MATH CONCEPTS AND ESTIMATION...Go On 12 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade2 Directions: This is...
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1 Plankton Community Structure in Saguling Dam Fattreza Ihsan 1 , Feni Hastuti 1 , Regina Leny 1 , Ika Puspitasari 1 , Alya Fatina Diandari 1 , Nisrina Sukriandi 1 , Beo Nada Rezky 1 , and Rizkyanti Aulia 1 1 Institut Teknologi Bandung Keywords: Saguling Dam, plankton biodiversity, Floating Net Cage, fisheries, organic waste ABSTRACT Saguling Dam is a semi natural man-made ecosystem which is located at Bandung District, West Java. For the time being, the characteristic of Saguling Dam is changing because of human activity, such as floating net cage (FNC) activity. FNCs on Saguling Dam increase organic waste level at Saguling Dam. This causes plankton communities to change around the FNCs on Saguling Dam. Plankton communities can be used as an aquatic biologic parameter. Aspects that were inspected are the composition, abundance, and diversity of plankton species. This research’s goal is to compare plankton communities at 3 different state of FNC: dense, distant, and vacant; at three different lake depths: 0, 3, and 6 meter(s) below the surface. Plankton communities on each point of point sample is tested using Sorensen’s index. This research’s conclusion is that the diversity index at Saguling Lake is at medium level; the highest plankton abundance is at 3 meters depth, and the highest predominant genus for phytoplankton is Trachelomonas and for zooplankton is Paradileptus. Sorensen’s index results show that there are similiarities of plankton communities at several point samples. 1. INTRODUCTION Saguling Dam is a semi-natural man-made ecosystem which is located at Bandung District, West Java. The construction of Saguling Dam is done by stemming the flow of Citarum River. The condition of Saguling Dam is constantly changing over time, both naturally and based on human activities in the riparian (DAS) mainly due to the activity of floating net cages (FNC) [1] . The existence of FNC increases waste content of Saguling Dam, which took shape in the form of organic waste dominated by nitrogen and phosphorous compounds that derived from fish feed [2]. All accumulated organic waste can affect the community of plankton living in the Saguling Dam. These wastes can increase the content of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the waters that affects the abundance and plankton community structure [6]. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of FNC on plankton community structure as the biological parameter of waters in Saguling Dam. 2. METHOD Study Area The research took place at the Saguling Dam, Bandung District, West Java. In the Citarum River cascade dam system, Saguling Dam is located in the most upstream area compared to the other two Dams, namely Cirata Dam and Jatiluhur Dam. Geographically, Saguling Dam is located at 107 o 21'58.42” E and 6 o 54'46.3" S [3] . At the study area, we sampled a total of 9 sites in the three different types of FNC: dense, distant,and vacant. Description of research area is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 Map of Saguling Dam [3] Activities Description Data sampling was done on November 14th, 2017 at three different types of FNC: dense, distant, and vacant. Data analysis was done at Laboratory of SITH ITB on 15 - 30 November 2017. Plankton Sampling & Water Sampling and Physical-Chemistry Parameter Plankton sampling was done by towing method using water sampler then filtering water using plankton nets. Sampling was conducted in 3 sites with three different lake depths: 0, 3, and 6 meter(s) below the surface. The samples were poured into the film bottle and preserved later identification. Dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and orthophosphate were measured as physical-chemistry parameter of water. Determining the Abundance, Diversity, and Dominance of the Plankton 1 mL of water sample containing plankton from each location and each depth was dropped into Sedgewick rafter, then observed under microscope. Plankton abundance was determined by the following equation that were developed by APHA [4] ,Plankton diversity index was determined by the formula of Shannon-Wiener index [5] .Plankton dominance index was determined by the formula of Simpson index 17th World Lake Conference, Lake Kasumigaura, Ibaraki, Japan, 2018 891 P1-1
Transcript of MATH CONCEPTS AND ESTIMATION...Go On 12 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade2 Directions: This is...
Go On
12 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
Directions:
This is a test of how well you know numbers and math words.
• Four answers are given for each question. Choose the answerthat you think is best.
• Fill in the answer space for the best answer.
This sample shows you what the questions are like. It alsoshows how to mark your answers.
Sample
S1 Which shape is a square?
