Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space...
-
Upload
esmond-thomas -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space...
![Page 1: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Matter: Properties & Change
Chapter 3
![Page 2: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Matter
• Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
– Everything around us
• Chemistry – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
![Page 3: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Four States of Matter
• Solids– particles vibrate but can’t
move around
– fixed shape
– fixed volume
– incompressible
![Page 4: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Four States of Matter
• Liquids– particles can move
around but are still close together
– variable shape (shape of container)
– fixed volume– virtually
incompressible
![Page 5: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Four States of Matter
• Gases– particles can separate and
move throughout container– variable shape– variable volume– easily compressed– vapor = gaseous state of a
substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature
![Page 6: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Four States of Matter
• Plasma– particles collide with enough
energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
– gas-like, variableshape & volume
– stars, fluorescentlight bulbs
![Page 7: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Physical Properties
• Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
![Page 8: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Physical Properties
• Physical properties can be described as one of 2 types:
• Extensive Property
depends on the amount of matter present (example: length)
• Intensive Property
depends on the identity of substance, not the amount (example: density)
![Page 9: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chemical Properties• Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity
![Page 10: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Physical vs. Chemical Properties
• Examples:
– melting point
– flammable
– density
– magnetic
– tarnishes in air
physical
chemical
physical
physical
chemical
![Page 11: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Physical Changes
• Physical Change
– changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
– properties remain the same
• Examples: cutting a sheet of paper, all phase changes
![Page 12: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Phase Changes
Evaporation =
Condensation =
Melting =
Freezing =
Sublimation =
Deposition =
Liquid Gas
Gas Liquid
Solid Liquid
Liquid Solid
Solid Gas
Gas Solid
![Page 13: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chemical Changes
• Process that involves one or more substances changing into a new substance– Commonly referred to as a chemical
reaction– New substances have different
compositions and properties than the original substances
![Page 14: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chemical Changes
• Signs of a Chemical Change
– change in color or odor
– formation of a gas
– formation of a precipitate (solid)
– change in temperature
![Page 15: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Physical vs. Chemical Changes
• Examples:
– rusting iron
– dissolving in water
– burning a log
– melting ice
– grinding spices
chemical
physical
chemical
physical
physical
![Page 16: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Law of Conservation of Mass
• Although chemical changes occur, mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
• Mass of reactants equals mass of productsmassreactants = massproducts
A + B C
![Page 17: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conservation of Mass• In an experiment, 10.00 g of red mercury (II)
oxide powder is placed in an open flask and heated until it is converted to liquid mercury and oxygen gas. The liquid mercury has a mass of 9.26 g. What is the mass of the oxygen formed in the reaction?
Mercury (II) oxide mercury + oxygenMmercury(II) oxide = 10.00 gMmercury = 9.26Moxygen = ?
GIVEN:Mercury (II) oxide mercury + oxygen
mmercury(II) oxide = 10.00 g
mmercury = 9.86 g
moxygen = ?
WORK:10.00 g = 9.86 g + moxygen
moxygen = (10.00 g – 9.86 g)
moxygen = 0.74 g
massreactants = massproducts
![Page 18: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyesIs the composition uniform?
noyes
![Page 19: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Matter Flowchart
• Examples:
– graphite
– pepper
– sugar (sucrose)
– paint
– soda
element
heterogeneous
mixture
compound
heterogeneous
mixture
solution
![Page 20: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pure Substances
• Element– composed of identical atoms– Example: copper wire, aluminum foil
![Page 21: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pure Substances
• Compound
– composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
– properties differ from those of individual elements
– Example: table salt (NaCl)
![Page 22: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Mixtures
• Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
![Page 23: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mixtures
• Solution– homogeneous– very small particles– particles don’t settle– Example: rubbing alcohol
![Page 24: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mixtures
• Heterogeneous– medium-sized
to large-sized particles
– particles may or may not settle
– Example: milk, fresh-squeezed lemonade
![Page 25: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Mixtures
• Examples:
– tea
– muddy water
– fog
– NaCl & H2O
– Italian salad dressing
• Answers:– Solution
– Heterogeneous
– Heterogeneous
– Solution
– Heterogeneous
![Page 26: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Separating Mixtures• Substances in a mixture are
physically combined, so processes bases on differences in physical properties are used to separate components
• Numerous techniques have been developed to separate mixtures to study components– Filtration– Distillation– Sublimation– Crystallization– Chromatography
![Page 27: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Filtration
• Used to separate heterogeneous mixtures composed of solids and liquids
• Uses a porous barrier to separate the solid from the liquid
• Liquid passes through leaving the solid in the filter paper
![Page 28: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Distillation• Used to
separate homogeneous mixtures
• Based on differences in boiling points of substances involved
![Page 29: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Sublimation
• Process during which a solid changes to a vapor without melting
• Can be used to separate two solids present in a mixture when one of the solids sublimates but the other does not
![Page 30: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Crystallization• Separation technique
that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance
• As one substance evaporates, the dissolved substance comes out of solution and collects as crystals
• Produces highly pure solids
• Rocky candy is an example of this
![Page 31: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Chromatography• Separates components of a
mixture based on ability of each component to be drawn across the surface of another material
• Mixture is usually liquid and is usually drawn across chromatography paper
• Separation occurs because various components travel at different rates
• Components with strongest attraction for paper travel the slowest; components with strongest attraction for the liquid travel the fastest
![Page 32: Matter: Properties & Change Chapter 3. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space – Everything around us Chemistry – the study of matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/56649e055503460f94af1f79/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Separation of a CompoundSeparation of a CompoundThe Electrolysis of Water
Water Hydrogen + Oxygen
2 H2O 2 H2 + O2
Reactant Products
Compounds must be separated by chemicalchemical means.
With the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements