Measurement Systems Analysis Help Files

8/18/2019 Measurement Systems Analysis Help Files

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Measurement System Analysis

Instruction ManualFebraury 2009

T h a n k y o u fo r s e l e ct i n g o u r s o f tw a r e p a c k ag e . T h i s p r o g r am i s o w n e d b y B P I C on s u l t i ng , L L C . T h i s p ro g r a m c an n o t b e

copied or used unless under license with BPI Consulting, LLC. BPI Consulting, LLC is not liable for any decisions made

b a se d o n t h e u s e o f t h i s s o ft w ar e p a ck a ge .

Requirements: This program is a Microsoft E xcel® add-in. You must Microsoft E xcel® for this program to work. This

p r o g r a m s u p p o r ts a n y v e r s i on o f E xc e l f ro m 2 0 0 0 o n .

BPI Consulting, LLC

2 0 3 1 4 La k e l a nd F a l l s

C y pr e ss , T X 7 7 43 3

281-304-9504

www.spcforexcel.com

© BPI Consulting, LLC, 2009


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Table of Contents

SPC for Excel Help Files 3 Measurement Systems Analysis 3 Crossed Gage R_R: Average/Range Method 4 Crossed Gage R_R: ANOVA Method 9 Nested Gage R_R 11 Range Gage R_R Method 15 Bias - Independent Sample Method 17 Bias - Control Chart Method 20 Linearity 24 Attribute Gage R_R 26


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SPC for Excel Help Files

M e as u re me n t S y st em s A na l ys i s

T h e M ea s u r e me n t S ys t e m s A n a l ys i s t e c h ni q u e s u s e d b y t h e p r o g r am a r e p r i m ar i l y ba s e d o n t h e f ol l o w i n g t w o

sources:

1. M e a s ur e m e n t S y s t e ms A n a l y si s , T h i rd E d i t i on , A I A G , Ma y 2 0 0 3 (www.aiag.org)

2. E valuating the Measurement System by Donald Wheeler and Richard Lyday, SPC Press, Knoxville, TN, 1989 (

www.spcpress.com)

B o t h a r e e x c e l le n t r e f e re n c e s f o r d e v e l op i n g a b e t t e r u n d e r st a n d i ng of t h e m e a s ur e m e n t s y s t e m. T h e p r o g r am h a s

the following components:

Crossed Gage R&R: Av erage and Range Method

G a ge R & R R e po r t ( A IA G f o rm a t)

Variation by Components Summary (variance, standard deviation, tolerance and process standard deviation)

Variance components chart

A v er a ge s c h ar t s – s t ac k ed a n d u n st a ck e d

Range charts – stacked and unstacked

Run chart by part

Scatter plots

W h i s k er s c h a r ts

E rror charts

N o r m al i z e d h i s t o gr a m s

X - Y P l ot s

R a n g e c h a rt s f o r e a c h o p e r a to r

Operator bias chart

Operator consistency chart

Crossed Gage R&R: ANOVA Method

G a ge R & R A N OV A R e po r t ( A IA G f o rm a t)

A N O V A t ab l e a n d r e s i d u al s p l o t ( A IA G f o r m at )

Variation by Components Summary (variance, standard deviation, tolerance and process standard deviation)


Nested Gage R&R

ANOVA Table

Variation by Components (variance, standard deviation, tolerance and process standard deviation)


Operator by batch

O p e r a to r a v e r a g e s c h a r t

Operator range chart

Range Method for Gage R&R

Bias Method – Independent S ample Method

Bias Method – Control Chart Method (checks S tability also)

http://www.aiag.org/http://www.aiag.org/http://www.spcpress.com/http://www.spcpress.com/http://www.spcpress.com/http://www.aiag.org/


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Linearity Method

Attribute Gage R&R

E f f e ct i v e n es s t a b l e ( at t r i b ut e G a g e R & R r e p o r t, A I A G f o r m at )

Crosstabulations

K a pp a v a lu e s

C ro ss ed G ag e R _R : A ve ra ge /R an ge M et ho d

T h e e xa m pl e b e lo w u s es t h e d at a f r om p a ge 1 0 1 o f M e as u r em e nt S y st e m A na l ys i s , Th i r d E d it i o n. T h e d at a i s

available in the workbook Gage R&R E xample Workbook.xls (default installation folder: My Documents/SPC for MS

E x ce l ). I n t h i s e x am p le , t hr e e op e r at o rs a re t e s ti n g 1 0 d i f f er e n t p ar t s t h r e e t i m e s . F o r mo r e i n fo r m a ti o n o n t h e

average/range method, please c l ic k h e re to s e e ou r n ew s l et t er o n t h is t o pi c .

T h e fi r s t st e p i n u s i n g t h e Ga g e R & R p r o g r am i s t o s e t u p t h e d at a e nt r y pa g e .

1. Select th e MSA icon ( ) o n the SPC t oolb ar.

2 . S e le c t t he “ S e tu p f o r t he c l a ss i ca l ( c ro s s ed ) G a ge R & R ” o p ti o n a n d O K .

3 . F i ll i n t h e i nf o rm a ti o n i n t h e f or m b el o w a nd s e le c t O K. Y o u m u st e n t er a l l t he i n f or m at i on . T h e n um b er o f

d e c i m al p l a c e s i n t h e m e a s ur e m e n t i s u se d f o r r o u n d in g i n t h e t i t l es o f t h e c o n t r o l ch a r t s . T h e n u m b er o f t r i a l s a nd

parts can range from 2 to 20; the number of operators can range from 1 to 25 (with one operator you will only get a

G a g e R & R r e p o r t b a s e d o n t h e a v e r ag e an d r a n g e m e t h o d) .

4 . F i ll i n t h e b l an k t e mp l at e t h at w a s g e ne r at e d o n a n e w w o rk s h ee t . A c o m pl e te d t e mp l at e i s s h ow n b e lo w . E n te r

the operator names in the upper right hand corner. The names will automatically appear in the first column. NOTE:

The program uses Microsoft Ex cel’s naming function to run. You cannot have spaces or certain characters (e.g. /).

Instead of using John Smith, use John_Smith.

