Mechanical Design Guidlines

8/9/2019 Mechanical Design Guidlines

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AMIN & TEH SDN. BHD

APRIL 2014

MECHANICAL DESIGN GUIDLINES

A) SANITARY AND SEWERAGE PIPE MANHOLE SERVICES

· All design guideline for Sanitary and Sewerage Pipe Manhole Services are

based on Guide to Sewerage Systems - Malaysian Water Association (MWA!

("S##$%&')*

· Ma+e sure all proposed design calculations and drawings documentation to

be prepared earlier and need to be endorsed , sign by the lients before doing

any final "uilding Submissions to the authorities* (e*g* Ma.lis Perbandaran

Selayang/ Ma.lis Perbandaran 0elang/ Ma.lis Perbandaran Shah Alam/ 1ewan

"andaraya 0uala 2umpur and etc* 3hose approval processes would ta+e around

three (4 to four () months from the date of submission*

LESSON LEARNED

- 5nspection chamber(5 cover to be raised min %#mm from finish ground!floor level*

- 5nternal 5 shall finish with high alumina cement* 3here must be proper benching

and inside chamber

- any bend shall installed closed to 5*

- 5 cover installed on driveway must be medium! heavy duty type* 5n case need

architectural treatment/ stainless steel tray to be selected as cover*

- all invert level must carefully calculated with refer to selected pipe gradient*

B) HOT & COLD WATER PLUMBING SERVICES AND SUCTION & ELEVATED

ROOF WATER TANK & PUMPING SYSTEM



· All proposed design guidelines are based on Guide to Water Supply System

6 708!MWA

· Ma+e sure all proposed design calculations and drawings for 9ot , Water

Plumbing and Suction!:levated 8oof Water 3an+ and Pumping System need to

be prepared for 3ender for onstruction purposes and 7"A!Syabas and 1istrict

ouncil Authorities submission and approval*

· 3he Si;e of :levated Storage!1omestic Water 3an+ is based on the number

of population per s<*ft* ('== s<*ft! ' person or Specified 8e<uired Gallons of

Water 1emand per s<*m (2.2 I! 1 "#.$) 6 this case would be direct tapping from

the Main "ul+ Water Meter to the :levated Storage!1omestic Water 3an+* 9ence/

under Penang Water Authorities (P"A the total Water 1emand would be around

%.% I'"! 1 "#.$.

· 5n any special case if there is a very low pressure from the Main "ul+ Water

Meter to the :levated Water 3an+/ it is re<uired to have >ne Suction 3an+ that

would be ?'!4 of Storage!day from the total water demand and balance %!4 of

Storage!day is for the :levated 8oof!Storage 3an+* 5t is noted that all final

selection of Water 3an+ Si;e is depends upon on the incoming si;e of the pipe

from the Water 8eticulation (e*g* Si;e of 1uctile 5ron Pipe @ # mm/ need to

consider the free board of '=B from the surface of sitting ball valve to the inner surface of the tan+ height and the balance bottom height

of 4B where from the height of the water outlets to the inner surface of the bottom

water tan+*

· A Suction Pump ("ooster 6 Multistage Certical 3ype need to be analysed and

designed for to D hours >peration!day in a proper way by considering all water

supply from the Suction 3an+ to be controlled by >n!>ff Procedures (Pressure

8egulating ontrol Calves where could be read off by the Motorised Calve at

8oof Storage 3an+s* 3he effective capacity (0W of the Suction Pump would be

considered by the following criteriaEs&

- 1esign flow rates (F 6 5gpm @ 3otal Water 1emand ! D = min*

- 3otal Pump 9ead (ft* @ 9ighest Static 9ead H Pipe Iriction 9ead 2oss



(Pipe friction head loss @ s*factor/ %=J Pipe friction factor K:<uivalent Pipe

2ength H Straight Pipe 2engthL

- Min* Pump ap* @ '*% Pump "*9*P =*$) i*e* Pump "*9*P @ 3P9 F !

44== Pump effieciency (=J to #J

· 3he location of the Suction 3an+ would be at the Ground or 2ower Ground

Iloor depends upon S*> ArchitectEs re<uirements*

· Material of Suction 3an+ shall be I8P 6 Iibre 8einforced Plastics or 8* 6

8einforced oncrete*

· A "ooster Pump for 8oof 3an+s calculations could be determined by

considering the number and type of fittings to be used and its individual loading

unitEs factor* So/ by totaling up the number of loading unitEs factor then only the

re<uired 1esign Ilow 8ates (5gmin* 6 5mperial Gallon!min* could be determined

by referring to P4'=&'# Graph 6 Iig*' (Water Supply 8ules 6 708

· All 3otal Pump 9ead need to be considered by estimating the 3otal Pump

9ead (3P9 would be considered same li+e determining the Suction Pump*

· A "rea+ 3an+ for old Water Plumbing Services only needed as per SNA"AS

re<uirement if the 9igh 8ise Apartment!ondominium level height above $# m*

· "elow table is a sample plant room , risers that for 9igh 8ise Apartment!ondominium that need to be clarified with S*>Es Architects



