Medical Terminology Basic Word Structure. Basic Word Structure Objectives: To divide medical terms...
-
Upload
deborah-lynch -
Category
Documents
-
view
245 -
download
0
Transcript of Medical Terminology Basic Word Structure. Basic Word Structure Objectives: To divide medical terms...
Medical Terminology
Basic Word Structure
Basic Word Structure Objectives:
To divide medical terms into component parts
To analyze, pronounce, and spell medical terms using common combining forms, suffixes and prefixes.
Test Questions
Anything found in your book AND on the slide show are FAIR GAME for test questions.
Word Analysis
Medical words are used everyday in a medical setting If you work in a medical setting If you are a patient in a hospital If you are in a doctor’s office Speaking with family members about
conditions they might have
Understanding
You can understand a word even if you have never heard it before!
Complicated words can be broken down into parts and the meaning deduced from the parts. To deduce means: to arrive at a
conclusion or fact by reasoning; to draw a logical conclusion
The 3 “Rs”
The best way to learn this material: wRite
Write out the words/meanings Color-Code if possible
Repeat Do it again
Review Flashcards, writing, saying, etc.
• Colors used here:
• Prefix (blue)• Root (Purple)• Combining
Vowel (green)• Suffix (red)• Important words
(brown)
When studying flashcards Start with a few (3-6).
Pick 1-2 that are hard, 1-2 that are easy Repeat them till memorized.
Add a few more (2-3) unknown ones. Mix with original pile, repeat till
memorized. Repeat adding a few at a time till they
are all memorized.
**We will be doing flashcards daily!**
Example 1 – How to break down a word
Hematology
Root
Combining Vowel
Suffix
Not shown: Prefix (Would go before root in example1)
How to analyze a word
Begin at the END of the word Suffix
Next look at the BEGINNING of the word Word root (or sometimes prefix)
Next look at the combining vowel This will help you to break the word up
into its parts – “O” is the most common combining vowel.
Example 1(cont.)
Hematology
Root (blood)
Combining Vowel
Suffix (study of)
What does it mean?
Answer: The Study of Blood
Example 2
Electrocardiogram
Root (electricity)
Combining Vowels Suffix (record)
What does it mean?
Answer: Record of the Electricity in the Heart
Root (heart)
Combining Form
Combining vowel and root word together
Examples: Electr/o: Electricity Cardi/o: Heart Gastr/o: Stomach Enter/o: Intestines
Example 3
Gastroenterology
Root (stomach)
Combining Vowels Suffix (Study of)
What does it mean?
Answer: The Study of the Stomach and the Intestines
Root (intestines)
Common Suffixes
-scope Instrument used to visually examine
-ic Pertaining to
-ac Pertaining to
-itis Inflammation
Prefixes
Found at the beginning of a word and can change a meaning.
Examples: Sub-
below Trans-
across Retro-
Behind
Important Rules
Read a medical word starting at the suffix, then going to the prefix (if present), and then root word(s)from left to right.
If a suffix begins with a vowel, drop the combining vowel.
If two root words are combined, keep the combining vowel even if the second root word begins with a vowel.
Example 4
Gastroscope
Root (stomach)
Combining Vowel
Suffix (instrument used to visually examine)
What does it mean?
Answer: Instrument used to visually examine the stomach
Example 5
Gastric
Root (stomach)
Suffix (pertaining to)
What does it mean?
Answer: Pertaining to the stomach
* Combining Vowel is dropped because “-ic” begins with a vowel
Example 6
Cardiac
Root (heart)
Suffix (pertaining to)
What does it mean?
Answer: Pertaining to the heart
* Combining Vowel is dropped because “-ac” begins with a vowel
Example 7
Enteritis
Root (intestines)
Suffix (inflammation)
What does it mean?
Answer: inflammation of the intestines
* Combining Vowel is dropped because “-itis” begins with a vowel
Example 8
Gastroenteritis
Root (stomach)
Combining VowelSuffix (inflammation)
What does it mean?
Answer: The Study of the Stomach and the Intestines
Root (intestines)
* Combining Vowel is dropped because “-itis” begins with a vowel
Assignment:
In Notebooks: Put today’s date Title: Combining forms: Workbook pages 5-
14 Write the medical term and meaning for
each item found. Number each item (there are 39 of them)
Answers
Be prepared to share your answers to workbook pages 5-14.
Learning to pronounce the words is part of this class!
What happens in a stroke? Blood flow is slowed or stopped to an
area of the brain. The following may occur:
Aphasia (loss of speech) Paralysis (loss of movement) Weakness Changes in the 5 senses.