E nter the rest of the information for Date, Gage Name, Gage Number, Gage Type, Product, Characteristic, ProcessS t a n d ar d D e v i a ti o n , U p pe r S p e c if i c a ti o n L i m i t , Lo w e r S p e ci f i c at i o n L i m i t , an d P e r f or m e d B y . N o n e o f t hi s i n f o r ma t i o n

i s r e q u i r ed t o r u n t h e p r o g r a m w i t h t h e p o s s i b l e e x c e p ti o n o f t h e s p e c i fi c a t io n l i m i t s a n d p r o c e ss s ta n d a rd d e v i a ti o n .

http://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-4-gage-rrhttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-4-gage-rrhttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-4-gage-rrhttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-4-gage-rr


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T h e se a r e r e qu i re d i f y o u a r e b as i n g t he a c ce p t ab i l it y o f t h e m ea s ur e me n t s ys t e m on o n e o f t h e se t w o . Y o u t h en

e n t e r th e d at a f r om t h e o p e r a to r s f or e a ch t r i a l a n d e a c h p a r t . A c o mp l e t e d t e m p l at e i s s h o w n b e l o w .

5. Select th e MSA icon ( ) on the SPC to olbar.

6 . S e l e c t t h e “ Ru n t h e an a l y s is ( h a ve e n t er e d d a t a )” o p t i o n u n d e r A v e r a ge / R a ng e M e th o d .

7. Select an option under “Base Acceptability on”:

i. Tolerances: Use this option if your parts have very little variation or not representative of the total variation

in your production process. To use this option, you must enter one or both of the specifications in the

t e mp l at e a s s h o wn a b ov e .

ii. Total Variation Based on Parts: Use this option if your parts are representative of the total variation in your

p r oc e ss . T h i s i s t h e d ef a ul t o p ti o n .

iii. Process Standard Deviation: U s e t h i s i f y o u r p a r t s a r e n o t r e pr e s e n t at i v e o f t h e t o t a l v a ri a t i o n i n y o u r

process and if you have a good estimate of the process standard deviation (e.g., from a control chart kept on

the process or a historical standard deviation). To use this option, you must enter the process standard

d e v i at i o n i n t h e t e m p l at e ab o v e .

8. Select an option under “Charts to Include”:

i . A l l C h a r t s: t hi s w i l l g e n e r at e al l th e ch a r t s a s s o c ia t e d w i t h t h e s t u d y ; t h i s i s t h e d e f a u lt s et t i n g

i i . N o C h a r t s: o n l y t h e G a g e R& R r e p o r t w il l b e g e n e r a te d

i i i . S e l e c t C h a r ts : o n ly t h e c h a r ts y o u s e l e c t w i l l be g e ne r a t e d; i f y o u s e l e c t t h i s o p t i o n, y o u w i l l s e e th e f o rm

b e l o w ; s e l e c t t h e ch a r t s t o i n c l u de a n d t h e n O K .


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9 . S e le c t t h e s i g ma m u lt i pl i er . T h is i s t h e v a lu e by w hi c h t h e s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o n i s m u lt i pl i ed . T h e d e fa u lt v al u e i s 6 .

S i x s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o ns c a pt u re 9 9 .7 3 % o f t h e pr o ce s s d a ta . T h e AI A G r e fe r e nc e u se d 5 . 15 f o r so m e ti m e wh i chc a pt u re s 9 9 % of t h e pr o ce s s d a ta .

1 0 . S e l e c t O K to r u n t h e p r o g r am an d g e n e r at e th e re s u l t s .

Crossed Gage R&R Av erage/Range Output

T h e fo l l o w i n g w o r k s h ee t s a r e g e n e r at e d r e g a r dl e s s o f t h e o p t i o n s e l e c te d f o r a d d i t io n a l c h a r ts :

G a g e R & R R e p o r t ( n a m ed R e p o r t f o l l o w ed t h e na m e o f y o u r s t u d y ) - A I A G f o r m at i s f o l l o w ed .

R & R S u m ma r y – b r e a k s d o w n t h e v a r i at i o n i n t o c o m p o ne n t s : v a r ia n c e , s t an d a r d d e v i a ti o n , t o l e r an c e ( i f o n e o r

b o th t h e s p ec i fi c at i o ns w e re e n te r ed i n t h e t e mp l at e ) a n d p r o ce s s s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o n ( i f e n t er e d i n t h e

template).

Variance Component Chart – plots the percentages in the R&R summary to allow comparisons.

T h e o u t p u t f o r t h e A I A G G a ge R & R r e p o r t i s s h o w n b e l o w u s i n g t h e a c ce p t a n ce c r i t e r i a b as e d o n t h e t o t a l v a ri a t i o n

o f t h e p ar t s. T h e t op p a rt o f t h e w or k sh e et g i v es t h e g ag e i n fo r ma t io n . T h e m id d le p a r t of t h e w or k sh e et s h o ws t h e

calculations and results for the repeatability, reproducibility, Gage R&R, part variation and total variation as well ast h e p e r c e nt a g e s b a s e d o n t o t a l v a r i at i o n i n t h e p a r t s a n d t o l e r an c e s ( i f t h e s p e c i fi c a t io n s w e r e e n t e r e d i n t o t h e

t e m p l at e ) . T h e bo t t o m p a r t o f t he w o rk s h e e t c o n t ai n s th e c on c l u s i on s b as e d o n t h e o pt i o n s e l e c te d ( t o l e ra n c e s ,

p a r t va r i a ti o n o r h i s to r i c al s t a nd a r d d e v i a ti o n ) . T h e s i gm a m u l t i pl i e r is u s e d t o d e t e r mi n e t h e % t o l e ra n c e v a l u e s.


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Note: if you select the option of basing the results on the process standard deviation, that standard deviation is used

in place of the calculation for TV in the table above.

T h e o u tp u t f ro m t h e R & R su m m a ry s h e et i s g i v e n b e l o w . T h e t o p p a r t of t h e w o rk s h e e t c o n t a in s t h e r es u l t s f o r t he

variances and the % contribution due to the variances. The total in this column will add to 100. The bottom part of

t h e w o r k s h e et c o n t a i n s t h e r e s u l t s f o r t h e s t a n d ar d d e v i a ti o n s a n d % c o n t r i b u t io n s t o t h e s i g m a m u l t i pl i e r t i m e s t h e

s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o n a s w e ll a s % t ol e ra n ce an d % p ro c es s ( i f e n te r ed i n to t h e t e mp l at e ).

The other worksheet added is a plot of the components of variation. The chart for this data is shown below. It

contains the percentages from the R&R worksheet for % contributions to variance, standard deviation, tolerance,and process for repeatability, reproducibility, total gage R&R and part to part variations.


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A n y c ha r ts t h at w e r e s e le c te d a r e g en e ra t ed o n s e p ar a te w o r k sh e et s i n t h e w o rk b oo k . A s u m ma r y o f e a ch c h ar t i s

g i ve n b e lo w .