S$' P'*+ R,,$ -, C,'/ +

8oof tan+

room

'=m O '=m O )*m

(9

entre roof

area

8oof pump

room

)m O %m O 4m (9 Shall be

attached to roof

tan+ room

Suction tan+

room

'=m O #m O 4*#m

(9

Within

apartment

footprintSuction pump

room

)m O 4m O 4*#m (9 Shall be

attached to

suction tan+

room

old water

riser

'*%m O =*$#m 8e<uired near

staircase '/ % ,

4

C,'/ W+ B T* (3- B3'/3* 535+ 6 7%$)(3A0 3NP: & I8P

a 3an+

Si;ing

)m(W O )m(2 O

%m(9

Ior the building

height above

$#m* Within '

no* of

apartment unit

for "loc+ A , "*

At 2evel '$th*Sharing with

the apartment

unit of Wet

8iser brea+

tan+*

b 3an+ ,

Pump 8oom )m(W O $m(2 O

%m(9S3$$3* P,,' R#3$*+

a Swimming

Pool

"alancing

3an+ 8oom

(W O #(2 O #(9 Within

apartment

footprint

(TANK TYPE RC)

Swimming

Pool

"alancing

#(W O #(2 O #(9 Shall be

attached to

swimming pool



LESSON LEARNED

- meter , water tan+ position for multistorey building with individual tan+ must be

labeled!tagged*

- Stop coc+ for each water tan+ shall be located at each individual floor level

( shop lot etc*



C) AIR 8 CONDITIONING & MECHANICAL VENTILATION SERVICES

· All proposed design guidelines are based on 9CA and Air 6 onditioning

System 6 AS98A:!MAS98A: or SMAA

· Ma+e sure all proposed design calculations and drawings for Air - onditioning

and Mechanical Centilation System need to be prepared for 3ender for

onstruction purposes*

· 3he selection of hiller Qnit is firstly to 1etermine the tentative heat loads for

hiller ondensing unit by doing the estimation on the Average between

maOimum and minimum of Grand 3otal ooling 2oad!effective area/ S<*It* as

can be referred to 3able ' 6 1esign and ooling 2oad hec+s (e*g* G3 6

9ospital @ D= "tuh!S<*It* Iactories @ D= "tuh!S<*It*/ >ffices @ $# "tuh!S<*It*/

Shopping ompleOes @ = "tuh!S<*It* 9ouses/ ondominiums , Apartments @# "tuh!S<*ft* and etc**

· 3hen only the hiller ooling 2oad in R"tuhE Qnit need to convert into 3on of

8efrigerant - 3*8 (' 3*8 @ '%/=== "tuh and not to forget by adding up the Safety

factor of '= to '# percent*

· Smo+e ontrol System for the Air 9andling Qnit for all types of buildings

should consider the Suction Air and 8eturn Air* A basic rule of thumbs as referred

from below formula

IM (Suction Air @ 8S9 (8oom Sensible 9eat!'*=D '# and IM (8eturn Air

@ =*D G3

· ooling 3ower Qnit need to be determined by //3* 2%9 (i*e* multiply by

factor of '*%# from the total hiller ooling Qnit* (3*8 unit



· 3he Air 6 ooled Supply Celocity from the A9Q 6 Air 9andling Qnit could be

determined by using the 1uctulator (e*g* 38A:/ N>80 1Q9AM "QS9

· Air Ian apacity for 0itchen Area (m!hr @ 0itchen 8oom Si;e (m %#

A9 ! ' hr*

· 0itchen 9ood Si;e @ W (m 2 (m '*=% (h

· Suction Air Ian at the 0itchen 9ood (IM @ ('*) =*)m!s %(WH2 '*=%/

by converting to IM Grille losses/ =*#Bwg

D) FIRE PROTECTION SERVICES & FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

