Ethanol yield from fruit peels and adsorption of heavy metal ions
Maximization of ethanol yield and adsorption of heavy metal ions by fruit peels
description
Transcript of Maximization of ethanol yield and adsorption of heavy metal ions by fruit peels
Maximization of ethanol yield and adsorption of heavy metal ions by fruit peels
Aman Mangalmurti Kara NewmanLeong Qi DongSoh Han Wei
ProblemsDepletion of non-renewable fossil
fuels due to excessive
consumption as a source of energy
Possible extinction of bananas due to various diseases leads to banana
waste
Heavy metal water contamination of water is rampant
in many countries.
Conversion of renewable sources,
e.g. organic wastes, to fuel
ensures continual energy supply
Problems
Heavy metal ions accumulate inside
organisms and cause adverse health effects
Biosorption in removal of heavy metal ions by fruit
peel wastes
Bananas are threatened by
various diseases
Goals
To prepare extracts of fruit peel for ethanol fermentation
To determine which fruit peel gives highest ethanol yield
To determine which fruit peel waste adsorbs heavy metal ions best
To determine a protocol which maximizes efficiency of fruit waste
Experimental OutlinePreparation of fruit peel extract, microbe, heavy metal solution
Adsorption of Ions
Extraction of sugars
Ethanol Fermentation
Extraction of sugars
Ethanol Fermentation
Residue for Adsorption of Ions
VariablesIndependent
• Fruit peels used (AOS: banana, HCI: mango)
• Heavy metal ions• Order of Procedure
Dependent• Initial concentration
of reducing sugars in fruit peel extracts
• Ratio of ethanol yield to initial sugar concentration
• Final ethanol yield• Final concentration
of heavy metal ions
Constant• Mass of fruit peel
used for extraction of glucose
• Type of microorganism used
• Immobilisation of microorganism
• Fermentation conditions
• Initial concentration of heavy metal ions
• Duration of adsorption
• Mass of fruit peel particles used for adsorption
• Procedure
Apparatus & Materials
APPARATUS Centrifuge Centrifuge tube Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer cuvettes Glass rod Dropper Sieve Blender Boiling water bath Shaking incubator Fractional distillatory Quincy Lab Model 30 GC hot-air
oven Rotary Mill Sieve: 0.25mm (60 Mesh)
MATERIALS Zymomonas mobilis Glucose-yeast medium Sodium alginate medium Calcium chloride solution Sodium Chloride solution Fruit peel Deionised water Dinitrosalicylic acid Acidified potassium chromate
solution Lead (II), Copper (II), Zinc (II)
ion solutions Lead (II). Copper (II), Zinc (II)
reagent kits
MethodsETHANOL FERMENTATIONGrowth of Z. mobilis
Immobilisation of cells
Extraction of sugars from fruit peels
Determination of sugars in extracts
Ethanol fermentation by immobilized Z. mobilis cells
Determination of ethanol yield with the dichromate test
ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL IONS
Adsorption of heavy metal ions
Determination of final ion concentration
Applications
Cost-effective method of producing ethanol
Reduces reliance on non-renewable fossil
fuels
Using by-product waste
Viable method in wastewater
treatment
References Anhwange, T. J. Ugye, T.D. Nyiaatagher (2009). Chemical composition of
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www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3/pdf/19_WWDR3_ch_8.pdf US Environmental Protection Agency (2011) .Drinking Water Contaminants.
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