Stacked Averages Chart – the average of each operator on each part is plotted by operator using the part

n u m b e r a s t h e in d e x . T h e r e i s o n e l in e f or e ac h o p e r a to r . T h i s h e l p s d e t e r mi n e ho w c on s i s t e nt t h e o p e r a to r s

a r e . T h e o v e ra l l a ve r a g e an d c o n t r o l l i m i t s a r e a ls o p l o t t e d. I f t h e p a r t s re p r e s en t t h e to t a l ( tr u e ) v a r i at i o n i n

t h e p ro c es s , at l e a st h a l f o f t h es e s p o in t s s h o ul d b e o u t o f c o nt r ol . I f t h is n o t t he c a se , t h e me a su r em e nt s y s te m

d o e s n o t h a ve t h e a b i l i ty t o d i s t i n gu i s h b e t w e e n s a m p l es ( p o o r r e s o lu t i o n ) o r t he p a r t s d o n o t r e f l e ct t h e t o t a l

v a ri a ti o n i n t h e p r o ce s s .

Unstacked Averages Chart – same as the stacked chart but the operators are plotted together, not separately.

Stacked Range Chart – used to show the range of each operator’s trials on a part and includes the average range

a n d c o nt r o l l i mi t s . T h e re i s o n e l i ne f or e ac h o p er a to r . T h e c h ar t is u s ed t o d e t er m in e if t h e p r o ce s s i s i n c o nt r ol .If there are out of control points, the special causes need to be found and eliminated. Care should be taken with

i n t e r pr e t i n g t h e G ag e R &R r e s u l t s i f t h e r e a r e s pe c i a l c a u s e s p r e s e nt . S p e c i al c a us e s o c c u r i f t h e r e a r e p oi n t s

beyond the control limits.

Unstacked Range Chart – s a m e a s t h e s t a c k e d r a n g e c h ar t b u t t h e o p e r a t o rs a r e p l o t t e d a s o n e l i n e .

Run Chart by Part – plots the individual readings by part for all operators to help see if there are any outliers and

to see the variation in the individual parts.

Scatter Plot – plots the individual readings by part-by-operator to examine how consistent the operators are, to

look for part-operator interactions, and to look for outliers.

Whiskers Charts – plots the high, average, and low value by part for each operator to examine how consistent

t h e o p e r a to r s a r e , t o l o o k f o r p a r t -o p e r a to r i n t e r a ct i o n s , a n d t o l o o k f o r o u t l i er s ( s a m e i t e ms a s f o r t h e s c a t t e r

plot).

E r r o r C h a rt s – plots the error (observed value – average measurement of the part) by part-operator to

d e t e r mi n e w h i c h o p e r a to r m a y h a v e b i a s a n d w h i c h o p e r a to r h a s t h e m o s t v a r i ab i l i t y .

N o r m al i z e d H i s t og r a ms – plots the normaliz ed value (observed value – average measurement of part) as a

h i s t o g ra m t o d e t e r mi n e h o w t h e e r r o r i s d i s t r i bu t e d b y o p e r a t or .

X-Y Plot – plots the average of the readings by each operator against the overall part averages to examine

c o n s i st e n c y i n l i n e a r it y b e t w e en o p e r a to r s .

Appraiser Charts – c o ns i s ts o f t h re e c h ar t s:

* Range charts f o r e a ch o p e ra t or t o d e te r mi n e i f ea c h i s i n c o nt r o l

* Bias chart f o r a l l o p e r a to r s t o d e t e r mi n e i f d i f f e re n t o p e r at o r s d i s p l ay d e t e c t ab l y d i f f er e n t a v er a g e

v a l u e s f o r t h e p a r t s .

* C o n s i s te n c y c h a rt f o r a l l o p er a t o r s t o d e t e r mi n e i f d i f f e re n t o p e r at o r s d i s p l a y d e t e c ta b l y d i ff e r e n t

standard deviations for the parts.


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Crossed Gage R_ R: ANOVA Method

T h e s e t -u p f o r t he A N O V A me t h o d i s t h e s a me a s f o r t h e A v e r ag e a n d R a n g e M e t h o d. P l e a se f o l l o w t h e i n st r u c t io n s

for steps 1 through 4 for the A v e r a ge a n d R a n g e M et h o d. T h en f o ll o w t h e s t e ps b e lo w .


2. Select the “Run the analysis (have entered data) option under the ANOVA Method.

3 . S e le c t t h e s i gm a m u lt i pl i er . T h is i s t h e v a lu e by w hi c h t h e s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o n i s m u lt i pl i e d. T h e d e fa u lt v al u e is 6 .

S i x s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o ns c a pt u re 9 9 .7 3 % o f t h e pr o ce s s d a ta . T h e AI A G r e fe r e nc e u se d 5 . 15 f o r so m e ti m e wh i chc a pt u re s 9 9 % of t h e pr o ce s s d a ta .

4 . S e le c t O K t o r u n t h e p ro g ra m a n d g e n er a te t h e r e s ul t s.

Crossed Gage R&R ANOVA Method Output

T h e f o ll o w in g w o rk s he e ts a r e g e ne r at e d:

A N O V A R e p o rt ( n a m e d A N O V A R e p o rt f o l l o w e d b y t h e n a m e o f y o u r s t u d y) - A I A G f o r m a t i s f o l lo w e d .

GRR ANOVA – contains the ANOVA table and residuals plots.

A N O V A R & R S u mm a r y – b r e a k s d o w n t h e v a r i at i o n i n t o c o m p o ne n t s : v a ri a n c e , s t an d a r d d e v i a ti o n , t o l e r an c e ( i f

s p ec s w e re e n te r ed i n t h e t e mp l at e ) a n d p r oc e ss s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o n ( i f e n t er e d i n t h e t e mp l at e ).

ANOVA Variance Component Chart – plots the percentages in the ANOVA R&R summary to allow comparisons.

The ANOVA Report output is shown below. It contains the Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility ANOVA Method

Report as outlined by AIAG. The top part of the report contains the gage information. The middle part of the

w o r ks h ee t c o nt a in s t h e re s ul t s o f t h e an a ly s is . T h e ac c ep t ab i li t y of t h e me a su r em e nt s y st e m is b a se d o n %

contribution, not on % total variation. The method is acceptable if the % contribution is less than 10%.


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The bottom part of the worksheet contains the number of distinct categories as well as the total variation and %

t o l e r an c e i n f o r ma t i o n i f t h e s p e c i fi c a t io n s w e r e e n t e r ed o n t h e t e m p l at e .

The “GRR ANOVA” worksheet contains the ANOVA table, a breakdown by source of variation and the residuals plot

a s s h ow n b e lo w . T h e r es i d ua l s c h ar t p l ot s t h e r es i d ua l v er s us t h e a ve r ag e f o r ea c h o p er a to r f o r ea c h p a rt . T h e

r e s i d u al i s t h e r e s u l t m in u s t h a t a ve r a g e . T h e p o i n t s s ho u l d b e r a n d o ml y s c a t te r e d a b o v e a nd b e l o w z e r o.