· All proposed design calculations and drawings for Iire Protection Services ,

Iire Alarm System need to follow a design guidelines that based on the boo+

title Guide 3o Iire Protection in Malaysia 6 %nd*edition/ March %== (Active

Submission/ by refer to hapter # to '4 6 Portable Iire :Otinguisher/ :Oternal

Iire 9ydrant System/ 9ose 8eel System/ 1ry 8iser System/ Wet 8iser System/

1owncomer System/ Automatic Sprin+ler System/ Automatic >% :Otinguishing

System/ and Automatic Iire 1etection , alarm System

· Pressurisation System in "uilding/ Smo+e ontrol System Qsing atural

1isplacement or Powered :Otracted Centilation/ Iire 2ift/ and :mergency Power

System would be put under separate submission due to the building

re<uirements (by refer to hapter ') to '$

· All Passive Submission and Performance "ase would be under Architectural

and ,S Scope of Wor+s >nly* (hapter ) and 'D only

· Ma+e sure all proposed design calculations and drawings for Active Iire

Protection Services need to be prepared for 3ender for onstruction purposes

and ">M"A submission and approval*

· P,+:' F3 E;+3*3"5 8

5t could be categorised into different types of Media and Application!lasses by

following its olour oding



v Water 6 Suit for ?lass A fires (in red colour code

v Ioam 6 Suit for lass A , " fires (in cream colour code

v 1ry hemical Powder 6 Suit for lass A/ "/ and : fires (in blue colour code

v arbon 1ioOide 6 Suit for lass " , : fires (in blac+ colour code

v 9alon 6 Suit for Military/ Aviation or Special Application (in golden yellow colour

code

v Wet hemical System 6 new re<uirement by ">M"A that need to be installed at

all 0itchen Areas* 6 suit under lass I

v Selection of the P*I*: 6 Potable Iire :Otinguisher e*g*/ at the floor area of

'==mV&

=*=# '== @ '=)A

'=)A @ '4A D Qnits of PI: ylinders ) 0g or

'=DA @ %$A ) Qnits of PI: ylinders 0g

· E;+*' F3 H</*+ S<"+$ 8

v 1esign Standard 6 MS')D Part ' (9ydrant System/ 9ose 8eels and Ioam 5nlets

- MS'4# Part ' (Pillar 9ydrant

v 1esign Method could be categorised into two types of eOternal fire hydrantsystems

1irect from main inta+e to all the pillars

Pressurised by Iire Pumps

v Pillar 9ydrant 2ocation is X 4=m from the breeching inlet at the building

v 9ydrant Pillar System location Y m from the building if it is a 9igh 8ise "uilding

v 9ydrant Pillar Spacing Z =m in between and each location has a min* m (width

that could withstand % tons*

v :ach 9ydrant Pillar should be provided with 4=m of #mm dia* anvas 9ose/

oupling and o;;les that to be placed in the special cabinets nearby*

v 5n any special case for Pressurised 5nstallation (used Pumps each 9ydrant Pillars

(twin outlets need to have a Water Supply at the minimum flow rates of '===

lit*!min ('m!h and at Wor+ing Pressure of ) "ar (#D Psi!m head!4=ft* head*



v :ach outlets from the 9ydrant Pillars 6 #== lit!min (=*# m!h and at min* Wor+ing

Pressure of % "ar (% Psi!)*#m head!'#ft* head

v Pressure 8egulating type of outlet valve need to be introduced if ever the outlet

pressure from the fire mains boost to $ "ar ('='*# Psi!'m head!#4ft* head

v Pipe Material of the 9ydrant Systems could be categorised into two (% types that

approved by ">M"A

ement 2ined Steel Pipe

A"S (anti corrosion pipe

v 9ydrant Pump Specifications >ne (' Qnit Standby 6 4 m!min (4=== lit*!min 6

:lectrical!1iesel :ngine driven/ >ne (' Qnit >n 1uty - 4 m!min (4=== lit*!min 6

:lectrical driven and >ne (' unit of 7oc+ey Pump 6 3o maintain system pressure

and as a Start 6 Qp for >n 1uty!Standby Pumps and usually an electrical motor

driven with a capacity of around '%= lit*!min (=*'% m!min

3he Ilow rates for both Standby!>n 1uty 9ydrant Pumps could be increased

depends upon the number of Pillar 9ydrants to be installed

v because the limitation for the flow rates of 4=== lit!min each pumps are only

limited to 4 n*o*s of Pillars hydrant only i*e* ' n*o*s of Pillar 9ydrant @ '=== lit*!min and as eOample if n*o*s of Pillars 9ydrant @ === lit* !min and so forth*

v 3he 9ydrant Pump - Set should be protected from weather (i*e* effect by flooding

season

v 3he Iire Water Storage 3an+ should be si;ed for a minimum effective capacity of

'4#/ === lit* !min (ApproOimately& 4#/=== to 4/=== 5mp* Gallons that would

consider the Qpper 2evel height (free board and bottom level height

(==mm!=*m

v "efore doing any testing on the 9ydrant Pumps all procedures below need to be

followed

Starting the duty pump-set at D=J of the system pressure

Starting the standby pump 6 set at =J of the system pressure and



Starting and Stopping the .oc+ey pump 6 set at =J and ''=J of the system

pressure*

· H," R' S<"+$ 8

v D"3* S+*//

M*S*')D Part '& 9ydrant System/ 9ose 8eels and Ioam 5nlets

M*S*'))$ - 9ose 8eels with semi 6 rigid hose

M*S*')DD& Semi 6 rigid hoses for first aid fiOed installations*

v D"3* M+5,/ ,- H," R' S<"+$=

5t should be complied with M*S*'))$ and stated detailed under the '=th*Schedule

(refer to Q""2

3he location for each hose reel are usually to be placed where could cover 4=

meters of hose coverage between the hose reels stac+*

:ach hose reel outlet to discharge a minimum of 4= lit!min ('*D m!min of water

within meters of all parts of the space protected*

3he rubber hoses should comply to M*S ')DD (min& 4= m in length

Si;e of 9ose 8eel Pipe is #=mm (nom* dia* and the material is Galvanised Steel 6 Medium Grade lass " for above ground but for Qnderground G*5 Pipe -9eavy