❍ ❍ ❍ ❍
MATH CONCEPTS AND ESTIMATIONPart 1: Math Concepts
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Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 13
1 What is the missing number in the pattern?
❍ 34 ❍ 35 ❍ 40 ❍ 41
2 Which number shows 1 ten and 6 ones?
❍ 6 ❍ 16 ❍ 61 ❍ 106
3 Which group shows fewer than 3 dogs?
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❍
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14, 24, , 44, 54
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14 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
4 Fran wants to buy a set of markers for $1.89.Which of these is NOT enough money?
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5 Which number shows 15 more than 14?
❍ 4 ❍ 15 ❍ 19 ❍ 29
6 Stacie drew a shape that shows equal parts.Which one of these did she draw?
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Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 15
7 Which numbers are in order from least to greatest?
❍ 1, 2, 4, 3 ❍ 2, 4, 3, 5 ❍ 6, 7, 9, 8 ❍ 4, 5, 6, 7
8 Pam has a music lesson at 3:00. It takes her about30 minutes to get to her teacher’s house. Which clockshows the time she should leave?
❍ ❍ ❍ ❍
9 About how much does a book weigh?
❍ 1 pound ❍ 10 pounds
❍ 100 pounds ❍ 00 pounds
10 Each side of the table is 4 feet long. How many feetaround is the table?
❍ 6 feet ❍ 8 feet ❍ 10 feet ❍ 16 feet
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16 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
11 Which coins show 45¢?
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12 How many corners does a triangle have?
❍ 0 ❍ 2 ❍ 3 ❍ 4
13 Which of these is a picture of a cone?
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14 What is the fourth letter in the word?
Q U E S T I O N
❍ U ❍ S ❍ I ❍ N
15 Which number is more than 30 and less than 60?
❍ 14 ❍ 22 ❍ 42 ❍ 71
16 Which shape shows �34
�?
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17 Which clock shows ten minutes later than two-thirty?
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18 How many tens are there in 94?
❍ 4 ❍ 5 ❍ 9 ❍ 13
19 Which number is missing in the pattern?
❍ 17 ❍ 18 ❍ 20 ❍ 35
20 Which shows the number for fourteen?
❍ 4 ❍ 10 ❍ 14 ❍ 41
5, 10, 15, , 25, 30
1211109
87 6 5
43
211211
109
87 6 5
43
211211
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87 6 5
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211211
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87 6 5
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Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 17
STOP
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18 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
Directions:
This is a test about estimating answers to math problems.
• Four answers are given for each problem. Estimate theanswer to each problem. No scratch work is allowed.
• Use the number line. Choose the answer that is the bestestimate. Do not spend too much time on any oneproblem. Try to finish all the problems.
• Remember, estimate. Do not find exact answers.
This sample shows you what the problems look like. It alsoshows you how to mark your answers.
Sample
S1 49 � 19 is about _______.
❍ 50
❍ 60
❍ 70
❍ 80
MATH CONCEPTS AND ESTIMATIONPart 2: Math Estimation
0 10 20 30 40 50
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Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 19
21 Ted buys a notebook for 69¢ and a candy bar for 49¢.Which is the closest estimate for about howmuch he spent?
❍ $1.00¢ ❍ $1.20 ❍ $1.80 ❍ $2.00
22 The closest estimate for 217 � 23 is _____.
❍ 200 ❍ 210 ❍ 220 ❍ 230
23
Which numbers show how to get the closest estimatefor the total number of fish?
❍ 0 � 20 ❍ 10 � 20 ❍ 10 � 10 ❍ 10 � 30
24 Kim has 247 rocks in her collection. Max has 122 rocksin his collection. Which is the best estimate of about howmany rocks Kim and Max have together?
❍ 350 ❍ 370 ❍ 400 ❍ 500
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20 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
25 There are 23 students in the second grade and 28 studentsin the third grade. 23 � 28 is about _____.
❍ 20 ❍ 30 ❍ 40 ❍ 50
26 Trisha's desk is 72 inches long. Mary's desk is 48 inches long.About how much longer is Trisha's desk than Mary's?
❍ 20 inches ❍ 40 inches ❍ 60 inches ❍ 80 inches
27 Lily throws a ball 134 feet. Raymond throws a ball 81 feet.About how much farther did Lily throw the ball?
❍ 20 feet ❍ 50 feet ❍ 80 feet ❍ 100 feet
28 The closest estimate for $1.49 � $2.19 is _____.
❍ $1.50 ❍ $2.00 ❍ $3.70 ❍ $5.00
Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 21
29
What is the closest estimate for the total number of gumballs?
❍ 30 ❍ 60 ❍ 100 ❍ 150
30
About how much more does the toy car cost than thepad of paper?
❍ 60¢ ❍ 70¢ ❍ 80¢ ❍ 90¢
31 17 � 15 is about _____.
