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Transcript of Mechanical Energy Storage Guided by: - Presented by: - Mr.S.K. Choudhary DINESH SAHU Lecturer B.E....
![Page 1: Mechanical Energy Storage Guided by: - Presented by: - Mr.S.K. Choudhary DINESH SAHU Lecturer B.E. (VI semester) 0133ME081015.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56649e255503460f94b138c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mechanical Energy StorageMechanical Energy Storage
Guided by: - Presented by: - Mr.S.K. Choudhary DINESH SAHU
Lecturer B.E. (VI semester)
0133ME081015
![Page 2: Mechanical Energy Storage Guided by: - Presented by: - Mr.S.K. Choudhary DINESH SAHU Lecturer B.E. (VI semester) 0133ME081015.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051401/56649e255503460f94b138c4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CONTENTCONTENT
• INTRODUCTION• TYPES OF STORAGE• FUNCTION OF STORAGE
• INTRODUCTION• TYPES OF STORAGE• FUNCTION OF STORAGE
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• Energy storage is accomplished by devices or physical media that store some form of energy to perform some useful operation at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator
• Storing energy allows humans to balance the supply and demand of energy. Energy storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized as mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological and thermal.
• Energy storage is accomplished by devices or physical media that store some form of energy to perform some useful operation at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator
• Storing energy allows humans to balance the supply and demand of energy. Energy storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized as mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological and thermal.
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Three Types of Storage
Three Types of Storage
• Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS)
• Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
• Flywheels
• Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS)
• Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
• Flywheels
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Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)
Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)
• Used for load balancing of energy
• Water is pumped up in elevation during time of low demand
• Water flows back down during times of high demand
• Turbines recapture the energy.
• Used for load balancing of energy
• Water is pumped up in elevation during time of low demand
• Water flows back down during times of high demand
• Turbines recapture the energy.
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Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)
Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)
• 70-85% of electrical energy is recovered
• Energy loss due to evaporation and Pump/generator inefficiency
• Currently the most cost effective way to store large amounts of electricity
• Low energy density calls for large bodies of water
• Never used in portable technology
• 1000 kg at 100 ft = .272 kWh
• 70-85% of electrical energy is recovered
• Energy loss due to evaporation and Pump/generator inefficiency
• Currently the most cost effective way to store large amounts of electricity
• Low energy density calls for large bodies of water
• Never used in portable technology
• 1000 kg at 100 ft = .272 kWh
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Pumps: On the GridPumps: On the Grid
• The Us has 19.5 gigawatts capacity
• 2.5% of baseload• Technology is in use
world wide• Hundreds of plants
around the world• Man made reservoirs
as well as natural reservoirs
• The Us has 19.5 gigawatts capacity
• 2.5% of baseload• Technology is in use
world wide• Hundreds of plants
around the world• Man made reservoirs
as well as natural reservoirs
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Future Of PHS Future Of PHS
• This energy storage can be used to level the grid for renewable energy
• Wind power and solar power are not constantly on
• Using salt mines to increase energy density
• This energy storage can be used to level the grid for renewable energy
• Wind power and solar power are not constantly on
• Using salt mines to increase energy density
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Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
Compressed air energy storage (CAES)
• Large tank is buried underground
• During times of low demand electricity compresses air
• During times of peak demand compressed air is heated and released
• Large tank is buried underground
• During times of low demand electricity compresses air
• During times of peak demand compressed air is heated and released
http://www.sandia.gov/media/NewsRel/NR2001/norton.htm
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Types Of CAES Types Of CAES