Grade lass , to be feed to individual hose pipe si;e Y %#mm dia*

3he pipe shall be painted with primer and finished with red paint or may be

identified with red bands*

9ose 8eel Pumps 6 ' (>ne unit on 1uty and ' (>ne unit on Standby

Pump Ilow 8ates 6 '%= lit!min[ operating pressure at % to 4 bars () 9ose 8eels

could be activated at one time

3he Standby 9ose 8eel Pump 6 Set should be supplied with power from the

emergency generator or diesel engine driven (fuel supply should be ade<uate for

min* ' hour of operation

Starting and Stopping the 1uty pump-set need to be set at D=J and '==J of

System pressure respectively



Starting and Stopping the Standby pump 6 set need to be set at =J to '==J of

system pressure respectively*

1iesel pump 6 set should be capable of automatic starting but should only be

stopped manually*

5f the total hose reel X ) Qnits than no need to use emergency power i*e

:lectrical Generator or 1iesel :ngine 1riven*

All hose reels system shall not be tapped off from Automatic Sprin+ler System

Min* Iloor Si;e Area of 9ose 8eel Stac+s & '%==mm - 2ength D==mm - 1epth

(mmV

Minimum :ffective apacity of Iire Water Storage 3an+ should be si;ed based

%%$# litres (#== 5g for the first hose reel and ''4$*# liters (%#= 5g for every

additional hose reel* 3he maOimum effective capacity is approOimately '== litres

(%==' 5g*

3he Material used for the Iire 3an+ is either made from Pressed Steel (hot

dipped galvanised and coated internally with "ituminous paints for corrosion

protection/ I8P 6 Iiberglass 8einforced Plastics or 8* oncrete*

3his 9ose 8eel 3an+ need to be refilled with #=mm Supply pipe and at the min*

flow rates of '#=lit!min (44 5gpm

Pump 8ooms would be located at the Ground Iloor or 8oof Iloor 2evel and themin* Iire Protection Plant 8oom Si;e as following below table

Plant 8oom for 9ose 8eel 3an+

9ose 8eel

3an+ 8oom

4(W O

%(2 O

#(9

Within apartment footprint and

could be shared with Wet

8iser 3an+ 8oom if

8e<uired*

5f the location of hose reel

tan+ at roof top than it is

(3A03NP: & 8



advisable to combine with a

8oof Storage Water 3an+ (i*e

Shopping ompleOes li+e

arrefour/ 3esco or Giant

· D< R3" S<"+$ 8

v D"3* S+*//


M*S*'%'= Part %& 2anding Calves for 1ry 8isers

M*S '%'= Part 4& 5nlet "reeching 5nlet for 8isers 5nlet

M*S '%'= Part )& "oOes for 2anding Calves for 1ry 8isers

v D"3* M+5,/ ,- D< R3" S<"+$= 5t should be complied with Q""2 'D)/ the by 2aws %4= and %4%

1ry 8isers are a form of internal hydrant and are only re<uired for buildings

where the topmost floor is higher than 'D*4 meters and less than 4=*# meters*

1ry 8isers are basically dry and all depends upon the Iire :ngine to pump water

into the system by considering the "reeching 5nlet to be located about 4= meters

from the :Oternal 9ydrant System*

2anding Calves are provided on each floor and should comply with M*S '%'=&

Part %*

3hose 2anding Calves would be located within the fire access lobbies/ protected

staircases or other protected lobbies at not more than =*$# meters from the floor

level*



3o protect the landing valves/ boOes may be provided and these should comply

with M*S*'%'= Part )*

Iire 9ose 8eel Pipings \ 4Dmm dia*/ 4= meters in length/ complete with #mm

dia* Fuic+ oupling and no;;le should be provided at each landing valve*

"reeching 5nlet would be installed at the bottom of the riser and should comply

with M*S* '%'=& Part 4* 3he breeching inlet is enclosed within a boO/ the

enclosure should comply with M*S*'%'= Part # and labeled R1ry 8iser 5nletE and a

typical drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system

after used*

% 6 Way "reeching 5nlet should be provided for a '==mm dia* >f dry riser pipes

but ) 6 Way "reeching 5nlets & %==mm dia* >f 1ry 8iser Pipes and should be

located 'D meters from the fire appliance access road* (the distance of fire

fighters truc+ to be placed

3he riser pipe diameter si;e 6 '#=mm usually located within the fire access lobby

or staircase if the highest outlet is more than %%*D$#m above the breeching inlet*

>therwise the riser pipe diameter si;e 6 '==mm*

3he material of the 8iser Pipe shall be Galvanised 5ron to "*S* '4D$ (heavy

gauge or lass / tested to %' "ars (4=# Psi

All feeding Pipe-wor+s that runs hori;ontally need to be sloped to enable proper draining after used and also an Air 8elease Calve should be installed at the top of

the riser to relief air trapped in the system*

3he riser pipe should be electrically earthed or connected to the building earth to

achieve e<uipotential*

3he riser to be hydraulically tested to a pressure of ') "ars for % hours that to be

measured at the "reeching inlet and not forget to chec+ all lea+age at the .oints

and landing valves connections*

· W+ R3" S<"+$ 8

v D"3* S+*//







v D"3* M+5,/ ,- W+ R3" S<"+$=

5t should be complied with Q""2 'D)/ the by 2aws %4'/ %4% and %)D

Wet 8isers are a form of internal hydrant and are always charged with water* 3he

topmost floor is higher than 4=*# meters and less than $=*'# meters for each

stage of Wet 8isers* 5f \ than $=*'# meters/ so a "rea+ 3an+ is re<uired*

Wet 8iser System comprises duty fire pump with standby pump discharging into

a '#=mm diameter riser pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which

canvas hose with no;;les can be connected to direct the water .et at the fire*

3he function of a 7oc+ey Pump is to maintain system pressure*

2anding valves that usually being installed at each floor should comply with M*S*

'%'=& Part ' and located within fire fighting access lobbies/ protected staircases

or other protected lobbies*

3he height of the landing valves should be X =*$# m from the floor level and for

the safety purposes this landing can be protected by providing boOes and need to

comply with M*S '%'=& Part )

8ecommended pressure for each landing valve should be in between ) to $ bars(#D to '=% Psi

2anding Calve could be categorised into two types & -

v Pressure reducing type with relief outlet 6 re<uire a wet

riser return pipe

v Pressure reducing type without relief outlet

Si;e of the Iire 9ose anvas type Y 4Dmm and the re<uired length is 4=m*

complete with #mm dia* >f <uic+ coupling and .et and spray no;;le should be

provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve*

"reeching 5nlet for the Wet 8iser System is normally same with the 1ry 8iser

System where the firemen could usually pump the water from the water source



(:Oternal Iire 9ydrant Pillar 6 located X 4=m from the breeching inlet into the

Wet 8iser Storage 3an+ to ma+e 6 up for water used*

3hese breeching inlets need to be located X 'Dm from the fire appliance access

road*

3he "reeching inlet should be a ) 6 Way type complying with M*S '%'=& Part 4

and enclosed within a boO that also complies with M*S '%'=& Part #* 3hese boO

enclosures need to be labelled as RWet 8iser 5nletE and to provide a drain at the

bottom of the riser to drain the system after use*

Wet 8iser Main Pipeline usually located within the Smo+e 2obby or protected

areas and such that all spaces are to be within )#m coverage from a 2anding

Calve and more than one riser is re<uired for each floor*

1istance between the risers should not eOceed =m and also where between the

lowest and topmost landing valve in any upper stage risers*

3he Si;e of the Pipe 8iser should be '#=mm dia* (Galvanised 5ron to "*S* '4D$ 6

9eavy Gauge or lass

3he Si;e of 8elief Pipe shall be at min* of '==mm dia* (Galvanised 5ron to "*S*

'4D$ 6 Medium Gauge or lass "/ where discharging bac+ to the Wet 8iser 3an+

whenever possible and all air relief need to be installed at the top of the riser to

relief any air trapped in the system* 3he Wet 8isers pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss

paint or any special condition those wet riser pipes can be colour coded with red

bands of '==mm width but only at the elbows , tees need to be fully painted in

red*

All Wet 8iser Pipe should be electrically earthed to achieve e<uipotential with the

