Bellwork- have slate on desk!1. Explain how you would build this LEGO penguin?

2. What “rules” do you have to follow when building something with LEGOs? (i.e. how do they work?)

3. What would happen if you didn’t have all of the right pieces?

4. Find the TATA box & transcribe the gene into mRNA (hint: a gene must code for more than one amino acids):

GCT ATA GCG TAC ATG CTT TCA ACT CGA CGA TAT CGC ATG

TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT

5. Translate the mRNA into an amino acid sequence using a codon wheel to find the secret word.

6. When you are finished work on the “Secret Messages” assignment

Bellwork check

GCT ATA GCG TAC ATG CTT TCA ACT CGA

CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT

mRNA: CGC AUG UAC GAA AGU UGA GCUTranscription

Amino acids: --- start(M) Y E S stop --- Translation

Protein Folding (On back of notetaker)

After translation, amino acid chains must fold into the correct 3D shape before they can begin working in the cell.

Remember this?

Enzymes (a type of protein) must be the correct shape to carry out their function

Discuss with your neighbor: How might proteins

get folded into the correct shape?

Amino Acid Sequence!

Amino acids interact based on their

chemical structure

Example: Cysteines (C) always form a “bridge” which folds the protein

(Like lego pieces)

Amino acid side chains

Try it Out

Toober = amino acid chain Tacks = different amino acid “side chains”

(compounds that stick off the side)

Randomly distribute the 15 tacks on your toober GREEN tacks represent cysteines fold your

protein to create a disulfide bridge between the 2 cysteines

Fold your protein according to the amino acid side chain rules

Color Tack Type of side chain How it interacts

YELLOW Hydrophobic (water-fearing)

Buried inside of the protein where they are hidden from water molecules outside

BLUE Positively (+) charged Bonds to negative (-) side chains to neutralize

RED Negatively (-) charged Bonds to negative (+) side chains to neutralize

WHITE Polar (hydrophilic: water-loving)

Found on surface/outside where it can bond with water

GREEN Cysteine amino acid Forms a bond with another cysteine to make a “bridge”

How did you do? Trade proteins with another pair, and see if

they followed all of the rules. If not, show them where to fix it!

Color Tack Type of side chain How it interacts

YELLOW Hydrophobic (water-fearing) Buried inside of the protein where they are hidden from water molecules outside

BLUE Positively (+) charged Bonds to negative (-) side chains to neutralize

RED Negatively (-) charged Bonds to negative (+) side chains to neutralize

WHITE Polar (hydrophilic: water-loving)

Found on surface/outside where it can bond with water

GREEN Cysteine amino acid Forms a bond with another cysteine to make a “bridge”

Based on your final protein shape, draw what shape your protein would have?

Add a picture of what the substrate it acts on might look like?

Draw your protein & the substrate it would act on in the draw-box on

your notes

Think about it

Were some proteins easier to fold than others?

What do you think happened over time to proteins that were too difficult to fold?

Suggest how protein folding could be related to evolution

What’s a mutation?

Modeling a mutation

Remove the yellow hydrophobic amino acid closest to the top

Replace it with a white polar amino acid

Fix your amino acid folding (yellow must be on inside, white must be on outside)

Explain how your protein shape changed (or didn’t).

How would this affect your protein’s ability to do its job?

Where do mutations come from?

GCT ATA GCG TAC ATG CTT TCA ACT CGA

CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT

Where do mutations come from?

GCT ATA GCG TAC ATG CTT TCA ACT CGA

CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT

CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT

GCT ATA GCG TAC ATC CTT TCA ACT CGA

mRNA: CGC AUG UAC GAA AGU UGA GCU aa seq: --- start(M) Y E S stop ---

mRNA: CGC AUG UAG GAA AGU UGA GCU aa seq: --- start(M) STOP

No Protein!

Closure Finish filling in the table below

Name of process Where it occurs Type(s) of RNA involved

Summary of how it works

Transcription mRNA

CytoplasmThe info coded in mRNA is used to make an amino acid chain

Protein Folding none

Closure Finish filling in the table below

Name of process Where it occurs Type(s) of RNA involved

Summary of how it works

Transcription Nucleus mRNARNA Polymerase makes an mRNA copy of the DNA gene, starting right after the promoter (TATA). Introns spliced out of mRNA before it leaves the nucleus.

Translation Cytoplasm mRNA, rRNA, tRNA Ribosome reads the mRNA and matches it to the tRNA’s which bring correct amino acids. Forms a long amino acid chain.

Protein Folding Cytoplasm none

Amino acid chains fold into a specific pattern based on the way the side chains interact with one another

Another day….

Mutations critical reading BW

Mutations Worksheet

Complete the mutations worksheet to see the effect of different kinds of mutations on the final protein

When you are finished, pick up the new critter assignment & begin your rough draft (due the day of the test)

Closure

Draw a comic strip showing the major steps of protein synthesis (transcription, translation, protein folding)

Extra Videos

http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/nvim_vid_milk/

  video about mummy DNA, genes, mutations and lactose intolerance

http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/novat10_vid_fruitfly/   turning genes on and off