MARS in 2005 · MARS 2005 SOUTH POLAR HOOD Appears in Late S. Summer. Early Southern Autumn, 2006....

MARSMARS

in 2005in 2005

MARS MARS 20052005

Opposition: 7 Nov….Opposition: 7 Nov….

MARS MARS 20052005


Closest: Closest: 30 Oct….30 Oct….

Hurricane Wilma interfered with many observers at oppostion

MARS MARS 20052005


Closest: Closest: 30 Oct….30 Oct….

43.7 Million Miles43.7 Million Miles

20.2 arc20.2 arc--secondsseconds

44 Million Miles

20.2”

63 million miles

Perihelic (2001)

42 Million Miles

20.5”

35 Million Miles

25.2”

44 Million Miles

20.2”

55 million Miles

15.8”

Dec 24, 2007

EARTHLIKE MARSEARTHLIKE MARS

Mars Day = 24 h 39 mMars Day = 24 h 39 m

(A Little Slower Than Earth)(A Little Slower Than Earth)


Mars Day = 24 h 39 mMars Day = 24 h 39 m

… Rotates only 350… Rotates only 350°°°°°°°° / 24 hrs./ 24 hrs.

Central Longitude “Backs” AroundCentral Longitude “Backs” Around

~ 10° per day~ 10° per day

Need Observers Around the WorldNeed Observers Around the World

Takes 36 Days to Takes 36 Days to

Get Back to Original LongitudeGet Back to Original Longitude

SO:

INTERNATIONAL MARS PATROLINTERNATIONAL MARS PATROL

MARS 2005MARS 2005

> 4,5004,500 ObservationsObservations

144 144 ObserversObservers

23 23 CountriesCountries

Australia

Belgium

Brazil

Canada

Chile

China

Czech Rep.

Denmark

France

Germany

Italy

Japan

Kazakhstan

Mexico

Netherlands

Philippines

Puerto Rico

Romania

Singapore

Slovenia

Spain

U.K.

U.S.

Venezuela

MARS 2005… MARS 2005…

AN INTERNET APPARITIONAN INTERNET APPARITION

MARS 2005… MARS 2005…

AN INTERNET APPARITIONAN INTERNET APPARITION

WWW.BIG-UNS.COM

http://www.mars.dti.ne.jp/~cmo/oaa_mars.html

http://elvis.rowan.edu/marswatch/

Professional Advisors:Professional Advisors:

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/marsobservers/

2005: 1400 Members!2005: 1400 Members!

7052

3281

4500

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

# Observations

1988 2003 2005

MARS OBSERVATIONS, A.L.P.O.

2005 APPARITION COVERAGE:2005 APPARITION COVERAGE:

77% of a MARS YEAR77% of a MARS YEAR

12 Feb 2005

159°°°° Ls

(Ikemura)

July 6 2006

76°°°° Ls

(Ulowetz)

VISUAL

PHOTO

CCD

VISUAL

CCD

VISUAL

CCD

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1988 2003 2005

Fast Frame Rate:Fast Frame Rate:

“Beat the Seeing”“Beat the Seeing”

WEBCAMSWEBCAMS

Visual observations are still …

… the backbone of our work

N. Biver

2005 apparition coverage

MARS 2005MARS 2005

S. SpringS. Spring S. SummerS. Summer

J. BeishJ. Beish

S. AutumnS. Autumn

Courtesy J. Beish

MARS 2005MARS 2005

SOUTH POLAR CAPSOUTH POLAR CAP

S. Spring through SummerS. Spring through Summer

SPC is offset ~5°°°° near 45°°°°W. longitude

NPC 1960's, 1980's, 1990's

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

1993, 95, 97, 99

1980, 82, 84

1963, 65, 67, 69

Ls °°°°

Areocentric

Latitude (

ββ ββ)°°°°

Mars Global Surveyor found SPC shrinkage 1999-2005

“Mars is undergoing global warming and we don’t know why …”