building*

3here two sets of Wet 8iser Pumps 6 >ne (' unit is on duty and >ne (' unit on

standby and both pump capacity are usually si;ed to deliver '#== l!min at a

running pressure in between ) to $ "ars that would cater for three (4 landing

valves at one time of operation during building in fire*

All Standby Wet 8iser Pump-set should be supplied with power from the

emergency generator set or otherwise by using a 1iesel :ngine 1riven*



All Iuel Supply should be ade<uate for minimum % hours of continuous mode of

operations*

"atteries for the 1iesel :ngine driven type of Standby Pump should maintenance

6 free type*

All electrical cabling to Supply Power the Wet 8iser Pumps should be of M5 or

Iire 8ated able 3ype*

All Wet 8iser Pump 6 Sets should be protected away from fire and flooded areas*

A Sump Pump need to be considered for any special case of that Wet 8iser

Pump 6 Sets to be located at the basement below the eOternal drainage levels*

3his Wet 8iser Pump 6 Sets room also need to be naturally or mechanical

ventilated with a necessary signage and to provide a >% 6 Portable 3ype of Iire

:Otinguisher for any case of fire*

:ffective apacity of the Wet 8iser 3an+ need to be si;ed up to minimum

capacity of )#/#== liters ('=/== 5mp* Gallon c!w automatic refill rate of )##

lit!min ('==*' 5gpm*

3he 5ntermediate "rea+ 3an+ for upper stages of the Wet 8iser should be si;ed

up to a minimum effective capacity of ''/4$# liters (%#=4 5mp* Gallon c!w

automatic refill rate of '4# lit!min (4==*4 5gpm*

Wet 8iser 3an+ Materials are usually from a Pressed Steel/ Iibre 8einforcedPolyester (I8P and 8einforced oncrete (8*

Pressed Steel 6 Wet 8iser 3an+ should be 9ot 1ipped Galvanised and oated

5nternally with "ituminous paint for corrosion protection*

"oth Pressed Steel and I8P 6 Wet 8iser 3an+ need to be compartmented unless

they are 8einforced oncrete (8* and all compartmented wet riser tan+s need

to provide with a separate "all Iloat Calves/ >verflow Pipes/ 1rain Pipes and

Water 2evel 5ndicator*

All Wet 8iser 3an+ need to be painted red or else a red band of minimum %==mm

should be painted to indicate that this is a fire tan+*

All Wet 8iser 3an+ could located on the Ground Iloor/ 'st*2ower Ground Iloor or

%nd*2ower Ground Iloor level*



Wet 8iser 3an+s are usually separated from the 1omestic Water Storage!Suction

3an+s but however could be combined with 9ose 8eel 3an+ and need to be

compartmented*

Pump Starter Panel should be complete with indicator lights as shown at the

appendiO 6 a*

All types of ventilation slots should be provided with insect screen to prevent

entry of vermin (small insects i*e* ants/ spiders and etc*

Power Supply cables to the panel should be of mineral insulated copper cable

(M5 or fire rated type of cables within areas with low ris+*

3he Iire Pump Starter panel should be placed within the same room as the fire

pumps it controls*

Wet 8iser Pumps need to be automatically started upon actuation of the pressure

switches but should only be stopped manually* Qsually three pressure switches

are provided with the following suggested pressure settings&

v starting the duty pump 6 set & D=J of the system pressure

v starting the standby pump 6 set& =J of the system

v pressure

v starting and stopping the .oc+ey pump 6 set at =J and

''=J of the system pressure respectively*

3esting re<uirements for the Wet 8iser System are the following

v Static Pressure 3est 6 to clear up the debris from the inside of 3hose main

wet risers and hydraulically the

pressure to be tested up to ') "ars or '#=J the Wor+ing

Pressure/ whichever is the

higher for % hours/ measured at the lowest landing valve

and a chec+ is carried out for

lea+age at all .oints and landing valve connections*

*

v Ilow 3est 6 A three way of landing valve should be provided on the roof or

topmost floor for testing purposes



where the main motif is to measure the water flow rates

· D,*>,$ S<"+$ 8

v D"3* S+*//





v D"3* M+5,/ ,- D,*>,$ S<"+$=

5t should be complied with Q""2 'D)/ relating to 1owncomer systems is the

'=th*Schedule and relevant standards for 1owncomer systems as above

mentioned*

1owncomers are a form of internal hydrant and are only re<uired for buildings

where the topmost floor is not higher than = meters above the fire appliance

access level and should be adopted for low cost flats only*

1owncomer system comprises a high level water storage tan+ discharging into a

'#=mm dia* 8iser pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which canvashose with no;;les can be connected to direct the water .et at the fire*

o pumps are provided and therefore the system pressure is limited to the static

pressure head only*

2anding Calves are provided on each floor and should comply with M*S '%'=&

Part %*

3hose 2anding Calves would be located within the fire access lobbies/ protected

staircases or other protected lobbies at not more than =*$# meters from the floor

level*

A Semi 6 rigid )=mm diameter hose and no;;les should be provided at every

landing valve on each floor*

5n addition/ two sets of fire hose of the canvas type of not less than 4Dmm

diameter/ 4= metres in length complete with #mm dia* <uic+ coupling and .et



and spray no;;le should be provided at the careta+ers unit or property

management office*

Iire 9ose 8eel Pipings \ 4Dmm dia*/ 4= meters in length/ complete with #mm

dia* Fuic+ oupling and no;;le should be provided at each landing valve*

A ) - Way type of "reeching 5nlet would be installed at the bottom of the riser and

should comply with M*S* '%'=& Part 4* 3he breeching inlet is enclosed within a

boO/ the enclosure should comply with M*S*'%'= Part # and labeled R1owncomer

5nletE and a typical drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the

system after used*

3his "reeching inlet should be located at no more than 'D metres from the fire

appliance access and not more than 4= metres from the nearest eOternal

hydrant*

A hec+ Calve need to be installed between the topmost landing valve and the

tan+ to prevent any bac+flow of water from the 1owncomer into the tan+*

3he 1owncomer mains are usually located within smo+e free lobby or protected

areas and that all spaces are to be within )# metres coverage from a landing

valve*

5f more than = metres/ so then need to have more than one riser is re<uired for

each floor* 3he 8iser Pipe si;e should be '#=mm and the material of the 8iser Pipe shall be