• Adiabatic storage• Heat from compression is captured and stored in a solid or liquid
• Hot Oil 3000C• Molten Salt 6000C• Heat is reincorporated during release
• Close to 100% efficiency
• No utility scale plants
• Adiabatic storage• Heat from compression is captured and stored in a solid or liquid
• Hot Oil 3000C• Molten Salt 6000C• Heat is reincorporated during release
• Close to 100% efficiency
• No utility scale plants
• Diabatic storage• Heat is lost through cooling
• Natural gas is burned to reheat compressed air
• Very inefficient 38-68%
• Uses 1/2 gas of an all gas plant
• Diabatic storage• Heat is lost through cooling
• Natural gas is burned to reheat compressed air
• Very inefficient 38-68%
• Uses 1/2 gas of an all gas plant
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More about CAES More about CAES
• Can use sandstone layer to hold compressed air
• USA has good ground for this type of storage
• Can be used to level load from wind and solar
• 200-300 MW Plants
• Can use sandstone layer to hold compressed air
• USA has good ground for this type of storage
• Can be used to level load from wind and solar
• 200-300 MW Plants
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Compressed air in Cars
Compressed air in Cars
• Zero pollution Motors • Stores air at around
300atm• Under 35 mph it is zero
emissions• Over 35 mph uses
combustion engine to compress air
• Runs on many different types of fuel
• 1 air tank + 8 gal gas= 848 miles
• Zero pollution Motors • Stores air at around
300atm• Under 35 mph it is zero
emissions• Over 35 mph uses
combustion engine to compress air
• Runs on many different types of fuel
• 1 air tank + 8 gal gas= 848 miles
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Fueling/RefuelingFueling/Refueling
• Flex engine runs off of gas, diesel, alcohol, possibly even vegetable oil
• Refueling air tank at refuel station about 3 minutes
• Home refuel unit takes 4 hours, electrical cost $2
• 3 cents per mile
• Flex engine runs off of gas, diesel, alcohol, possibly even vegetable oil
• Refueling air tank at refuel station about 3 minutes
• Home refuel unit takes 4 hours, electrical cost $2
• 3 cents per mile
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Future of Air Vehicles
Future of Air Vehicles
• Flowair- release in 2010
• First needs to pass US safety ratings
• 6 seats• 106 mpg• 800-1000 mile range• Top speed 96 mph• $17500
• Flowair- release in 2010
• First needs to pass US safety ratings
• 6 seats• 106 mpg• 800-1000 mile range• Top speed 96 mph• $17500
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FlywheelsFlywheels
• Captures energy in a rotating Mass
• Flywheel is charged using electric motor
• Electric generator extracts energy
• Captures energy in a rotating Mass
• Flywheel is charged using electric motor
• Electric generator extracts energy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:G2_front2.jpg#filehistory
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Operation Of Flywheel
Operation Of Flywheel
• Energy held in Spinning Rotor (Steel or Carbon composite)
• Steel rotors can spin at several thousand rpm
• Carbon composite spin up to 60k rpm
• Kinetic Energy 1/2mv2
• Energy held in Spinning Rotor (Steel or Carbon composite)
• Steel rotors can spin at several thousand rpm
• Carbon composite spin up to 60k rpm
• Kinetic Energy 1/2mv2
http://www.aretepower.us/images/Composite%20Flywheel%20Rotor.jpg
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BearingsBearings
• Mechanical bearings not practical• Friction is directly proportional to speed
• Magnetic bearings used to minimize friction
• Rotor is suspended- state of levitation
• Operates in a Vacuum
• Mechanical bearings not practical• Friction is directly proportional to speed
• Magnetic bearings used to minimize friction
• Rotor is suspended- state of levitation
• Operates in a Vacuum
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SuperconductorsSuperconductors
• New technology uses high temperature superconductors (HTSC)
• HTSC operate at -1960C or -3210F• Diamagnetism- creates a field of opposition to a magnetic field
• Hybrid systems use conventional magnets to levitate and superconductors to stabilize
• New technology uses high temperature superconductors (HTSC)
• HTSC operate at -1960C or -3210F• Diamagnetism- creates a field of opposition to a magnetic field
• Hybrid systems use conventional magnets to levitate and superconductors to stabilize
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Energy StatsEnergy Stats
Composite Flywheel Li-ion Battery
Cycles 100,000 to 10 million
Around 1200
Energy Density 130 Wh/kg 160 Wh/kg
Capacity Range from 3 kWh to Max of 133 KWh
Equal to 13,825 18650 Li-ionOver 4 times what is used to power the Tesla
Charge Time 15 min Several Hours
Self discharge time
“0 run down time”- Years
10-20 months
Energy Exchange
Limited by generator
Limited by chemical process
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THANK YOU THANK YOU