Matter
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Transcript of Matter
![Page 1: Matter](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/554e985ab4c90526358b5274/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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MATTER• Matter is anything that
takes up space and has mass
• Four states of mattero Solido Liquido Gaso Plasma
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Atoms and Molecules
• An atom is the smallest particle that makes up matter.
• When two or more atoms combine they form a molecule.
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Kinetic Theory of Matter(Write on the back of your notes)
• Particles of matter are in constant, random motion.
• Kinetic means “heat”• The higher the temperature, the faster the
particles are moving.• Molecules in a solid move slower than
molecules in a liquid, which move slower than gas molecules.
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solids
• A solid is an arrangement of shaking molecules that are close together and attracted to each other.
• The shaking varies depending on the temperature of the particles.
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Solids- Crystalline• Solids whose atoms
are arranged in repeating patterns create crystals.
• Table salt and diamonds are crystalline solids
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solids - Noncrystalline
• Noncrystalline solids are made of large molecules that don’t arrange into repeating patterns.
• Random arrangements
• Glass and plastic are examples
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Absolute Zero
• The temperature at which particles of a solid would cease to move is called absolute zero. -273.15 0C
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Liquid
• As a solid is heated, the molecules begin to shake faster, but still attract to the molecules around it.
• When the molecules shake so much, they begin to break free, collapsing the crystal structure.
• The solid becomes free flowing molecules—a liquid.
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Phases of Matter
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Melting point• The temperature at which a
substance changes from a solid to a liquid is called the melting point or HEAT OF FUSION.
• The temperature doesn’t change during the melting stage.
• Noncrystalline solids don’t turn to a liquid, they melt by softening. Example: GLASS
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Freezing Point• As a liquid cools, its molecules
slow down and come closer together where attractive forces begin to form.
• When crystals begin to form, this is called the freezing point.
• It is the same temperature as the melting point.
• This temperature stays the same until the liquid has become a solid, then the temperature begins to fall.
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Viscosity• Viscosity is a material’s resistance
to flow.• As the temperature decreases
(gets colder), the viscosity increases – the material gets thicker.
• Some materials, such as glass will become so thick they will harden and become brittle.
• Noncrystalline substances don’t have a definite melting or freezing point.
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Plasma• The fourth State of
Matter• Plasma is created
when the electrons are pulled off an atom.
• Happens in a nuclear reaction like the sun, or high powered electrical discharges like lightening, neon light.