Galvanised 5ron to "*S* '4D$ (heavy gauge or lass / tested to %' "ars (4=#

Psi

All feeding Pipe-wor+s that runs hori;ontally need to be sloped to enable proper

draining after used and also an Air 8elease Calve should be installed at the top of

the riser to relief air trapped in the system*

All 1owncomer pipes should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss

paint or otherwise can be colour coded with red bands of '==mm width and the

elbows and tees painted red*

3he riser pipe should be electrically earthed or connected to the building earth to

achieve e<uipotential*



3he riser to be hydraulically tested to a pressure of ') "ars for % hours that to be

measured at the "reeching inlet and not forget to chec+ all lea+age at the .oints

and landing valves connections*

· A+,$+3> S3*' S<"+$ 8

v D"3* S+*//

"S : '%D)#& %==4 6 Automatic Sprin+ler Systems 6 1esign/ 5nstallation and

Maintenance*

IPA '4

"oth above standards need to be followed unless the specific aspect is not

covered in the selected standard*

v D"3* M+5,/ ,- A+,$+3> S3*' S<"+$=

5t should be complied with Q""2 'D)/ the by 2aws %% and %%D

An Automatic Sprin+ler System is designed for having a response to detect/

control and eOtinguishes a fire/ and warned the occupants of the occurrence of

fire*

"asic mechanical installations for the Automatic Sprin+ler System are such asli+e Iire Pumps/ Water Storage 3an+s/ ontrol Calve Sets/ Sprin+ler 9eads/ Ilow

Switches/ Pressure Switches/ Pipe 6 wor+s and valves* 3his system operates

automatically without human intervention*

3he Sprin+ler 9ead usually has a li<uid filled glass bulb that brea+s due to heat of

the fire and releases water that sprays over the fire*

3here are various types of Sprin+ler Systems are as follows

v Wet Pipe installation 6 ready filled up with water anddischarge once the

sprin+ler bulb brea+s

1ry Pipe installation 6 always filled up with air under pressure and air is

released once the sprin+ler bulb

brea+s then only the water fills the pipe and is discharged at the sprin+ler

head*



v Pre 6 action installation 6 normally charged with air unde pressure and a

valve is opened to fill the system with

water when fire is detected by smo+e or heat detectors and also when the

sprin+ler bulb brea+s*

v 1eluge 5nstallation 6 the sprin+ler head has no bulb and water is discharged

simultaneously from all heads

when fire is detected and the deluge valve is open

O>>*>< H?/" G,"=

v 2ight 9a;ards & on 6 5ndustrial occupancies with low <uantity and

combustibility contents/ e*g* apartments/

schools and hospitals*

v >rdinary 9a;ards & ommercial and 5ndustrial occupancies in which "y

handling and storing ordinary

combustible materials and group under the followings

- >9 Group 5 for offices/ restaurants and hotels/

- >9 Group 55 for laundries/ ba+eries and tobacco factory/

- >9 Group 555 for car par+s/ departmental stores/ large retail shops andcinemas/ clothing and paint factories and

- >9 Group 555S for match factories/ film and television studios*

v 'st oted to Mech* :ngr*Es &

6 for high rise buildings with multiple type of occupancies/

the ha;ard class recommended is >9 Group 555

v 9igh 9a;ards & ommercial and 5ndustrial occupancies in which "y handling

and storing the abnormal fire

loads covering process ha;ards/ high piled storage ha;ards/

oil and flammable li<uid ha;ards

and group under thefollowings



- Process 8is+/ e*g* clothing/ rubber/ wood wool and paint factories

9igh Piled Storage ris+s

could be categorised into four () categories ategory 5 6 arpets

and teOtile eOceeding )

meters in height/ ategory 55 6 furniture factory piled

- above 4 meters/ ategory 555 6 rubber/ waO coated paper piled \

%m and ategory 5C 6 for

foam/ plastics piled \ '*%m*

Sprin+ler Pump 8e<uirements

v ormal Standard 6 >ne (' unit on 1uty/ >ne (' unit on Standby and >ne

(' of 7oc+ey Pump

6 to maintain the system pressure*

v 3he nominal pressure and flow re<uirements under all types of ha;ards are

as the followings

- 2ight 9a;ard

'# meters& flow - =*4 m!min and at operating pressure of '*# bars

4= meters& flow - =*4) m!min and at operating pressure of '*D bars)# meters& flow - =*4$# m!min and at operating pressure of %*4 bars