David Malin, MGS team leader

Courtesy

K. Edgett,

M. Malin, JPL

POLAR CAP RIFTS & “OUTLIERS”POLAR CAP RIFTS & “OUTLIERS”

Mountains of Mountains of MitchelMitchel ThylesThyles MonsMons

246°°°° - 248°°°° Ls 252°°°° Ls

Rima Angusta

259°°°° - 262°°°° Ls

POLAR HOODSPOLAR HOODS

AUTUMN AND WINTERAUTUMN AND WINTER

SPC SPC

NPHNPH

S. Summer … N. Winter

MARS 2005MARS 2005

SOUTH POLAR HOODSOUTH POLAR HOOD

Appears in Late S. SummerAppears in Late S. Summer

Early Southern Autumn, 2006Early Southern Autumn, 2006

Cap may form from the hood as it dissipates

Mars Global Surveyor

Feb – April, 2005Deposition of the SPC from the SPH

Thin hood, no SPC underneath Hood thickens SPC forms

Oct 18, 2005 D. ParkerOct 18, 2005 D. Parker

Northern Winter N. Polar Hood

CLOUDS !!CLOUDS !!

MARS HAS AN ATMOSPHEREMARS HAS AN ATMOSPHERE


MARS HAS WEATHERMARS HAS WEATHER

Arsia

Pavonis

Ascraeus

Olympus

Water Ice Crystal Clouds

2005: 3042005: 304°°°°°°°° Ls Ls …… S. MidS. Mid--SummerSummer

304°°°° Ls … (mid S. Summer)

132°°°° Ls … (mid N. Summer)

180180°°°°°°°° Ls Ls …… S. Vernal EquinoxS. Vernal Equinox

Early Northern Spring … Few Orographics

MARS: POLAR CAPS

NPC = CO + H O Core

SPC = CO

2 2

2 (Mostly)

ArgyreArgyre

Mar 11 2006Mar 11 2006

D. ParkerD. Parker

7 Dec 20057 Dec 2005

Larry OwensLarry Owens

CC--14, 14, AtikAtik--II

Hellas

N. SpringN. Spring--SummerSummer S. SpringS. Spring--SummerSummer

Beish and Parker, J. Geophysical Res. 95, B9 (1990)

62°°°° Ls … Late N. Spring

117°°°° Ls … Early N. Summer

4 Sept. 20054 Sept. 2005

D. ParkerD. Parker

282°°°° Ls … Early S. Summer

OlympusOlympus

ArsiaArsia

AscraeusAscraeus

PavonisPavonis

4 Sept. 20054 Sept. 2005

D. ParkerD. Parker

Arsia Cloud: 2003 … Mid S. Spring

Arsia cloud near local noon

Arsia cloud near local 1 PM

Arsia cloud near local 3:30 PM

Arsia cloud near local late afternoon

Arsia cloud near local sunset

Arsia cloud at local sunset

Arsia Mons Arsia Mons OrographicOrographic 2005: Early S. Summer2005: Early S. Summer

4141°°°°°°°° Ls Ls …… Mid Northern SpringMid Northern Spring

ELYSIUM OROGRAPHIC CLOUDELYSIUM OROGRAPHIC CLOUD

March 30, 2006… Early N. SpringMarch 30, 2006… Early N. Spring

D. Parker

5.7 arc-secs

N. Summer

S. Summer

MARS …MARS …

ALWAYS HAS SURPRISESALWAYS HAS SURPRISES

MARTIAN DUST STORMSMARTIAN DUST STORMS

•• Bright in Bright in RED RED LightLight

•• Moving ObscurationsMoving Obscurations

•• Anomalous Albedo FeaturesAnomalous Albedo Features

The 2001 Dust Storm…The 2001 Dust Storm…

The Syrtis Major RegionThe Syrtis Major Region

19 Km

(Schmude)