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T h e o th e r tw o w o r k s h ee t s a r e ti t l e d “ A N O V A R & R S u m m ar y ” a n d “ A N O V A V a r C o m p ” . T h e s e a r e th e s am e as t h o s e

g e n e r at e d f o r t h e A v e r a ge / R a ng e m e th o d . P l e a s e s e e t h e i n f o r ma t i o n i n t h e A v e r ag e / R an g e m e t h o d se ct io n o f t hi s

manual for more information.

Nested Gage R_ R

A n e s t e d G a g e R& R i s u se d w h e n y o u c a n ' t ha v e e ac h o p e r a to r t e s t t h e s a me p a r t . I t m a y b e t h a t t h e p a rt i s

d e s t r o ye d d u r i n g t h e t e st ( d e s t r u ct i v e t e s ti n g ) .

The data for this example is in the workbook Gage R&R E xample Workbook.xls (default installation folder: My

D oc um en ts /S PC f or M S E xc el ). T h is e xa mp le i nv ol ve s t es ti ng t he h ar d ne ss o f s te el t ub es . T he h ar dn es s t es t i nv ol ve s

a s m a l l pi e c e o f t h e s t e el . H o w e ve r , t h e s am e p i e ce c a n ’ t be r e t e s te d b y a n o t he r o p e r at o r . T h e t e s t wi l l b e d o n e by

t a ki n g tw o s a mp l es f r om e a ch t u be . O n e o pe r at o r wi l l r un t h os e t w o s a mp l es . E a ch o p er a to r w il l d o t h is f o r 5

tubes.


2 . S e le c t th e “ Se t up f o r ne s t ed G a ge R &R o p ti o n a n d O K .


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3 . F i ll i n t h e i nf o rm a ti o n i n t h e f or m a bo v e an d s e le c t O K. Y o u m u st e n t er a l l t he i n f or m at i on . T h e n um b er o f

d e c i m al p l ac e s i n t h e m e a s u re m e n t i s us e d t o r o u n d t h e t i t l e s i n t h e c o n t r o l c h a r ts .

4 . F i ll i n t h e b l an k t e mp l at e t h at w a s g e ne r at e d o n a n e w w o rk s h ee t . A p a r ti a l c om p le t ed t e mp l at e i s s h o wn b e l ow .

E nter the operator names in the upper right hand corner. The names will automatically appear in the first column.

NOTE: The program uses Microsoft Ex cel’s naming function to run. You cannot have spaces or certain characters

(e.g. /). Instead of using John Smith, use John_Smith.

E nter the rest of the information for Date, Gage Name, Gage Number, Gage Type, Product, Characteristic, Process

S t a n d ar d D e v i a ti o n , U p pe r S p e c if i c a ti o n L i m i t , Lo w e r S p e ci f i c at i o n L i m i t , an d P e r f or m e d B y . N o n e o f t hi s i n f o r ma t i o n

i s r e q u i r ed t o r u n t h e p r o g r a m w i t h t h e p o s s i b l e e x c e p ti o n o f t h e s p e c i fi c a t io n l i m i t s a n d p r o c e ss s ta n d a rd d e v i a ti o n .

T h e se a r e r e qu i re d i f y o u a r e b as i n g t he a c ce p t ab i l it y o f t h e m ea s ur e me n t s ys t e m on o n e o f t h e se t w o . Y o u t h en

enter the data from the operators for each trial and each part. A completed data entry screen is shown below.


6 . S e le c t t he “ R u n t h e a na l ys i s ( ha v e e nt e re d d a ta ) ” u n d er t h e N e st e d G a ge R & R M e th o d a n d t h en s e le c t O K.

7 . S e le c t t h e s i gm a m u lt i pl i er . T h is i s t h e v a lu e by w hi c h t h e s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o n i s m u lt i pl i e d. T h e d e fa u lt v al u e is 6 .

S i x s t an d ar d d e vi a ti o ns c a pt u re 9 9 .7 3 % o f t h e pr o ce s s d a ta . T h e AI A G r e fe r e nc e u se d 5 . 15 f o r so m e ti m e wh i ch

c a pt u re s 9 9 % of t h e pr o ce s s d a ta .


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Nested Gage R&R Output

T h e f o ll o w in g w o rk s he e ts a r e g e ne r at e d:

Nested GRR – contains the ANOVA table and variation by components (variance, standard deviation, tolerance

a n d p r o ce s s )

V a ri a nc e c o mp o n en t s c h ar t – p l ot s t h e p e r ce n ta g es i n t h e N e s te d G R R w o rk s he e t

Operator by batch chart – plots the results for each operator by batch

O p e r a to r a v e r ag e s c h a r t – d e t e r mi n e s i f a n y r e s u l t s a r e o u t o f c o n t r o l f o r t h e a v e r ag e r e s u l t s f o r e a c h b a t c h; th e

m o r e o u t o f c o n t r o l p o in t s t h e b e t t e r t h e m e as u r e m en t s y s t e m

O p e r a to r r an g e ch a r t – d e te r m i n es i f e a c h o p e r a to r ’ s v a r i at i o n i s t h e sa m e f o r al l o pe r a t o rs ( r a n g e c h a r t w i l l b e

in control)

T h e “ Ne s te d G R R” w o r ks h ee t i s s h o wn b e lo w . T h e t op p a rt o f t h e w or k sh e et c o n ta i ns t h e g ag e i n fo r ma t io n . T h e

next part of the worksheet contains the ANOVA table. The ANOVA table has four sources of variation: operator,

batch, repeatability and total. With a nested design, you are looking to see if either operator or batch is significant.

T h is i s d et er mi ne d b y t he p v al ue . A p v al u e of l e ss t ha n 0 .0 5 m ea ns t ha t t he re i s s ig ni fi ca nt . I n t hi s e xa mp le , t he pv a lu e fo r ba t ch i s l e ss t h an 0 . 05 , wh i ch m e an s i t is s i gn i fi c an t . T h i s i s w h er e yo u w a nt t o h a ve t he l ar g es t va r ia t io n

( s um o f s q ua r es ) . T h i s m e an s t h at t h e m e as u r em e nt s y st e m c a n t e ll th e d i ff e re n ce b e t we e n b a tc h es w i th i n e a ch

operator.

The bottom portion of the worksheet breaks out the components of variation. This includes the results for the

variances and the % contribution due to the variance. The total in this column will add to 100. Next are the results


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f o r t h e s ta n d a r d d e v i a ti o n s a n d % c o n t r ib u t i o n s to t h e s i g ma m u l t i pl i e r t i me s t h e s t an d a r d d e v i at i o n a s w e l l a s %

t o l er a nc e a nd % p r o ce s s ( i f e n te r e d i n to t h e t em p la t e) .

