Matter Section 2

2-2-1 Physical Properties〉Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.

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2-2-2 Physical Properties, continued• Physical properties can help identify substances.

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2-2-3 Physical Properties, continued•Physical properties can be observed or measured.

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2-2-4 Physical Properties, continued

–Examples: shape, color, odor, texture, state, melting point, boiling point, strength, hardness, magnetism, the ability to conduct electricity or heat

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2-2-5 Physical Properties, continued

–melting point: the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid

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2-2-6 Physical Properties, continued

–boiling point: the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas

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2-2-7 Physical Properties, continued

•Physical properties help determine uses.

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2-2-8 Physical Properties, continued

•Density is a physical property.

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2-2-9 Physical Properties, continued

–density: the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

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2-2-10 Physical Properties, continued

massdensity ,

voor

lu

me

mD

V

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2-2-11 Physical Properties, continued

–common unit of density is g/cm3

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2-2-12 Physical Properties, continued

Density is different from weight.

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2-2-13 Math SkillsDensity If 10.0 cm3 of ice has a mass of 9.17 g, what is the density of ice?

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2-2-14 Math Skills1. List the given and unknown

values.

Given: mass, m = 9.17 g

volume, V = 10.0 cm3

Unknown: density, D = ? g/cm3

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2-2-15 Math Skills, continued2. Write the equation for density.

density = mass/volume, or D = m/V

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2-2-16 Math Skills, continued

3. Insert the known values into the equation, and solve. m

DV

3

9.17 g

10.0 cmD

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Chemical Properties

〉Why are flammability and reactivity classified as chemical properties?

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2-2-17 Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes how a substance changes into a new substance, either by combining with other elements or by breaking apart into new substances.

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2-2-18 Chemical Properties, continued

• Flammability is a chemical property.–flammability: the ability to burn

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2-2-19 Chemical Properties, continued

• Reactivity is a chemical property.

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2-2-20 Chemical Properties, continued

–reactivity: the capacity of a substance to combine chemically with another substance

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2-2-21 Chemical Properties, continued

• Physical and chemical properties are different.

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2-2-22 Chemical Properties, continued

Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of a substance.

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2-2-23 Chemical Properties, continued

Chemical properties can be observed only in situations in which the identity of the substance changes.

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2-2-1 Review Questions

Define physical properties.

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2-2-2 Review Questions

What can physical properties be used for?

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2-2-3 Review Questions

List 12 examples of physical properties.

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2-2-4 Review Questions

Define melting point.

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2-2-5 Review Questions

Define boiling point.

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2-2-6 Review Questions

What do physical properties help determine?

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2-2-7 Review Questions

What kind of property is density?

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2-2-8 Review Questions

Define density.

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2-2-9 Review Questions

What is the formula for density?

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2-2-10 Review Questions

What is the common unit for density?

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2-2-11 Review Questions

Density and weight are the same. True or False

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2-2-12 Review Questions

What is the density of a rock that has a mass of 40.0 g and a volume of 10.0 cm3.?

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2-2-13 Review Questions

What does a chemical property describe?

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2-2-14 Review Questions

List 2 chemical properties.

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2-2-15 Review Questions

Define flamability.

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2-2-16 Review Questions

Define reactivity.

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2-2-17 Review Questions

Chemical and physical properties are different. True or False

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2-2-18 Review Questions

What happens to the identity of a substance when physical properties are observed?

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2-2-19 Review Questions

What happens to the identity of a substance when chemical properties are observed?

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2-2-20 Review Questions

What happens to the identity of a substance when chemical properties are observed?