Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 MechanisticTargetofRapamycin ...
MBK has recommended Wa-u cultivation · organic farming and product’s storing. Wa-u is a...
Transcript of MBK has recommended Wa-u cultivation · organic farming and product’s storing. Wa-u is a...
MBK has recommended Wa-u
cultivationーTo aspire for utilization of local resourcesー
MBK
M. Matsumoto
There are many problems to solve in mountainous
areas, a case sample in Japan
Current situation
Declining population
Declining agriculture and forestry
Political measures required to solve problems
Introduction cash crops instead of subsistence crops
Encouragement of organic farming
Field improvement
Building out complementary interaction on water resource between mountainous areas and urban districts
Cash crops appropriate for mountainous areas
• The cash crops are required land-suitability and
economic potential to make up low labor productivity.
• Examples in Japan: Citrus, Tea, Lacquer trees, Paper
bush, Konjak, Vegetables etc.
Konjak occupied an important position as a cash crop in
the mountainous regions.
The high land is clean and cool, where is suited for
organic farming and product’s storing.
Wa-u is a promising cash-crop
• Wa-u is a tuberous plant which has high land-productivity and is a
profitable crop in tropical regions.
• Wa-u plants grow naturally in Myanmar.
• The Wa-u market has already established in Mandaly and Yangon.
• The current market price of Wa-u product is high.
Unit price dried chips of Wa-u yielded in northern Chin is 12,000ks/viss as
of Feb.2019 in Yangon.
Import volume Sum of money Unit price
187,125kg 185,079,000yen 989yen/kg
( Trade Statistic of Japan, 2018)
FD-JICA-MBK project activities in Natmataung area
Output : Cultivation of Wa-u is disseminated to villagers in the model villages
Information of knowledge, cultivation technique
Holding of seminars in Kanpetlet and Mindat
Cooperation among villagers, park-rangers and
experts
Survey, field-trial
Survey on Wa-u growth, yield at trial fields in model
villages
Selection of model villages: Oak Pho, Yeolongpan, Hilong
Activities
Current status in Kanpetlet, 2018:Wa-u production has developed into one of important industrials in the township.
Modelvillage
Wa-u grower
(household)
Training session participant
Distribution of Wa-u
seed-tubers (kg)
ResultsCultivation technique
Processing method
Eden 32 15 11 1,560 *34% villagers wanted to cultivate Wa-u under agroforestry system and hope to continue it. *30farmers have acquired Wa-u cultivation technique. *Two alternate Wa-u plants were found out.
Kyauk Moe 8 5 1 384
Taung Kya 20 3 11 960
FD-JICA-MBK project activities in Shan state
Output 3: Cultivation of Wa-u is disseminated to villagers in the model villages
FD-JICA-MBK project activities in southern Shan area
Output : Cultivation technologies are transferred through cropping of local
plant resources such as Wa-u so that they are yielded by target villagers
Information of knowledge, cultivation technique
Holding of seminars and workshops
Setting up an exhibit field
Cooperation among FD staff,
villagers and experts
Survey, field-trial
Growth, yield on an exhibit field and
trial fields in model villages
Selection of model villages: Three villages in Ywangan
Seedlings propagation Field trials Selection of promising
species
A. Muerreli at Koe Gway
A.Krausei in Ywangan
Utilization of local plant resources
Increase in income
Activities
MBK recommend Wa-u cultivation under jinenjo culture in Japan
Cirtus: Intercropping with woody crops
Wa-u plant
Mulching by straw/grass
Weeding
Harvesting big corms
drying them under Sun
Primary processing
(Drying tuber slices)
Shipping
Mulching
with grass
(dried grass
1kg/feet2)
Pre-
rainy
season
Rainy
season
Dry
season
Break dormant(Planting seed corms
2feet×1feet spacing)
Sprouting
Leaf developing
Growing season
Forming a new
corms and it grows to
a larger size Weeding
Going dormant
In case of planting
culture,
store seed corms
Cropping Calendar of Wa-u
under Agroforestry system
Key Points for Sustainable Wa-u Production
Pest Control
Not to bring infection source in a field.
To use healthy seed tubers which are produce in disease-free fields.
To remove debris of infected plants and weed.
To prevent diseases from spreading widely.
Quick-removal of infected plants
Crop rotation
Mulching with green grass
Drainage countermeasures (high ridge, open ditch)
Usage of resistant or tolerant cultivars
Storage of seed-tubers under right condition: Postharvest corm rot is common
and appears to be associated with inadequate ventilation and improper wound
healing; Sclerotium rolfsii, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Botryodiplodia theobromae,
Ceratoicystis fimbriata, Fusarium oxysporum.
Good Agriculture PracticeTo keep the field clean: Remove and dispose of infected plants/crop residues.
To take proper weeding up to the leaf elongation stage.
To cover the soil surface with grass(green mulch).
To apply fermented compost/farm-yard manure.
Soil conservation
What is Wrong with My Wa-u Plants?