T h e “ Va r i a n ce C o mp o n e n t s” s h e e t i s s ho w n b e l o w . I t i s a g r ap h o f th e % c o n t r ib u t i o n s s h o w n i n t h e “ Ne s t e d G R R ”

w o r ks h ee t .

T h e O p e r at o r b y B at c h c h a r t fo r t h i s d at a i s s h o w n b e l o w . T h i s i s a p l ot e a c h o p e r a to r s r e s u lt s . T h e s t r ai g h t l i n e

c o n n e ct s t h e av e r a ge o f t h e sa m p l e s f o r on e b at c h p e r o pe r a t o r.

T h e O pe r at o r Xb a r c ha r t i s f o r t hi s d a ta i s s h o wn b e lo w . I f t h e me a su r em e nt s y st e m ca n t e ll t h e d if f er e nc e b e tw e en

s a mp l es , mo s t of t h e po i n ts s h ou l d b e o ut o f c o nt r ol . T h i s i s t h e ca s e f o r th i s e x a mp l e.


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T h e O pe r at o r Ra n ge c h a rt f o r t hi s d a ta i s s h ow n b e lo w . T h i s c h ar t d e te r mi n es i f e a ch o p er a to r i s r e p ea t ab l e

compared to each other. If the range chart is in control, it means that the within batch variation is the same for all

operators.

Range Gage R_ R Method

T h i s m e t h o d p r o v i de s a q u i c k l o o k a t m e a s u re m e n t v a ri a b i l i ty a n d r e q u i r es t h a t y o u h a v e a n e s t i ma t e o f t h e p r o c e s s

standard deviation. This method typically uses two operators and five parts. E ach operator measures the part one

time only. An example of the data input required is shown in the figure below and is based on the data from page 98

o f M e a s u re m e n t S y s t e ms A n a l ys i s , T h ir d E d i t io n . T h e d a t a is a v a i l ab l e i n t h e w or k b o o k G a ge R & R E x a m pl e

W o r k b o o k. x l s ( de f a u lt i n s t a ll a t i o n f o l d e r : M y D o cu m e n t s/ S P C f o r M S E x c e l) .

1 . E n t e r t h e d a ta i n t o a w o r k s h e e t a s s h o w n b e l ow . T h e d a t a c a n b e a n y w he r e i n t h e w o r k s h e e t.


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Part Operator A Op erator B

1 0.85 0.80

2 0.75 0.70

3 1.00 0.95

4 0.45 0.55

5 0.50 0.60

2 . S e l e c t t h e d at a h i gh l i g h te d a b o v e .

3. Select th e MSA icon ( ) from the SPC too lbar.

4 . S e l e c t t he R a n g e G a ge R & R M e t ho d o p t i o n f r o m t h e s e co n d t a b " R a n ge / B i as / L i n e ar i t y /A t t r i b ut e G a g e R & R" a n d

t he n s el e ct O K.

5. E nter the information into the Range method form. The default value for the "Range containing part numbers and

o p e ra t or r e s ul t s" i s t h e s el e ct e d r a ng e o n t h e w or k sh e e t. Y o u m a y ch a ng e i t i f t h at i s n o t c or r ec t . T h e p r oc e ss

s t a n d ar d d e v i a ti o n m u s t b e e n t e r e d. I n t h i s e x a m p le , t h e s t a n d ar d d e v i a ti o n i s 0 . 0 7 77 .


Range Gage R&R Method Output

A n e w w o r ks h ee t i s g e n er a te d i n t h e w or k bo o k . T h e t o p p a rt o f t h e w o rk s he e t c on t ai n s t h e n um e ri c al r e s ul t s a s

s h ow n b el o w. T h e c on cl us i on i s a ls o g iv en b as ed o n t he f o l lo w in g:

I f % G RR i s l es s t ha n 1 0% , t he m ea su re me nt s ys te m i s a cc ep ta bl e

I f % G R R i s b e t w e e n 1 0 % an d 3 0 % , t h e m ea s u r e me n t s ys t e m ma y b e a c c ep t a b l e b a s e d o n t h e ap p l i c at i o n

I f % G RR i s g re at er t ha n 3 0% , t he m ea su re me nt s ys te m n ee d s i mp ro ve me nt


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The worksheet also contains the range control chart. Any out of control points will be in red. If there are any out of

control points, the results may not be valid.

Bias - I ndependent Sample Method

T h i s m e th o d d e te r mi n e s i f t h e m e as u r em e nt s y st e m i s b i as e d . I t i s d o ne b y u s in g on e sa m pl e an d d e te r mi n in g it s

r e fe r en c e va l ue . T h en o n e op e r at o r me a su r es t h e sa m pl e t en o r m or e t im e s. T h e da t a u s ed i n t h is e x am p le i s f r om

p a g e 8 7 i n Me a s u r em e n t S y s t e ms A n a l ys i s , T h i rd E d i t io n . T h e d a t a is a l s o a v ai l a b l e in t h e w o r k bo o k G a g e R & R

E x a m pl e W o r kb o o k . x ls ( d e fa u l t i n s t a l la t i o n f o l d e r: M y D o c u m en t s / S PC f o r MS E x c e l ). F o r m or e d e ta i l s o n

d e te r mi n in g t h e b i as o f m e as u re m en t s y st e ms , p l ea s e s e e o u r n e w sl e tt e r o n t h is t o pi c (c l ic k h e re).


Trial Value

1 5.8

2 5.7

3 5.9

4 5.9

5 6.0

6 6.1

7 6.0

8 6.1

http://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-2-biashttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-2-biashttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-2-bias


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9 6.4

10 6.3

11 6.0

12 6.1

13 6.2

14 5.6

15 6.0



4 . S e l e c t t h e B ia s ( I n d e pe n d e n t S a m p l e M e t h o d) o p t i o n f r o m t he s e c o nd t a b " R a n g e/ B i a s/ L i n e ar i t y / At t r i b ut e G a g e

R & R" a n d t h en s e le c t O K.

5. Fill in the first tab of the Bias: Independent Sample Method input form. The range that appears in the dialog box is

t h e r an g e s el e ct e d o n t h e w or k sh e et . Y o u c a n c h an g e i t he r e i f i t i s n o t c or r ec t . E n te r t h e re f er e nc e v al u e (w h i ch i s

6 . 00 i n t h i s e x a mp l e) ; e n te r t h e n um b er o f d e ci m al p l a ce s ( 1 i n t h is e x am p le ) , a nd a l ph a . T h e d e fa u lt v a l ue i s 0 . 05

w h i ch g i ve s 9 5 % c o nf i de n ce l i mi t s.

