 31.5 ~8,200

Manitoba 3 4 3.6 9,150

Saskatchewan 2 3 2.5 9,375

Alberta 5 8 6.6 9,504

B.C. 4 6 5.7 10,083 a CDC (2004), b Canwest DHI, 2004

240

75

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1966 2006

'000 c

ab

295

630

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1966 2006

Mil

lon

es L

itro

s

Alberta: Pasado (1966) y presente (2006)

Vacas y producción

1st serv

ice con

ceptio

n (%

) Dairy farms in Alberta: the declining trendDairy farms in Alberta: the declining trend

500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

1700

1900

Nu

mb

er

of

Dair

y F

arm

s

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2005

YEARS

DRTC: Tambo de la Universidad de Alberta

30

15

16

10

4

11

84 2 1

Infertility

Low milk

Mastitis

Feet & Legs

Injury

Udder brkdwn

Disease

Old Age

Slow milker

Temperament

Alberta: Dairy cow disposal reasons, 2009

Source: 2009 CanWest DHI Herd Improvement Report

35.7 33.3

13.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Po

rcen

taje

(%

)

Ambrose y Colazo, 2007

Porcentaje de animales inseminados y tasas de concepción y preñez c/21 días

en Alberta, Canada. (23 rodeos; 29.929 Animales; 2004-2006)

DHI Records 2004-06

(Pregnancy rates by 21 d intervals)

13.5

11

16.3

20.7

5.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

1st Q

Media

n

3rd

Q

%

Ambrose y Colazo, 2007

Han implementado un programa de manejo de

servicios sistematizado....

GnRH PGF AI

16 h 2 d D 0 D 7 D 9 D 10

7-d OVSYNCH

Pursley et al., 1995

7 d

GnRH

GnRH PGF

2 d D 0 D 7 D 9

7 d

GnRH

+ AI

7-d COSYNCH

Geary et al., 1998

Experimental Design – 5- vs 7-d Cosynch/PRID

GnRH PGF2α

GnRH

7 d PRID

5 d PRID

PGF2α

d -7

d -5

d 0 GnRH

+ AI

56 h

d 0

72 h

Colazo and Ambrose, 2011

TAI Pregnancy Rate 28 d

59 58

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

%

P

r

e

g

n

a

n

t

5-d Cosynch PRID

7-d Cosynch PRID

19/32 18/31

Trt, P >0.05 Colazo and Ambrose, 2011

5-d 7-d

Ov. to 2nd GnRH 65% 84%

Ov. to 1st GnRH 25% * 39%

Ov. before TAI 22% * 10%

No resp. PGF 6% 0%

Colazo and Ambrose, 2011

Cosynch/PRID

Experimental Design – 5-d Modified Cosynch

GnRH

5-d PRID

PGF2α

d -5 d 0

72 h

Colazo and Ambrose, 2011

GnRH

+ AI

5-d PRID

PGF2α

d -5 d 0

6871

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90 5-d Cosynch PRID5-d Modified Cosynch PRID

Trt, P >0.05

N=28 N=28

Pre

gnan

cy R

ate,

%

TAI Pregnancy Rate 28 d

Colazo and Ambrose, 2011

Experimental Design - ED vs 5d Modified Cosynch

PGF2α

5 d PRID

PGF2α

d -14

d -5

GnRH

+ AI

d 0

72 h

PGF2α

ED

+ AI

7d

N=224; ~half AI with sexed semen Colazo, unpublished

Conception Rate 25-30 d

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

CONV SEXED

%

P

r

e

g

n

a

n

t

ED + AI

5-d Modified Cosynch

73% 66% 67% 59%

Colazo, unpublished N=224

GnRH PGF AI

16 h 2 d D 0 D 7 D 9 D 10

7-d OVSYNCH +/- P4

7 d

GnRH

Progesterone

PRID

GnRH PGF AI

16 h 2 d D 0 D 7 D 9 D 10

7 d

GnRH

N = 608; Presynchronized N=217 Colazo et al., 2013

Pregnancy rate: PRID effect

N = 608; P <0.05 Colazo et al., 2013

30

42 43

51

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

%

All Synchronized

No PRID

PRID

Interaction P<0.05

40 42

25

41

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

%

Presynch/Ovsynch

N=217

Ovsynch

N=391

No PRID

PRID

PRID treatment by TAI protocol

Colazo et al., 2013

Ovsynch vs. Ovsynch + PRID Acyclic cows

N = 107; Interaction P<0.05

37

55

49

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

%

CL (+) CL (-)