❍ less than 20 ❍ more than 20, but less than 30
❍ more than 30, but less than 40 ❍ more than 40
STOP
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22 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
Directions:
This is a test of how well you solve math problems.
• Work through each problem. Compare your answer withthe possible answers that are given.
• For some problems, four answers are given. Choose theanswer that is correct.
• For other problems, there are three possible answers and a“Not Given.” This means that the correct answer is not given.If the correct answer is not given, fill in the last answer space.
This sample shows you what the problems look like. It alsoshows you how to mark your answers.
Sample
S1 Mario has 4 cookies. Sarah has 6 cookies. How manycookies do Mario and Sarah have altogether?
❍ 8
❍ 9
❍ 10
❍ Not Given
MATH PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATAINTERPRETATIONPart 1: Math Problem Solving
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Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 23
1 Tasha and her brother went for a walk in the woods. Theycounted the animals they saw. Tasha saw 8 squirrels, 4 deer,and 2 chipmunks. How many animals did Tasha see altogether?
❍ 12 ❍ 14 ❍ 16 ❍ 18
2 Some of the trees in the forest were more than four-hundredyears old. Which number shows four-hundred?
❍ 4 ❍ 40 ❍ 400 ❍ 4,000
3 Tasha is 7 years old. Her brother is 24 years old. How mucholder is her brother?
❍ 7 years ❍ 14 years ❍ 17 years ❍ 21 years
4 Tasha picked up 30 leaves. 15 of them were oak leaves. The otherleaves were maple. How many maple leaves did Tasha pick up?
❍ 10 ❍ 15 ❍ 20 ❍ 25
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24 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
5 Pablo likes to call his friends on the telephone. He calls 4of his friends every day. How many calls does Pablo makein 2 days?
❍ 2 ❍ 6 ❍ 8 ❍ 10
6 Pablo called Marsha at 2:30. She was doing her homework.She told Pablo to call back in one hour. Which shows whenPablo should call Marsha back?
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7 Pablo talked to Marsha for 32 minutes. Then he talked to hisgrandmother for 18 minutes. How many more minutes didPablo talk to Marsha than to his grandmother?
❍ 12 ❍ 13 ❍ 14 ❍ 15
8 It costs 15¢ every time Pablo calls Rita. How much moneydoes it cost for Pablo to call Rita 5 times?
❍ 60¢ ❍ 75¢ ❍ 80¢ ❍ 90¢
9 One day Pablo talked to Marsha for 60 minutes. He talked tohis grandmother for 60 minutes. How long did Pablo talk toMarsha and his grandmother?
❍ 120 minutes ❍ 180 minutes ❍ 200 minutes ❍ Not Given
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211211
109
87 6 5
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Directions: Use the map to answer questions 10-14.
10 The zoo is planning to get 3 more zebras. How many zebraswill there be in all?
❍ 17 ❍ 18 ❍ 19 ❍ 20
11 The zookeeper wants to divide the lions into groups of 3.How many groups of 3 lions will there be?
❍ 3 ❍ 4 ❍ 5 ❍ 6
12 How many more monkeys are there in the zoo than bears?
❍ 2 ❍ 6 ❍ 12 ❍ Not Given
13 One night, half of the goats at the zoo got out of their pen.How many goats were left in their pen?
❍ 3 ❍ 4 ❍ 5 ❍ 6
14 Dave visits the zoo. He has $5.00. He spends $3.50 on lunchat the snack bar. Now he wants to buy a sticker book at the giftshop for $1.69. How much more money does he need?
❍ 9¢ ❍ 19¢ ❍ 69¢ ❍ 89¢
STOP
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26 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
Directions:
This is a test of how well you use information from graphsand tables.
• Four possible answer choices are given for each problem.Choose the answer that you think is best.
• Now fill in the answer space for the best answer.
The sample shows you what the problems arelike. It also shows how to mark your answers.
Sample
Use the chart below to answer question S1.
S1 How many of Pat's friends like vanilla ice cream best?
❍ 3 ❍ 4 ❍ 6 ❍ 9
Vanilla
Chocolate
Strawberry
Mint
Number of Pat'sFriendsFlavor
6
9
4
3
FAVORITE ICE CREAM FLAVORSof PAT'S FRIENDS
MATH PROBLEM SOLVING AND DATAINTERPRETATIONPart 2: Data Interpretation
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Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 27
Directions: Use the chart below to answer questions 15-17.