6. Fill in the second tab of the Bias: Independent Sample Method input form. This tab contains the output options.

There are two options for plotting the histogram – by midpoint or by class width. By midpoint is the default value.

T h e h i st o gr a m c an b e p l ot t ed o n t h e s am e s h ee t a s t h e a na l ys i s ( r ec o mm e nd e d ) o r a s a n e w s h ee t i n t h e w o rk b oo k .

There are two output options for the analysis of bias study. You can place it in the worksheet where the data is or as

a n e w s h e et ( re c om m en d e d) . Y o u d o n o t ha v e to g o t o t h is t a b i f y ou a r e sa t is f ie d w i th t h e de f au l t op t i on s .


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7 , S e l e c t O K to r u n t h e p r o g r am an d g e n e r a te t h e r e s u l ts .

Bias Independent S ample Method Output

A n e w w o rk s he e t i s a d de d w i t h t h e r es u lt s o r t h e re s u lt s a r e p la c ed i n a n e x is t in g w o rk s he e t d ep e n di n g o n w h i ch

o p t i o n y o u s e l e c te d . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f t h e o u t p ut c o n t a i ns t h e n u m e r i c al c a l c u l at i o n s . T h e n u m e r i ca l v a l u e s i n cl u d e :

n = n u m b er o f r e ad i n g s

M e an = a v er a ge o f t h e r e ad i n gs

R ef er en ce V al ue = r ef er en ce v al ue o f t he s am pl e

S t a n d ar d D e v i at i o n ( s ) = st a n d a rd d e v i at i o n o f t h e r e a d i ng s

t s ta ti st ic = t he t v al ue b as ed o n t he d eg re es o f f re ed om

d f = d eg re es o f f re ed om

t v a lu e ( 2 t a il e d) = t v a lu e f r om th e t t a bl e s

B ia s = a ve ra ge – r ef er en ce v al ue

L o w e r = l o w e r c o n f i de n c e i n t e r va l ( b a s e d o n a l p h a)

U p p e r = u p p er c o n f i d en c e i n t e rv a l ( b a se d o n a l p h a )

A c o nc lu si o n i s a ls o p re se nt ed t ha t s ta te s i f y ou c an a ss u me t h e b ia s i s z er o.

A h i s t o gr a m o f t h e r e ad i n g s i s a l s o g i v e n . I n t h i s e x am p l e , yo u c a n s e e t h at t h e h is t o g r am d o e s co n t a i n v a l u e s o n

b o t h s i d es o f t h e r ef e re n ce v a lu e .


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Bias - Control Chart Method

T h i s m e th o d u s es t h e c o nt r ol c h ar t s t o d e te r mi n e i f t h e m e as u re m en t s y st e m i s b i as e d. I t c a n a l so b e u s ed t o ch ec k

the stability o f t h e me a s u r em e n t s y s t e m. F o r mo r e de t a i l s o n c h e c ki n g th e s ta b i l i ty o f t h e me a s u r em e n t , c l ic k h e re

t o v i e w o ur n e w sl e t t e r o n t h i s t o p i c . Y o u m u s t h a v e a r e f e r en c e v al u e f o r t h e s am p l e . T h e c on t r o l c h a r t c a n b e a n

i n d i v i du a l s c h a r t (X - M R ), X b a r -R c h a r t, o r X b a r- s c h a r t. T h e e x a mp l e b e l ow u s e s t h e X - MR c h a r t. T h e d a t a is a v a i la b l e

i n t h e w o r k b o o k G a g e R & R E xa m p l e W o r kb o o k . xl s ( d e f a u lt i n s t a ll a t i o n f o l d e r : M y D o cu m e n t s/ S P C f o r M S E x c e l) .


Sample Results

1 100.1

2 101.9

3 101.0

4 100.2

5 100.6

6 101.5

7 100.6

8 100.2

9 101.1

10 101.611 100.8

12 101.4

13 101.5

14 100.8

15 102.0

16 100.9

17 100.5

18 101.3

19 101.6

20 101.3



http://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-1-stabilityhttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-1-stabilityhttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-1-stability


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4 . S e l e c t t he B i a s ( C o nt r o l C h a rt M e t h o d ) o p t i o n f r o m t h e s e co n d t a b " R a n g e/ B i a s/ L i n e ar i t y / At t r i b ut e G a g e R & R" a n d


5. Fill in top part of the Bias: Control Chart Method input form. The default for the "range containing subgroup

i d e n t i fi e r s " i s t h e d a t a i n t h e f i r s t c o l u mn o f t h e s e l e c te d r a n g e o n t h e w o r k s h ee t . T h e d e f a ul t f o r t h e " R a n ge

c o n t a in i n g me a s u r em e n t s " i s t h e d a t a to t h e r ig h t o f t h e s ub g r o u p i d e n t i fi e r s . B o t h t h e s e ra n g e s c a n b e e d it e d i n t h e

input form.

6. Fill in the information on the "Data Input" tab.

S e l e c t t h e t yp e o f c h a r t . T h e p r og r a m s e l e c ts w h a t i t t h in k s y ou h a v e ba s e d o n t h e s e le c t e d a r e a on t h e

w o r k s he e t . Y o u c a n c h a n g e i t i f i t i s n o t c or r e c t .

E n t e r t h e r e f e re n c e v a l u e f o r t h e s a m p le ( i n t h i s e x a m p le , 1 0 0 . 3 )

T h e n um b er o f d e ci m al p l a ce s i n t h e d at a ( i n t h is e x am p le , 1 )

E nter alpha (default is 0.05)

7. Fill in the information on second tab of the Bias: Control Chart Method input form ("Output Options"). There are

two options for plotting the histogram – by midpoint or by class width. By midpoint is the default value. The

h i s t o g ra m c a n b e p l o t t ed o n t h e s a m e sh e e t a s t he a n a l ys i s ( r e co m m e nd e d ) o r a s a n e w s he e t i n t h e w o r k bo o k .

There are two output options for the analysis of bias study. You can place it in the worksheet where the data is or as

a n e w s h e et ( re c om m en d e d) . Y o u d o n o t ha v e to g o t o t h is t a b i f y ou a r e sa t is f ie d w i th t h e de f au l t op t i on s .


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8. Fill in the information on third tab of the Bias: Independent Sample Method input form (Control Chart

T i t le s /L a be l s ). T h e d ef a ul t t i tl e s d ep e nd o n t h e t yp e o f c on t ro l c h ar t s e le c te d o n t h e f ir s t t ab . Y o u d o n o t h av e t o g o

t o t h i s ta b i f y ou a r e sa t is f ie d w i th t h e de f au l t en t ri e s .