- >rdinary 9a;ard Group 5

'# meters& flow 6 =* m!min and at operating pressure of '*% bars

4= meters& flow 6 '*'# m!min and at operating pressure of '* bars

)# meters& flow 6 '*4 m!min and at operating pressure of %*$ bars


'# meters& flow 6 '*$# m!min and at operating pressure of '*) bars

4= meters& flow 6 %*=# m!min and at operating pressure of %*= bars

)# meters& flow 6 %*4# m!min and at operating pressure of %* bars




'# meters& flow 6 %*%# m!min and at operating pressure of '*) bars

4= meters& flow 6 %*$= m!min and at operating pressure of %*= bars

)# meters& flow 6 4*'= m!min and at operating pressure of %*# bars

- >rdinary 9a;ard Group 555S

'# meters& flow 6 %*# m!min and at operating pressure of '* bars

4= meters& flow 6 4*=# m!min and at operating pressure of %*) bars

v 2*/. N,+/ +, M>5. E*.@" 8

for "uilding eOceeds )#m than the multiple stage of sprin+ler installations

should be implemented* 3his would be able to serve the full height of the building

with each stage not eOceeding )# meters*

A standby Sprin+ler Pump 6 Set should be supplied with power from the

emergency generator or else need to use a diesel engine driven* All 1iesel >il

Supply could withstand ) hours 6 >rdinary 9a;ards and hours for 9igh 9a;ard

applications*

All :lectrical abling to supply the power to the Sprin+ler Pumps should be a

fire rated cable type or M5* "atteries for the diesel engine also need to be a

maintenance 6 free type

All Sprin+ler Pumps that protecting the high rise buildings need to consider

the static pressure between the pump and the lowest sprin+ler head by adding up

to the above pump pressure re<uirement*

All Sprin+ler Pumps should be under positive head as far as possible/

protected from fire and flooded areas* Sump Pump could be considered if this

Sprin+ler Pump to be located at the "asement below the the eOternal drainage



levels* As usual this Pump 8oom that located at the basement need to be

naturally ! mechanical ventilated

c!w a necessary signage and must also provide a >% 6 Portable

:Otinguisher*

All Sprin+ler Pump Starter Panels and ontrols should be ompartmented

for each duty/ standby and .oc+ey pumps c!w indicator lights as shown in the

figure ''*% (as per the attachments at apprendiO - A

As normal practice all Iire Iighting Pump room need to provide with an

insect screen to prevent entry of vermin (e*g* insects/ flies/ coc+roach and etc*

and the location of Pump Starter Panel should be placed at the same room as

the fire pumps it controls*

Qsually three pressure switches are provided with the following Suggested

pressure settings&

v starting the duty pump 6 set & D=J of the system pressure

v starting the standby pump 6 set& =J of the system pressurev starting and stopping the .oc+ey pump 6 set at =J and ''=J of the system

pressure respectively*

:lectrical interloc+s should be provided so that the sprin+ler pumps at each

installation would not operate in

parallel simultaneously and a bu;;er should be sounded and the isolator

should be in the off or manual position*

All Sprin+ler Pump 6 Sets should be able to start automatically and stop

manually*

v Sprin+ler Iire 3an+s 6



- 2ight 9a;ard

'# meters& flow - m ('D= 5mp* Gallon

4= meters& flow - '= m (%%== 5mp* Gallon

)# meters& flow - '' m (%)%= 5mp* Gallon

>rdinary 9a;ard Group 5

'# meters& flow - ## m ('%/'== 5mp* Gallon

4= meters& flow - $= m ('#/)== 5mp* Gallon

)# meters& flow - D= m ('$/== 5mp* Gallon


'# meters& flow - '=# m (%4/'== 5mp* Gallon

4= meters& flow - '%# m (%$/#== 5mp* Gallon

)# meters& flow - ')= m (4=/D== 5mp* Gallon


'# meters& flow - '4# m (%/$== 5mp* Gallon

4= meters& flow - '= m (4#/%== 5mp* Gallon)# meters& flow - 'D# m ()=/$== 5mp* Gallon

- >rdinary 9a;ard Group 555S

'# meters& flow - '= m (4#/%== 5mp* Gallon

4= meters& flow - 'D#m ()=/$== 5mp* Gallon

- 9igh 9a;ard

Storage apacity shall be dependent on the design density of discharge in

mm!min

· 5t is noted for all Mechanical :ngineerEs to read and understand all other

standard , proceedures that re<uired from the



latest Iire Protection Services (Second :dition 6 %== at hapter ''/ '%/ '4/

')/ '# till hapter %=*

· 1esign reference from last and current pro.ects*

Mechanical Design Guidlines

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