Two types of Stroke:
What is the prostate gland? Gland in males only Sits below the bladder
(where urine is stored) Secretes fluid that
combines with sperm to form semen (fluid that leaves the urethra during ejaculation)
Blood Cells - Erythrocytes Red Blood Cells Carry Oxygen
Blood Cells - Leukocytes Help to fight disease Also known as White Blood
Cells Five different types:
Eosinophil Basophil Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte
Blood Cells - Thrombocytes
Platelets Help the blood
to clot
All the Blood Parts: (sizes)
Plural words (Part 1) If a word ends in “a”, keep the “a” and
add an “e”. Vertebra (backbone)
Plural: vertebrae Bursa (sack of fluid near a joint)
Plural: bursae If a word ends in “is”, drop the “is” and
add “es” Diagnosis (nature and cause of disease)
Plural: diagnoses Psychosis (abnormal condition of the
mind) Plural: psychoses
Plural words (Part 2) If a word ends in “ex” or “ix”, drop the
“ex” or “ix” and add an “ices”. Cortex (Outer parts of organs)
Plural: cortices Varix (enlarged, swollen vein)
Plural: varices If a word ends in “on”, drop the “on”
and add “a” ganglion (groups of nerve cells or benign
cysts near a joint) Plural: ganglia
Plural words (Part 3) If a word ends in “um”, drop the “um”
and add an “a”. Bacterium (Type of one-celled organism)
Plural: bacteria Ovum (egg cell)
Plural: Ova If a word ends in “us”, drop the “us” and
add “i” Bronchus (tubes leading from the
windpipe to the lungs) Plural: bronchi
Calculus (stones) Plural: Calculi
Plural words (Part 4) Exceptions to the rules:
Virus (small infectious agent that can replicate inside other living cells) Plural: Viruses
Sinus (cavity within the bone or other tissue) Plural: Sinuses
Assignment:
Worksheet: “Plurals and Basics” Complete and turn in
Flashcards: Study
What is a hematoma? Blood trapped in the skin or under an organ
Left: Subungual hematomaBottom left: Hickie
Medical Examiner
Versus a Coroner
Medical Examiner versus a Coroner
Autopsy: Process of viewing self (viewing the cause of a patient’s death)
Biopsy: Process of viewing life (viewing of live tissue under a microscope)
Pathologist: Medical doctor who does autopsies and views biopsies
Medical Examiner (M.E.): is a pathologist who specializes in forensic medicine related to crimes.
Coroner: Elected official who investigates any suspicious death (may or may not be a Medical Examiner)
Medical terms using “-logy” - 1 Cardiology
Study of the heart Dermatology
Study of the skin Endocrinology
Study of the endocrine glands Gastroenterology
Study of the stomach and intestines Gynecology
Study of women and women’s diseases Rheumatology
Study of joint diseases
Medical terms using “-logy” - 2 Hematology
Study of the blood Neurology
Study of the nerves, brain and spinal cord Oncology
Study of tumors (cancerous or malignant) Opthalmology
Study of the eye Pathology
Study of disease Psychology
Study of the mind and mental disorders
Assignment:
In Notebooks: Put today’s date Title: Suffixes and Prefixes: Workbook pages 15-
20 Write the medical term and meaning for each
item found. Number each item (there are 40 of them)
Answers
Be prepared to share your answers to workbook pages 15-20.
Learning to pronounce the words is part of this class!
Graves Disease
Hyperthryoidism: condition of excessive thyroid (hormone)
Laparoscopy Lapar/o: abdomen -scopy: process of visual
examination
Arthroscopy Arthr/o: joint -scopy: visual
examination
Hyperglycemia Condition of having excessive glucose
(sugar) Type 1 diabetes:
Lack of insulin Type 2 diabetes:
Insulin doesn’t work Both results in excess sugar remaining in the
blood instead of being transported into the cells so that energy can be made.
What is it like to live with diabetes?
Lets read Pages 21-22 together.
Exercises: Part A – Page 23
Write the word, using a slash to divide into component parts
Write the meaning for the whole term. Part B – Page 24
Write out the sentence, underline the term used.
Part C – Page 24 Write the word Write the tissue/body part it describes Write the meaning of the word.
Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page.
Exercises: Part D – Page 25
Write the word Write the meaning
Part E – Page 25 Write the suffix Write the meaning
Part F – Page 26 Write out the complete sentence Underline the medical term you complete
Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page.
Exercises: Part G – Page 26
Write the prefix Write the meaning
Part H – Page 27 Write the medical term Write the meaning
Part I – Page 27 Write out the complete medical term (underline
it) Write the meaning
Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page.
Exercises: Part J – Page 28-30
Write the bold medical term Write the meaning
Part K – Page 30 Write the medical term Write the plural of the medical term
Part L – Page 30-31 Write the words you would circle in the vignette
Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page.
Pronunciation
Work with a partner Practice saying the words you find on
Pages 33-36 Quiz each other on their meanings
*** Bonus: Write out the words as you say them as well as their meanings ***
Practical Applications Sometimes we don’t have to know all of the
information in order to figure out what a word means.
Practice this skill by writing out the procedure and the condition that it would treat from the list given.
Use the process of elimination when necessary.
Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page.
POA versus Admitting diagnosis
POA: Present on Admission Conditions that are noted and treated if
necessary but may not cause a patient to be admitted into the hospital
Admitting diagnosis Condition that can become life-
threatening without proper treatment. This is a reason for hospital admittance.
Picture Show
Page 39-41 Write out the question and the answer for
parts A, B, C, D.
Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page.
Review
Page 43-44 Write out the combining forms and their
meanings Write out the suffixes and their meanings Write out the prefixes and their meanings
Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page.
Terminology Checkup
Take a look at the list of items on page 46
If you are not comfortable with telling the difference between the items listed, go back and study!