MARTIAN DUST STORMS: CLASSIFICATIONMARTIAN DUST STORMS: CLASSIFICATION

�LOCAL: Major Axis < 2000 Km

L. J. Martin


L. J. Martin

�REGIONAL: > 2000 Km - Not Encircling


L. J. Martin

�PLANET-ENCIRCLING / GLOBAL

2001

The Great 1971 Dust Storm

MARS PLANET MARS PLANET -- ENCIRCLINGENCIRCLING

DUST STORMS SINCE 1877DUST STORMS SINCE 1877

19091909

19241924

19561956

1971197119731973

19751975

19771977

19771977

19821982

20012001

… from R. … from R. McKIMMcKIM

N. Spring-Summer S. Spring-Summer

Beish and Parker, JGR 1990, Icarus 1999

MARS 2005MARS 2005

5 Dust Storms, Aug. 5 Dust Storms, Aug. –– Nov.Nov.

4 Localized, 1 Regional4 Localized, 1 Regional

S. Spring-Summer

Late S. Spring: Late S. Spring: 313°°°°-317°°°° Ls

2005: Aug. 2 2005: Aug. 2 -- 1212

2005: Oct. 13 2005: Oct. 13 -- 1515

Mid S. Summer: Mid S. Summer: 304°°°°-307°°°° Ls

Local Dust Storm … 13-15 Oct, 2005

304°°°°-307°°°° Ls

Oct. 13, 2005

Oct. 14, 2005

Oct. 15, 2005

Regional Dust Storm … 17-26 Oct, 2005

308°°°°-313°°°° Ls

Max long axis ≅≅≅≅ 2200 Km

3.7 x 106 Km2

Oct. 17, 2005

Oct. 18, 2005

Oct. 19, 2005

Oct. 21, 2005

Oct. 22, 2005

Oct. 24, 2005

Oct. 26, 2005

2005: Oct. 17 2005: Oct. 17 –– 26: 26: 308°°°°-313°°°° Ls

Rolf MeierRolf Meier

Local Dust Storm(s) … 26 Oct – 1 Nov, 2005

313°°°°-317°°°° Ls

Max long axis ≅≅≅≅ 1360 Km

1.4 x 106 Km2

Oct. 27, 2005

Oct. 28, 2005

Oct. 29, 2005

Oct. 30, 2005

Oct. 31, 2005

Nov. 1, 2005

2005: Oct. 26 2005: Oct. 26 -- Nov. 1Nov. 12005: Oct. 26 2005: Oct. 26 –– Nov. 1: Nov. 1: 313°°°°-317°°°° Ls

R. Schmude

3 STORMS: Oct 13 – Nov 1

… Maybe just one storm with multiple foci … ?

2005: Nov. 22 2005: Nov. 22 –– 23: 23: 328°°°°-329°°°° Ls

Localized Storm

Albedo FeaturesAlbedo Features

1941 1956 1971 1986

Solis Lacus

Lowell

Parker

P

Parker

Serpentis 2003

2-8 July, 2003: 214°°°° - 218°°°° LS

13-30 Dec, 2003: 315°°°° - 325°°°° LS

Aug. 2003 D. Parker

Tharsis Volcanoes

OLYMPUS MONS, 2005OLYMPUS MONS, 2005

400 miles

17 miles

Sept 4, 2005Sept 4, 2005 Nov 7, 2005Nov 7, 2005

“Opposition Effect”“Opposition Effect”

Olympus Mons:Olympus Mons:

Adrian JonesAdrian Jones

Phobos and Deimos

Adrian JonesAdrian Jones

Opportunity Lander:Opportunity Lander:

“HOLD STILL, LARRY … IT’S TAKING ANOTHER PICTURE”“HOLD STILL, LARRY … IT’S TAKING ANOTHER PICTURE”

Solar Eclipse by Phobos as seen by Opportunity

MARS in 2005 · MARS 2005 SOUTH POLAR HOOD Appears in Late S. Summer. Early Southern Autumn, 2006....

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