MECHANISMS OF GENETIC MATERIAL

REPAIR

Jorge Andrés Ramírez OrozcoMedicine Student

MEDICAL UTILITY

BIBLIOGRAPHY MECHANISMS OF GENETIC MATERIAL

REPAIR

BY: JORGE ANDRÉS RAMÍREZ OROZCO

MOLECULAR BIOLOGYTEACHER: LINA MARÍA MARTÍNEZ SÁNCHEZ

Lomonosov Moscow State University. (2015, July 3).

Novel DNA repair mechanism brings new horizons:

Researchers discover new mechanism of DNA repair,

which will help to treat and to prevent diseases in the

future.ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 22, 2015

from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150703150203.ht

mUniversity of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health

Sciences. (2015, July 28). Ancient proteins involved in DNA repair could shed light

on tumor development. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 22, 2015

from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150728091726.ht

mMartinezSanchez, Lina

Maria.Biologiamolecular.8.ed.Medellin: UPB. Fac.Medicina.

These two researches are very important for the medicine ,the first one notice show us a new mechanism of DNA repair, which could help to treat and to prevent diseases neurodegeneratives like the Alzheimer´s disease in the future,and the second one by studying yeast, they found the mechanism by which ancient proteins can repair DNA damage and how their dysfunction could lead to the development of tumors. The findings could lead to new ways to tailor cancer therapies.

ANCIENT PROTEINS INVOLVED IN DNA REPAIR COULD SHED LIGHT ON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT

In humans, protein mutations called RAD51 paralogues have been associated with breast

and ovarian tumors.The researchers found thatShu complex works synergistically

with additional RAD51 paralogues to search for

homologous, or complementary, DNA regions with double-strand breaks, in

which both poles of the twisting DNA ladder have been

broken, the researchers found.The paralogues and

complex repair the damage in a process called homologous

recombinationSTUDENT´S OBSERVATION

I think that this discovery is important because it can transform therapies for

patients who have cancer and mutations in these repair

genes.

NOVEL DNA REPAIR MECHANISM BRINGS NEW

HORIZONSINTRODUCTION

The mechanisms of DNA repair help us maintain the body in a

normal physiological state, despite of the constant

inducing damage that we are exposed.

But if these repair mechanisms fail for some reason it could cause mutations, cell death

and many diseases.Therefore, a low mutation rate

indicates the efficiency of repair mechanisms, but a failure of these will be the

cause of several mutations.Several studies point to the

discovery of new mechanisms of repair, so try to create treatments for diseases.

A group of researchers, lead by Vasily M. Studitsky

professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University,

discovered a new mechanism of reparation that promises new prospective methods of prevention and treatment of

diseases.The researchers examined the impact of

breaks on the progression of the RNA polymerase. It turned out that only in nucleosomes, rather than in the histone-free

DNA, the enzyme stopped, when the break was present

in the other DNA strand. STUDENT´S OBSERVATION

I think that this new mechanism could have utility

for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

like the Alzheimer's disease,and non-

neurodegenerative diseases.

INTRODUCTIONWe are constantly

exposed to a mutation caused by incorrect incorporation during

DNA replication bases, also can be produced

by exposure to chemicals or radiation.

In existing research,proteins

associated with breast cancer and ovarian

involved in the mechanisms of DNA repair

are shown;also new mechanisms of DNA repair

that help develop treatment in

neurodegenerative diseases.

NOVEL DNA REPAIR MECHANISM BRINGS NEW HORIZONS. LOMONOSOV

MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY.(2015, JULY

3)

Previously the role of chromatin considered

passive as scientists thought the DNA repair is possible only on histone-free DNA. However, professorr Vasily

M. Studitsky and his colleagues found that the

thread can be repaired without complete unwinding

of DNA "coils."

NOVEL DNA REPAIR MECHANISM BRINGS NEW

HORIZONS.

NOVEL DNA REPAIR MECHANISM BRINGS NEW HORIZONS.

1• Having specially introduced

breaks at precise locations on the DNA and a single

nucleosome transcribed by a single RNA molecule, histones

were assembled on the molecule with an accuracy

within one nucleotide.

2• The researchers examined the

impact of breaks on the progression of the RNA

polymerase. It turned out that only in nucleosomes, rather

than in the histone-free DNA, the enzyme stopped, when

the break was present in the other DNA strand.

3• Wherein it did not stop before

the break, but immediately after it. It was difficult enough to understand the mechanism

that allows it to notice the damage at the "back" of RNA

polymerase.

NOVEL DNA REPAIR MECHANISM BRINGS NEW

HORIZONS. They have shown that the

formation of loops, which stop the polymerase,

depends on its contacts with histones. If you make them more robust, it will increase the efficiency of

the formation of loops and the probability of repair, which in turn will reduce

the risk of disease. If these contacts are destabilized,

then by using special methods of drug delivery

you can program the death of the affected cells

NOVEL DNA REPAIR MECHANISM BRINGS NEW HORIZONS.

STUDENT´S OBSERVATION

I think that this new mechanism could have

utility for the treatment of neurodegenerative

diseases like the Alzheimer's disease,and non-neurodegenerative

diseases.

ANCIENT PROTEINS INVOLVED IN DNA REPAIR COULD SHED LIGHT ON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT.

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOLS OF

THE HEALTH SCIENCES. (2015, JULY 28).

ANCIENT PROTEINS INVOLVED IN DNA REPAIR COULD SHED

LIGHT ON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT

In humans, protein mutations called RAD51 paralogues have been associated with breast

and ovarian tumors

Because RAD51 paralogues are too difficult to work with in

animal cells, the research team instead explored their function in

yeast. They found the proteins interact with other proteins

called the Shu complex to repair breaks in DNA strands, which

can be caused by environmental toxins, radiation and other

naturally occurring exposures.

ANCIENT PROTEINS INVOLVED IN DNA REPAIR COULD SHED

LIGHT ON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT

ANCIENT PROTEINS INVOLVED IN DNA REPAIR COULD SHED LIGHT

ON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT

Pieces of the genetic code can be lost in such areas; the

paralogues and complex repair the damage by filling in the missing pieces in a process

called homologous recombination.

ANCIENT PROTEINS INVOLVED IN DNA REPAIR COULD SHED LIGHT ON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT STUDENT´S OBSERVATION

I think that this discovery is important because it can transform therapies for patients who have cancer and mutations in these repair genes.

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MEDICAL UTILITY

Both studies showed new theories related to genetic repair mechanisms, associating them to various diseases.

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Detecting these new mechanisms associated with diseases is important not only to clarify its pathogenesis, in addition to propose new therapeutic who could to cure the problem.

MEDICAL UTILITY

These two mechanisms serve to advance new theories of DNA repair that can give hope to cure patients.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Lomonosov Moscow State University. (2015, July 3). Novel DNA repair mechanism brings new horizons:

Researchers discover new mechanism of DNA repair, which will help to treat and to prevent diseases in the future.ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 22, 2015

from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150703150203.htm

University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences. (2015, July 28). Ancient proteins involved

in DNA repair could shed light on tumor development. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 22,

2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150728091726.htm

MartinezSanchez, Lina Maria. Biologiamolecular.8.ed.Medellin: UPB. Fac.Medicina.