Ovsynch

Ovsynch + PRID

Colazo et al., 2013

PRID

TAI GnRH

PGF2α

0d

12h

Pregnant

39d

32d

60h Monday

Wed Monday

GnRH

Ultrasound Pregnancy Diagnosis

Resynch 7-d Ovsynch/PRID Protocol

d60

Thurs

TAI

TAI GnRH

PGF

0d

12h

Pregnant

34d

24h Wednesday

Wed

Monday &

Tuesday

GnRH

Ultrasound Pregnancy Diagnosis

Resynch 5-d Ovsynch/PRID Protocol

d60

Thurs

TAI

PRID

39d

36h

PGF

Monday

32d

TAI

PGF

0d

Pregnant

34d

Wednesday

Ultrasound Pregnancy Diagnosis

Resynch 5-d Modified Ovsynch/PRID Protocol

d60

PRID

39d

Monday

32d

Monday

12h 60h

Wed

GnRH

Thurs

TAI

30

45 46

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

%

P

r

e

g

n

a

n

t

7-d Ovsynch PRID

5-d Ovsynch PRID

5-d Modified Ovsynch PRID

Resynch Pregnancy Rate 32 d

38/84 24/81

Colazo unpublished Trt, P <0.05

35/77

*

9 8

16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

%

7-d Ovsynch PRID

5-d Ovsynch PRID

5-d Modified Ovsynch PRID

Pregnancy loss between 32 and 60 d

Colazo unpublished Trt, P <0.1

*

1% 9% 3%

Conception rates (957 AI - 2012)

38% 46% 3%

87%

41%

49%

Wetaskiwin, AB

475 Lac cows

11460 kg

25

21 d Insemination and Pregnancy risk (2012)

57

Mean interval from calving to ovulation in dairy cows fed oilseed supplements (8% DMI) during

dry period for 5 weeks

21b24b

35a

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Canola Linola Flax

Days

ab P < 0.05

Oleic C18:1

Linoleic C18:2

Linolenic C18:3

(n = 72 cows)

Colazo et al. (2009) J Dairy Sci 92:2562-71

Conception rates in dairy cows fed oilseed

supplements during dry period

18.4

47.242.8

32.7

22.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

Canola Flax Linola FR AL

Co

ncep

tio

n r

ate

(%

)

ab P < 0.05

a

b (n = 66)

FR= 24% feed restriction; AL = ad libitum

Colazo et al. (2009) J Dairy Sci 92:2562-71

Presumptive (D 24) and confirmed (D 32)

pregnancy to first AI and pregnancy losses

48

73

32

48

73

90

27

10

0102030405060708090

100

Sunflower Flax

Perc

ent

PP24 Preg32 Calving PregLoss

n=121

* P = 0.01 *

P = 0.07 * *

*

Ambrose et al (2006) JDS 89: 3066-74

*

P = 0.05 *

Pregnancy Losses in Cows Fed Flaxseed

10

27

8

16

9

14

0

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

AB BC OR QC

Flax

ControlP

regna

ncy loss (

%)

121 263 303 138

(0.05) (0.15) (0.18) (0.07)

63 50 36 100

Cows:

P value:

Reduction

in loss (%):

Embryonic cell number in cows fed saturated or unsaturated fatty acids

a,b P < 0.001

77.1

93.4 97.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Tallow Sunflower Flax

a

b b

Thangavelu et al (2006)

saturated unsaturated

43

TRT Total Analysis

Canola 82 Need TBP

Sunflower 99 Need TBP

Flax 87 Need TBP

26

22

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Canola Sunflower Flax

De

ge

ne

rate

d (

%)

Degenerated embryo1

(a) (a) (b)

1Salehi, et al., IETS conference, 2014 (Accepted)

Day-7 embryo flushing

9

16 16

9

24 23 25

21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Canola Flax Sunflower FCS

Bla

sto

cyst

ra

te (

%)

Total Blastocyst rate on Day 7 & 8

Blastocyst Day 7 Blastocyst Day 8

(a) (a) (b) (b)

P<0.05

Muchas Gracias!

Marcos G Colazo Research Scientist, Alberta Agriculture & Rural

Development

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada E-mail: marcos.colazo@gov.ab.ca; mgcolazo@yahoo.com