Marine Taxonomy Revised PDF
Transcript of Marine Taxonomy Revised PDF
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Marine TaxonomyThe Basics.
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Taxonomy Review
Why use thissystem?
*Consistency throughout theScientific Community
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Breakdown of Marine Taxonomy
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Plantae,Fungi, Bacteria
Kingdom AnimaliaInvertebrates and Vertebrates
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Kingdom Protista: In MarineEnvironments
What is a Protist?
unicellular or multicellular
colonies of eukaryotic cells
autotrophic,mixtrophic, heterotrophic
Marine Examples:
Some Plankton
Some Algae
http://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/randerson/Marine%20Invertebrates/dinophyt.htm
Dinofla
gellates
Zooplank
ton
http://www.prism.washington.edu/lc/CLFISH497/Web5.html
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Kingdom PlantaeIn Marine Environments
Characteristics...
Autotrophic
Multicellular
Have roots & leaves
Cell wall
Few TRUE Marine PlantsMangrove shrubs
Grasses
http://dpi.qld.gov.au/28_9127.htm
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Fungi
Fungi
Multicellular
Sessile
Gather nutrients from outside body
Marine Examples:
Grow on Mangrove Shrubs, Docks, Driftwood
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BacteriaUnicellular
Prokaryotic Cells
Archaebacteria: Archae: ancient
Live in extreme environments
Marine Examples: Chemosynthetic
bacteria
EubacteriaCommon bacteria
Marine Examples: Cyanobacteria
(Bacterioplankton) http://www.csuchico.edu/chem/facultyStaff/edwards.shtml
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Kingdom Animalia
Complex multicellular
organisms
Specialized sense organs
Invertebrate
Lacks vertebral column
Vertebrate
Intact vertebral column
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Invertebrate Phyla in MarineEcosystems
Porifera
Echinodermata
MolluscaArthropoda
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Marine Worms
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Porifera: Sponges
orus: oresNo definite symmetry
Multicellular, no organs
Filter feeders
Sessile
Larval stage is planktonic
Inner space (not true body cavity)
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07twilightzone/logs/may23/media/sponges_galore.html
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Echinodermata: Sea Stars and Urchinsechino: s in derm: skin
Radial symmetry
Water vascular system (locomotion, respiration, feeding)
Tube feet
Internal skeleton
Spiny skin
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Mollusca: Cephalopods, Gastropods, BivalvesAll
Mantle
Shell
Cephalopoda(cephal: head pod: foot)
Suction tentacles, Beak
Squid, octopus, nautilus, cuttlefish
Gastropoda(gastro: stomach pod: foot)
1 Part shell
Definite heads w/ 1-2 sensory tentaclesSnails
Bivalve( bi: two)
2 part hinged shell
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Arthropoda: Class CrustaceanArthro:jointpod: foot
All
Bilateral symmetry (most cases)
Exoskeleton
Jointed legs
Body divided into 2-3 sections
Crustaceans
2 pairs antennae
2 branch on limbs
Often have fused appendages (i.e. Lobster claw)
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Cnidaria: Anemones, Sea Jellies,Coralsnide: to itch
Radial symmetry
Sac-like internal cavity
Tentacles around mouth
Nematocysts
Planktonic Larval form
2 Body Forms
Medusa, and Polyp
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Nematocysts
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Ctenophore: Comb Jelliesktenos: comb phoros: bearing
Radial symmetry
Swims using plates of cilia (combs)
Well developed nerve net
Planktonic larval stage
Carnivorous
http://www.terradaily.com/reports/And_The_First_Animal_On_Earth_Was_A_999.html
http://www.seacortez.com/inverts/index.html
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Marine Worms
Annelidia-Annellus: little ring
Bilateral symmetry
Segmented
Closed circulatory system
Nematoda- Nema: thread
Bilateral symmetry
No circulatory system
Platyhelminthes-Platy: flatHelminthes: worms
Bilateral symmetry
Flat worms
Most parasites
Pogonophora- Pogo: Bearded
Bilateral symmetry
Live in naturally secreted tubes
Feed on detritus, dissolved nutrients
or through symbiosis with bacteria
http://www.dgukenvis.nic.in/Giant%20tube%20worm.jpg
http://www.fcps.edu/westspringfieldhs/academic/science
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A Closer Look At Marine Vertebrates
Phylum Chordata
3 Classes of Fish
Marine Mammals
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Phylum Chordata(Not all vertebrates but getting close)
Pharyngeal Slits
Used for feeding
Later modified for respiration (fish)
EndostylePrimitive esophagus
Post Anal Tail
Dorsal Nerve Chord
Primitive spinal chord
Notochord (some point of life cycle)
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S b h l U h d
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Subphylum: Urochordata(aka Tunicates)
Filter feeders
Pelagic (larval stage) - Sessile (adult stage)
Adults digest motor nerves
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Subphylum: Cephalochordata
Chordate characters plus...
Myomeres (muscle segments)
Spinal nerves
Lancelets
Notochord present throughout life
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Subphylum: Craniata
Chordate and Cephalochordate Characters Plus...
Neurocranium (braincase)
Cartilage skeleton (bone in some)
Paired external sense organs
1 nostril, 1 semicircular canal (hagfish)
Primitive vertebral elements,fin muscles, jaw, 2 semicircular canals (lamprey)
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3 Classes of FishCyclostomata- Cyclo: Round Stomata: Hole
Eel -like Jawless fish
Ex/ Lamprey
Osteoichthyes- Osteo: BoneIchthy: Fish
Bony fish
Ex/ Salmon, Clownfish, Angelfish....
Chondrichthyes- Chond: CartilageCartilaginous fish
Ex/ Sharks, skates, rays, chimeras
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Fi t f ll
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First of all...What is a Mammal?
Has hair or fur
Give birth to live young
Mothers produce milk
Warm blooded
Have lungs to breath air
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M i M l
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Marine Mammals
Pinnipeds:pinna: feather ped: foot
Seals and Sea Lions
Sirenia: siren: mermaid-like creature of myths
Manatees and Dugongs
Cetaceans: cete/cetus: Large sea creature
Whales and Dolphins
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Pi i d
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Pinnipeds...Whats the difference between a seal and sea lion?
Seal: (U.S. west and east coast)
Short front flippers
No ear flaps
Sea Lion: (U.S. west coast only)
Long, supportive front flippers
Ear flaps
Long, flexible neck
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ren aManatees and Du..what?
Fully aquatic and herbivorous
Fossil records indicate 12 species of Sirenia
4 Remaining species: Endangered
Stellers Sea Cow
Extinct since 1786
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e aceans
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e aceansOndontocete and Mysticete
Ondontocetes: Toothed Whales
Includes Dolphins and PorpoisesMysticetes: Baleen Whales
Major food source plankton
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Dolphins vs. PorpoisesDolphins:
Can exceed 10 ft. in length
Wave shaped dorsal fin
Sleek and slender
Prominent rostrum
Social tendencies with humans
Communicative whistles
Porpoises:
Never exceed 7 ft. in length
Triangular dorsal fin (shark like)
Robust features (chubby)
Lack a rostrum
Rarely interact with humans
Both have intense reproduction
cycles: Pregnancy possible w/in 5
weeks of calving