Bias Control Chart Method Output

A n e w w o rk s he e t i s a d de d w i t h t h e r es u lt s o r t h e re s u lt s a r e p la c ed i n a n e x is t in g w o rk s he e t d ep e n di n g o n w h i ch

o p t i o n y o u s e l e c te d . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f t h e o u t p ut c o n t a i ns t h e n u m e r i c al c a l c u l at i o n s . T h e n u m e r i ca l v a l u e s i n cl u d e :

n = n u m b er o f r e ad i n g s

M e an = a v er a ge o f t h e r e ad i n gs

R ef er en ce V al ue = r ef er en ce v al ue o f t he s am pl e

S t a n d ar d D e v i at i o n ( s ) = st a n d a rd d e v i at i o n o f t h e r e a d i ng s


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t s ta ti st ic = t he t v al ue b as ed o n t he d eg re es o f f re ed om

d f = d eg re es o f f re ed om

t v a lu e ( 2 t a il e d) = t v a lu e f r om th e t t a bl e s

B ia s = a ve ra ge – r ef er en ce v al ue

L o w e r = l o w e r c o n f i de n c e i n t e r va l ( b a s e d o n a l p h a)

U p p e r = u p p er c o n f i d en c e i n t e rv a l ( b a se d o n a l p h a )

A c o nc l u s i o n i s a ls o p r e s e n te d t h a t s t a t e s i f y ou c a n a s s u m e t h e bi a s is z e ro . I n t h i s e x a m p le , yo u c a n n o t a s s u m e t h a t

t he b i as i s z er o.

T h e h i st o gr a m o f t h e m e as u re m en t r e ad i ng s a r e s h o wn b e lo w . A s c a n b e s e e n, th e re ar e j u st a f e w r e ad i ng s b e lo wt h e re f e r e nc e va l u e o f 1 0 0 . 3. M o s t a r e ab o v e .

The control charts are shown below for this data. You want the control charts to demonstrate statistical control

( s ta b il i ty ) . A n y o ut o f c o nt r ol p o i nt s w i ll b e i n r e d . I n t h is e x am p le , t he m e a su r em e nt s y s te m i s s t ab l e.


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Linearity

L i n e a r it y i s t h e d i ff e r e n ce o f b i a s t h r o u gh o u t th e m e as u r e m en t r an g e . T o d e t e r mi n e l i ne a r i t y, t h e s a m p le s y o u s e l e c tm u st c o ve r t he e x pe c te d o p er a ti n g ra n ge o f t h e me a su r em e nt s y st e m. Y o u s h ou l d u s e at l e as t f i ve s a mp l e s t h at

c o v e r t h i s ra n g e . O n e o pe r a t o r s h o u l d m e a s u re e a ch o f t h e p a r t s a t l e as t t e n t i m e s . A n e x a m p le o f th e r e qu i r e d d a t a

i n p u t i s s ho w n b e l o w ( p a g e 9 5 , M e a s u re m e n t S y s t e ms A n a l y si s , Th i r d E d i t i on ) . T h e da t a is a l so a v a i la b l e i n t h e

w o r k b o o k G a g e R& R E x am p l e W or k b o o k .x l s ( d e fa u l t i n s t a ll a t i o n f o l d e r : M y D o cu m e n t s/ S P C f o r M S E x c e l) . F o r m o re

d e t a i l s o n l i n e a ri t y , p l e a s e c l ic k h e re to o u r n e w s l e tt e r o n l i n e a ri t y .

1 . E n t e r t he d a t a i n t o a w o r ks h e e t a s s h o wn b e l o w . T h e d a t a c an b e a n y w h e r e i n t he w o r k s h e et . T h e d a t a m u st b e

i n c o l u m ns . T h e f ir s t r ow o f d a t a c o n t a in s t h e p ar t n u mb e r ; th e s e co n d r o w c on t a i n s t h e r ef e r e n ce v a lu e s f o r e ac h

p a r t ; an d t h e r e ma i n i n g ro w s c o nt a i n t h e m e as u r e m en t s .

Part 1 2 3 4 5

Ref Val ue 2 4 6 8 10

1 2.7 5.1 5.8 7.6 9.1

2 2.5 3.9 5.7 7.7 9.3

http://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-3-linearityhttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-3-linearityhttp://www.spcforexcel.com/variable-measurement-systems-part-3-linearity


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3 2.4 4.2 5.9 7.8 9.5

4 2.5 5 5.9 7.7 9.3

5 2.7 3.8 6 7.8 9.4

6 2.3 3.9 6.1 7.8 9.5

7 2.5 3.9 6 7.8 9.5

8 2.5 3.9 6.1 7.7 9.5

9 2.4 3.9 6.4 7.8 9.610 2.4 4 6.3 7.5 9.2

11 2.6 4.1 6 7.6 9.3

12 2.4 3.8 6.1 7.7 9.4



4 . S e l e c t t he B i a s ( C o nt r o l C h a rt M e t h o d ) o p t i o n f r o m t h e s e co n d t a b " R a n g e/ B i a s/ L i n e ar i t y / At t r i b ut e G a g e R & R" a n d


5 . F i l l i n t h e in f o r ma t i o n i n t h e L i n e a ri t y i n p u t f o r m . T h e ra n g e i s th e ra n g e s e l e c te d o n t h e w o r k s he e t . E n t e r t h e

n u m b e r o f d ec i m a l p l ac e s a n d a l p h a ( de f a u l t i s 0 .0 5 ) . T h e “ R o u n di n g i n E q u a ti o n s ” d e t e r mi n e s h o w t h e b e st f i t

e q u a t i on i s d i s p l ay e d . T h e d e f au l t v a lu e i s 3 .


Linearity Output

A n e w c h a r t s h ee t i s a d d e d t o t h e w o r k b oo k . T h i s c h a rt c o n t a i ns a l l t h e r e s u lt s . T h e c h a r t fo r t h i s e x a mp l e i s s h o w n

below.


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Y o u w i l l al s o s e e t wo t e x t bo x e s i n t h e u p pe r l e ft h a nd p a r t of t h e c h a r t. T h e s e w i l l t el l y o u i f t h e b i a s is t h e s a m e an d

i f t h e li n e a r i ty i s a cc e p t a bl e . T h e t e x t b o x e s f or t h i s da t a ( no t s h o w n o n t h e c h ar t ) a r e g i ve n b e l o w .