Mrs. Schneider counted the number of houses on 4 streets where she deliversmail.
15 To how many houses on Oak Street does Mrs. Schneiderdeliver mail?
❍ 2 ❍ 3 ❍ 4 ❍ 5
16 How many more houses on Walnut Street than on MapleStreet does Mrs. Schneider deliver mail to?
❍ 2 ❍ 3 ❍ 4 ❍ 5
17 How many houses does Mrs. Schneider deliver mail to altogether?
❍ 8 ❍ 9 ❍ 13 ❍ 15
Street Number of Houses
Elm Street
Maple Street
Oak Street
Walnut Street
Each stands for one house.
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28 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
Directions: Use the chart below to answer questions 18-21.
18 How many letters did Elizabeth receive on Thursday and Friday?
❍ 1 ❍ 2 ❍ 3 ❍ 4
19 On which two days did Elizabeth receive the samenumber of letters?
❍ Tuesday and Friday ❍ Monday and Wednesday
❍ Tuesday and Thursday ❍ Wednesday and Thursday
20 On which day did Elizabeth receive the fewest letters?
❍ Tuesday ❍ Wednesday ❍ Thursday ❍ Friday
21 How many letters did Elizabeth receive during the week?
❍ 5 ❍ 6 ❍ 9 ❍ 12
Day Number of Letters
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Each stands for one letter.
Number of letters Elizabethreceived during a week
Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 29
Directions: Use the chart below to answer questions 22-24.
Mrs. Roth took a survey to find out where all the studentsin her class would like to go on a field trip.
22 How many students wanted to go to a museum or a zoo?
❍ 2 ❍ 8 ❍ 14 ❍ 18
23 How many more students wanted to go to an amusementpark than the zoo?
❍ 6 ❍ 8 ❍ 10 ❍ 12
24 How many students are there in Mrs. Roth's class?
❍ 24 ❍ 28 ❍ 30 ❍ 32
Museum
Amusement Park
Zoo
Number of StudentsPlace
6
18
8
STOP
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30 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
This is a test of how well you can add,subtract, and multiply.
• For each problem, there are threeanswers and an “N.” The “N” meansthat the correct answer is not given.
• Work through each problem. Thencompare your answer with thepossible answers that are given.
• Fill in the answer space next to thebest answer.
• If your answer is not given, fill in thelast answer space.
This sample shows you what theproblems are like. It also shows how tomark your answers.
Sample:
S1 4 � 2 � ❍ 4
❍ 5
❍ 6
❍ N
1 15 � 11 � ❍ 4
❍ 6
❍ 14
❍ N
2 12 � 26 � ❍ 35
❍ 36
❍ 39
❍ N
3 11 � 6 � ❍ 5
❍ 9
❍ 10
❍ N
4 16 � 4 � ❍ 16
❍ 20
❍ 22
❍ N
Math Computation
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Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2 31
5 15 � 3 � ❍ 2
❍ 6
❍ 12
❍ N
6 14 � 8 � ❍ 9
❍ 11
❍ 22
❍ N
7 64 � 10 � ❍ 45
❍ 48
❍ 54
❍ N
8 ❍ 248
❍ 258
❍ 348
❍ N
9 ❍ 105
❍ 115
❍ 125
❍ N
10 ❍ 90
❍ 171
❍ 172
❍ N
11 ❍ 274
❍ 280
❍ 310
❍ N
12 ❍ 72
❍ 77
❍ 82
❍ N
13 ❍ 180
❍ 230
❍ 320
❍ N
14 ❍ 100
❍ 190
❍ 210
❍ N
180� 20���
122� 108����
90� 18���
270� 40���
180� 9��
319� 204����
240� 108����
32 Success on Standarized Tests • Grade 2
15 ❍ 54
❍ 59
❍ 63
❍ N
16 ❍ 82
❍ 92
❍ 108
❍ N
17 ❍ 60
❍ 70
❍ 100
❍ N
18 ❍ 266
❍ 284
❍ 314
❍ N
19 2 � 5 � ❍ 7
❍ 9
❍ 10
❍ N
20 2 � 4 � ❍ 1
❍ 4
❍ 8
❍ N
21 2 � 2 � ❍ 0
❍ 1
❍ 2
❍ N
22 3 � 3 � ❍ 6
❍ 8
❍ 9
❍ N
23 5 � 4 � ❍ 9
❍ 15
❍ 20
❍ N
24 4 � 3 � ❍ 9
❍ 12
❍ 16
❍ N
270� 14���
140� 80���
154� 72���
55� 9��
