Mcsl 017 Solved Asignment

Institute of core education

Section 1: C Programming Lab Qustion 1: Write a program that takes a decimal number and converts it into binary, octal and

hexadecimal equivalents. Your program should have functions for each type of

conversion. These functions should implement algorithms to perform these conversions.

Predefined functions OR %x and %o codes are not allowed. The output of the

programme should be stored in a text file named ourput.txt. Note: You must execute the

program and submit the program logic, sample input and output along with the

necessary documentation for this question Assumptions can be made wherever

necessary.

Ans :-

#include

#include

#include

void binary_hex(int n, char hex[]);

int hex_binary(char hex[]);

int main()

{

char hex[20],c; int n;

printf("Instructions:\n");

printf("Enter h to convert binary to hexadecimal:\n");

printf("Enter b to hexadecimal number to binary:\n");

printf("Enter a character: ");

scanf("%c",&c); if (c=='h' || c=='H')

{

printf("Enter binary number: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

binary_hex(n,hex);

printf("Hexadecimal number: %s",hex);

}

if (c=='b' || c=='B')

{

printf("Enter hexadecimal number: ");

scanf("%s",hex);

printf("Binary number: %d",hex_binary(hex));

}

return 0;

}

void binary_hex(int n, char hex[]) /* Function to convert binary to hexadecimal. */

{ int i=0,decimal=0, rem; while (n!=0)


{

decimal += (n%10)*pow(2,i); n/=10; ++i; } /* At this point, variable decimal contains binary

number in decimal format. */

i=0; while (decimal!=0)

{

rem=decimal%16; switch(rem)

{

case 10: hex[i]='A';

break;

case 11:hex[i]='B';

break;

case 12: hex[i]='C';

break;

case 13: hex[i]='D';

break;

case 14: hex[i]='E';

break;

case 15: hex[i]='F';

break;

default: hex[i]=rem+'0';

break;

}

++i;

decimal/=16;

} hex[i]='\0';

strrev(hex);/* Function to reverse string. */

}

int hex_binary(char hex[]) /* Function to convert hexadecimal to binary. */

{

int i, length, decimal=0, binary=0;

for(length=0;

hex[length]!='\0';

++length);

for(i=0; hex[i]!='\0';

++i, --length)

{

if(hex[i]>='0' && hex[i]='A' && hex[i]='a' && hex[i]


decimal/=2;

i*=10;

}

return binary;

}

Section 2: Assembly Language Programming Lab

Question 1: (a) Write a program in assembly language to calculate the average of numbers in an array.

Ans :- DATA SEGMENT A DB 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

SUM DB ?

DATA ENDS

CODE SEGMENT

ASSUME DS:DATA,CS:CODE

START:

MOV AX,DATA

MOV DS,AX

LEA BX,A

MOV CL,10

MOV AX,0000

L1:ADD AL,BYTE PTR[BX]

INC BX

DEC CL

CMP CL,00

JNZ L1

MOV SUM,AL

MOV BH,10

DIV BH

MOV AH,4CH

INT 21H

CODE ENDS

END START

(b)Write an assembly language program to accept a decimal number and display its two's complement representation in binary and hexadeimal formats. Ans :- [BITS 16] [SECTION .text] [ORG 100h] mov ax,cs ;get code segment mov ds,ax ;use it now mov si,0080h ;DOS command line page 0 lodsb ;load size of command line cmp al,0 ;anything on command line ? jbe usage ;noo, show usage cbw ;extend AL to AX


xchg bx,ax ;swap size to bx for indexing mov byte [bx+si],0 ;null terminate command line call parse ;parse command line jmp main ;go on with main usage: mov bx,utext ;pointer usage text jmp errout ;skip this main: xor eax,eax ;wanna clean registers xor ebx,ebx xor ecx,ecx xor edx,edx ;calculate length of 1:st arg mov si,inbuff ;get input buffer get0: lodsb ;load AL cmp al,0 ;end of arg ? je got0 ;yeahh inc cx ;noo, increase length count jmp get0 ;check next got0: ;first arg len in CX now mov si,inbuff ;get command line dump: lodsb cmp al,0 ;second command ? jne dump ;noo lodsb and al,0dfh ;force upper case cmp al,'H' ;hex input ? je dohex cmp al,'D' ;decimal ? je dodec cmp al,'B' ;binary ? jne usage ;noo, let us know we're wrong ;check for valid BIN input mov si,inbuff ;command line buffer mov bx,errt1 ;error text isbin: lodsb ;load AL cmp al,'0' ;a zero ? je bindo ;yeahh cmp al,'1' ;a 1 ? je bindo ;yeahh jmp errout ;noo, not binary input, skip this bindo loop isbin call binascbin ;make ascii bin jmp output ;do the output job dohex: mov si,inbuff ;check for valid HEX input mov bx,errt2 ;proper text


ishex: lodsb ;get the char cmp al,'0' jb errout and al,0dfh ;force UPPERCASE cmp al,'F' ;>F ? ja errout ;yeahh, dump this loop ishex call hexbin ;make hex bin jmp output dodec: mov si,inbuff ;check for valid DEC input mov bx,errt3 isdec: lodsb cmp al,'9' ;>9 ? ja errout ;yeahh, skip loop isdec lodsb call decbin ;make dec bin output: call showit ;show the stuff jmp quit errout: call write ;land here if error quit: mov ax,exit int msdos

(c) Write an assembly language program to implement a stack.

Ans :- .model small .stack 100h

.data

cr equ 0DH ; cr represents carriage return

lf equ 0AH ; lf represents line feed

msg DB cr,lf,'ENTER AN ALGEBRIC EXPRESSION : ',cr,lf,'$'

msg_correct DB cr,lf,'EXPRESSION IS CORRECT.$'

msg_left_bracket DB cr,lf,'TOO MANY LEFT BRACKETS. BEGIN

AGAIN!',cr,lf,'$'

msg_right_bracket DB cr,lf,'TOO MANY RIGHT BRACKETS. BEGIN

AGAIN!',cr,lf,'$'

msg_mismatch DB cr,lf,'BRACKET MISMATCH. BEGIN AGAIN!',cr,lf,'$'

msg_continue DB cr,lf,'Type Y if you want to Continue : ',cr,lf,'$'

.code

main proc


mov ax,@data ;get data segment

mov ds,ax ;initialising

start:

lea dx,msg ;user prompt

mov ah,9

int 21h

cmp al,0Dh ;checking if the enter is pressed or not JE end_input

;if left bracket,then push on stack cmp al, "[" JE push_data cmp al, "{" JE push_data cmp al, "(" JE push_data

;if right bracket,then pop stack

cmp al, ")" JE parentheses cmp al, "}" JE curly_braces cmp al, "]" JE line_bracket jmp input

push_data: push ax inc cx jmp input

parentheses: dec cx cmp cx,0 JL many_right

pop dx cmp dl, "(" JNE mismatch JMP input

curly_braces: dec cx cmp cx,0 JL many_right pop dx


cmp dl, "{" JNE mismatch JMP input

line_bracket: dec cx cmp cx, 0 JL many_right pop dx cmp dl, "[" JNE mismatch JMP input

end_input: cmp cx, 0 JNE many_left

mov ah, 9 lea dx, msg_correct int 21h

lea dx, msg_continue int 21h

mov ah,1 int 21h

cmp al, "Y" JNE exit JMP start

mismatch: lea dx, msg_mismatch mov ah,9 int 21h JMP start

many_left: lea dx, msg_left_bracket mov ah,9 int 21h JMP start

many_right: lea dx, msg_right_bracket mov ah,9 int 21h


JMP start exit: mov ah,4ch int 21h

MAIN ENDP END MAIN

(d) Write a Program in assembly language that has two subroutines: One for encrypting alphabets of a string and second for decrypting the encoded string. In Encryption, simply convert a character /number into its predefined numerical/character value. Decryption is a reverse process of encryption. Write suitable Main program in C that calls these function. Test your program suitably.

Ans :- int 21h

read1:mov si,offset chr mov ah,01h int 21h mov [si],al inc si mov al,24h mov [si],al mov bx,00 mov si,offset buf mov ax,00 mov di,offset chr

check:mov al,[si] cmp al,[di] je count cmp al,'$' je dis inc si jmp check

count:inc bl inc si jmp check dis:mov strlen,bl lea si,res mov ax,00 mov al,strlen call hex2asc lea dx,msg3 mov ah,09h int 21h lea dx,res mov ah,09h int 21h ou:mov ax,4c00h int 21h main endp hex2asc proc near


push ax push bx push cx push dx push si mov cx,00h mov bx,0Ah rpt1: mov dx,00 div bx add dl,'0' push dx inc cx cmp ax,0Ah jge rpt1 add al,'0' mov [si],al

rpt2: pop ax inc si mov [si],al loop rpt2 inc si mov al,'$' mov [si],al pop si pop dx pop cx pop bx pop ax ret hex2asc endp end

Prg(strrev.asm)

Title reversing a string dosseg .model small .stack

.data msg1 db 13,10,"Enter a string with dolar symbol as a break:$" msg2 db 13,10,"Reverse of a string is:$" strg db 20 DUP(0) restr db 20 DUP(0) .code

main proc mov ax,@data mov ds,ax mov es,ax mov di,00 lea dx,msg1 mov ah,09h int 21h

read:mov ah,01h int 21h


cmp al,24h je next inc di mov strg[di],al jmp read next: mov si,00

start:cmp di,0 je dmsg2 mov al,strg[di] mov restr[si],al inc si dec di jmp start

dmsg2:lea dx,msg2 mov ah,09h int 21h

dis:mov al,restr[di] cmp al,0 je ou mov dl,al mov ah,02h int 21h inc di jmp dis ou: mov ax,4c00h int 21h main endp

Mcsl 017 Solved Asignment

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