Observation DiagnosisIdentification of
the causeHow to manage
Disorder Cause Measures
Disease Virus Disease-free seed-tuber/Intercropping with woody plants/Crop rotation/Resistant variety /Copper sprays or Fungicides application/Green-mulch/Weeding
Bacteria
Fungi
Insect damage Nematode Crop rotation
Insect Natural enemy insects
Nutrient disorder Deficiency Fertilizers/manure application
Excess Compost application
Weather Drought Green-mulching
Damp Slope farm
Heat Shade-trees
Growers
Middle men
Millers
Food companies
Consumers
Processing and distributing of Wa-u
To make dried sliced-tubers and refined flour
CultivationTo make dried sliced-tubers
The Japan market assesses quality of Wa-u on viscosity of refined flour
To make konnyakufoods
Making dried slices of Wa-u in S Chin Mature Tuber → To cut a tuber in 3-5mm thick of slices → To hang the slices out to dry (Moisture content of dry matter is about 12%) →Refined
flour (dry matter ×0.6)
Konjac gel
‘Oden’: a popular Japanese dish with Konjac
Figure Thickness Color Figure Viscosity
Chainese strain-1 Thin Gray 104 Good
Chainese strain-2 Thin Gray 129 Good
Japanese strain Thin Ash gray 146 Very good
Wild race-1 Slightly thickBrownish
gray49
Not
marketable
Wild race-2 Thin Light yellow 90 Marketable
Z) Tuber cultivation in Hopong, 2015 and dry matter processing in Kalaw, Shan. Refined flour processing and estimating in Japan, 2016.
Results of quality estimation by a konyac miller Z)
SampleDry matter Refined flour
Grade
Thank you very much!
Thank you very much!
Aug. 2019
MBK Matsumoto Mitsuo
Turmeric cultivation
Aug. 2019
MBK Matsumoto Mitsuo
Transition of Agriculture
Extensive farming
Intensive farming
Smart farming
Water, Manures Farm tools
Input
Fertilizers, Pesticides, herbicides Agricultural machineries
IoT, Computer telecommunication, Sensors
Quantity QualityOn-demand
market
Marketing
Right crop for right land
Both high yielding and high quality is required
on the production of cash crops
Turmeric is an important cash crop in southeast tropical and subtropical Asia
The turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) is a perennial
herb belonging to the ginger family
Turmeric requires warm and moist condition.
Temperature range of 18-35℃,
A well-distributed rainfall of 1000-2000mm
Turmeric grows well on loose and friable, well-
drained, loamy, fertile soils, but cannot
waterlogging and alkaline soils.
Phase of growth and development
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12No. of
Month
EstablishmentShoot growth &
finger initiationRhizome growth Dormancy
Number of
leaves Weight of
rhizomes
Planting
Mulching
Sprouting
Phase
FloweringLeaves turn
yellowFading
HarvestingFertilizing Field preparation:
Applying manure
Plowing
Irrigating
Weed control
Seed rhizomes
preservation
Processing
Key points of cultivation (1)
Well-preparation of fields: Plowing deeply, if possible up
to 30cm depth, applying large amount of organic manure,
making flat beds or ridges and furrow.
Selection of fields: Sunny, and deep in available soil ,
fertile in plow layer, available in irrigation water
Selection of good seed rhizomes: disease-
free, wound-free and 30-50g in fresh weight
Plant density: Spacing of 45-60cm
×25cm, planting 8-12cm in depth
Planting time is depend on
varieties, planting materials
and climatic condition such
as rainfall pattern
Key points of cultivation (2)Mulching of straw, grass is effective at preserving soil water,
stabilizing soil temperature, reducing weed damage and
improves growth and yield of turmeric.
Application of fertilizers depends on soil
conditions, varieties and crop management
Irrigation at the right time is effective in high
yielding with high quality.
Weed control
Expected yield (t/ha) 6.5-9.0 F.W.
Absorption quantity(kg/t of yield) N 16 : P2O5 3 : K2O 45
Efficiency of fertilizer application 50%
Application amount of fertilizer(kg/ha) N : P2O5 : K2O
Leaf blotch
Taphrina malucans
Leaf spot
Colletotrichum capsici
Rhizome rot
Pythium aphanidermatum
Major diseases of Turmeric
Pest management
1. Using disease-free seed rhizomes
2. Field sanitation
Ginger field in
Kochi
Mulching withsugarcane waste
Sprinkler
Windbreak
net
Turmeric in a home garden,
Kochi, JPN
Curcuma longa
C. aromaticaC. zedoaria
Herb garden in
MBK
Literature1. K. Sivaraman, 2007. Turmeric.
CRC Press, New York. pp. 129-
145.
2. K.R. Dahal,1999. Spices. Plant
Resources South-East Asia.
Backhuyo Publisher, Leiden. pp.
111-116.
3. Kinjo Kaneo, 2007. Ukon.
Noubunkyou, Tokyo. pp. 19-65.
Thank you very much!