T he b ia s i s N O T t he s am e f or a ll r ef er en ce v al ue s. T b= 10 .1 58 , T cr it ic al =2 .0 02

T h e l i n e a ri t y i s N O T a c c e pt a b l e . T a = 1 2 .0 4 3 , T c r i t ic a l = 2. 0 0 2

In this example, there is a problem with linearity. The bias = 0 line (green on the chart) should be contained by the

u p p e r a n d l o w e r 9 5 % c o nf i d e n ce i n t e r v al s . T h e e q u a ti o n i s t h e t i t l e i s t h e b es t f i t e q u at i o n f o r t h e i n d iv i d u a l

r e ad i n gs . T h e R s q ua r ed v a lu e gi v es t h e % o f v a ri a ti o n i n t h e b i as t h at i s e x pl a in e d b y th e va r ia t io n i n r e fe r en c e

values.

Attribute Gage R_ R

A n a t tr i bu t e g ag e R & R s tu d y i s u s ed w h en t h e m ea s ur e me n t s ys t e m ha s a f i ni t e n um b er o f c a te g or i e s, s u c h a s g o /n o

g o g a g e s . T h e a t t r i bu t e g a g e R &R p o r t i o n o f t h e p r o g r am w i l l a n a l yz e t h e r e s u lt s w h e n t h e g a g e h as o n l y t w o

p o s s i b le o u t c om e s : p as s o r f a il . T h e p r og r a m w il l g e n er a t e t he e f f ec t i v e ne s s t a b l e , c r o s s t a b u l at i o n s a n d k a p p a

s c or e s. T h e e x am p le be l ow u s es t h e d a ta f r om p a ge 12 7 o f M e as u re m en t S y st e m A n al y si s , T h ir d E d it i on . T h e d a ta

i s a l s o a v a i la b l e i n t h e w o r k b o ok G a g e R & R E x a m pl e W o r k b o o k. x l s ( d e f au l t i n s t a l la t i o n f o l d e r: M y D o c u m e n ts / S P C

f o r M S E x c e l) .

T h e f i rs t s t ep i n u s i n g th e A t tr i b u t e G a g e R& R p r og r a m i s t o s e t u p t h e d at a e n tr y p ag e .


2. Select the “Setup the data entry sheet based on number of operators, parts, and trials" option from the second

t a b ( " R an g e / B ia s / L i ne a r i t y/ A t t ri b u t e G a g e R & R " ) o n t h e M e a s u re m e n t S y s t e m A n a l ys i s f o r m .


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3. Fill in the information in the Attribute Gage R&R Setup. E nter the number of operators, parts, and trials. E nter

t h e p a ss v a l u e a n d f a i l va l u e ( e. g . , 1 a n d 0 , p a s s a n d f a i l , et c . ) . T h e n e n t e r th e n a me o f t h e G a g e R& R s t u dy . T h e

v a lu e s i n t h e fo r m b e lo w a r e fo r t hi s e x am p le . S e l ec t O K t o g e ne r at e t he t e mp l at e t o e n te r t he r e su l ts .

4 . F i l l in t h e b l an k t e mp l a t e t h a t w a s g en e r a t e d o n a n e w w o r k s he e t . P a r t o f a co m p l e te d t e m p l at e i s s h o w n b e l o w .

E nter the operator names in the upper right hand corner. The names will automatically appear in the first column.

NOTE: The program uses Microsoft Ex cel’s naming function to run. You cannot have spaces or certain characters

(e.g. /). Instead of using John Smith, use John_Smith.

E nter the rest of the information for Date, Gage Name, Gage Number, Gage Type, Product, Characteristic, Pass Value,

Fail Value, and Performed By. None of this information is required to run the program except the Pass Value and Fail

V a l u e . T h e n f i ll i n t h e d a t a as s h o w n be l o w .


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6. Select the “Run the Attribute Gage R&R analysis (have entered data)” option from the second tab

( " R a ng e / B i as / L i n e ar i t y /A t t r i bu t e G a ge R & R ") o n t h e M e as u r e m en t S y s te m A n al y s i s f o r m . Y o u h a v e th e o p t io n t o

i n c l u de t h e c r o s s ta b u l a ti o n s , k a p p a v a l u es a n d e f f e ct i v e n e ss t a b l e . T h e d e fa u l t is t o i n c l u d e a l l t hr e e .


Attribute Gage R&R

Crosstabulations

T h e p r o g ra m w i l l g en e r a t e a cr o s s t a bu l a t i on t a b l e f or e a c h c o m b i na t i o n o f o p e r at o r s . T h e t a b l e fo r A a n d B i s s h o w n

below.

Hal * Beth CrosstabulationBeth

Fail Pass T otal Kappa

Hal Fail Coun t 44 6 50 0.86

Ex pected Count 15.7 34.3 50.0

Pass Coun t 3 97 100

Ex pected Count 31.3 68.7 100

Total Coun t 47 103 150

Ex pected Count 47.0 103.0

T h e k a pp a v a lu e i s g i ve n . If kappa is above 0.75 there is good agreement between the operators. If it is less than

0.40, there is poor agreement. T h e c o un t i n fo r ma t io n i s a s f o ll o w s:

H a l a n d B e th b o th r a te a s f a il : 4 4 ti m es

H al ra te s a s f ai l a nd B et h r at es a s p as s: 6 t im es

H al r a te s a s p as s a nd B et h r at es a s f ai l: 3

H a l an d B e th b o th r a te a s p a ss : 9 7 t im e s

T h e s e t a b l e s w i l l h e l p y o u d e t e r mi n e h ow w e l l t h e o pe r a t o rs a g r e e w i t h o n e an o t h e r.

Kappa Values

The output for Kappa values is shown below. It includes the kappa values for the operators as well as the kappa

v a l u e c o m p ar e d t o t h e r e f e r en c e v a l u e s ( i f t h e r e a r e a n y ) .

Kappa Measures for the Operators


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Kappa Hal Beth L oa

Hal - 0.86 0.78

Be th 0.86 - 0.79

Lo a 0.78 0.79 -

There is good to ex cellent agreement since all kappa v alues are greater than 0.75

Kappa Values For Each Operator to Reference

Hal Beth L oa

Kappa 0.88 0.92 0.77

There is good to ex cellent agreement since all kappa v alues are greater than 0.75

Effectiveness Table

T h e e f fe c ti v en e s s t a bl e is s h ow n o n t h e n e xt p a ge . T h is t a bl e de t er m in e s h o w e f fe c ti v e e a ch o p er a to r i s .

I f t h e c a lc u l a te d s c o r e f or e a c h o p e r a to r f a l l s w i t h i n t h e c o n fi d e n c e in t e r v al o f t h e o t h er o p e r a to r s , t h e ef f e c ti v e n e ss

o f t h e o p er a to r s i s t h e s a me .

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