Marine Ecology Survey Report TR010021... · Marine Ecology Survey Report TR010021 . APFP Regulation...

Marine Ecology Survey Report

TR010021

APFP Regulation 5(2)(a) Revision 1 Planning Act 2008 Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure) Regulations 2009

December 2016

Silvertown Tunnel v1.1

Appendix 10.B Marine Ecology Survey Report

PINS Reference Number: 6.3.10.2

THIS PAGE HAS INTENTIONALLY BEEN LEFT BLANK

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Silvertown Tunnel

TR010021 Marine Ecology Survey

Report

Planning Act 2008

The Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure) Regulations 2009

TfL Document Reference: ST150030-PLN-ZZZ-ZZ-DSD-ZZ-0066

Regulation Number: 5(2)(a)

Author: Transport for London

Rev. Date Approved By Signature Description

0 29/04/2016 David Rowe (TfL Lead Sponsor)

For DCO Application

1.1 14/12/2016 David Rowe (TfL Lead Sponsor)

Amendments to Figure 1-2 Habitat Map following comments received from MMO

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Contents

List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................ 6

Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................... 7

1. MARINE ECOLOGY SURVEY REPORT ...................................................... 8

1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 8

1.2 Methodology.................................................................................................. 8

1.3 Results ........................................................................................................ 12

1.4 Conclusions................................................................................................. 21

1.5 References .................................................................................................. 21

Appendix A. Benthic Invertebrate Results ...................................................... 23

Appendix B. Organic Content and Particle Size Analysis Results ................ 25

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List of Tables

Table 1-1: Intertidal and Subtidal Benthic Survey Results........................................ 17

Table 1-2: Invertebrate abundance .......................................................................... 23

Table 1-3: Biomass .................................................................................................. 24

Table 1-4: Organic content ....................................................................................... 25

List of Figures Figure 1-1: Survey Location ....................................................................................... 9

Figure 1-2: Habitat Map ............................................................................................ 13

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List of Abbreviations

ABP Associated British Ports

ABPmer ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd

BAP Biodiversity Action Plan

CCW Countryside Council for Wales

CEFAS Centre for Environment, Fisheries and

Aquaculture Science

MHCBI

Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland

MMO Marine Management Organisation

NERC Natural Environment and Rural Communities

NMBAQC National Marine Biological Analytical Quality Control

OC Organic Carbon

PSA Particle Size Analysis

ROG Recommended Operational Guidelines

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Glossary of Terms

Benthic A description for animals, plants and habitats associated with the seabed.

Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitat UK BAP priority habitats cover a wide range of semi-natural habitat types, and were those that were identified as being the most threatened and requiring conservation action under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP).

Biotope The physical habitat with its associated, distinctive biological communities. The smallest unit of a habitat that can be delineated conveniently and is characterised by the community of plants and animals living there.

Intertidal The area of a shore which is covered at high tide and uncovered at low tide.

Organic Carbon The amount of carbon found in an organic compound.

Particle Size Analysis The collective name of the technical procedures, or laboratory techniques which determines the size range, and/or the average, or mean size of the particles in a powder or liquid sample.

Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey A standardised system for classifying and mapping wildlife habitats.

Subtidal The portion of the shore which lies below the level of mean low water for spring tides. Normally it is covered by water at all states of the tide.

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1. MARINE ECOLOGY SURVEY REPORT

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 An intertidal and subtidal ecological survey has been undertaken to inform the baseline of the Silvertown Tunnel Environmental Statement (PINS Document Reference Number: 6.1).

1.1.2 The specific objectives of the survey were to:

• Map and describe the intertidal and subtidal habitat directly impacted by the proposed scheme; and

• Confirm the presence and distribution of any rare species or protected habitats in the area.

1.1.3 The surveys involved the following components:

• Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey: Habitat mapping of the intertidal zone of the foreshore in the vicinity of the marine works;

• Intertidal Benthic Invertebrate Survey: Core sampling of the intertidal sediments in the vicinity of the proposed works in order to better understand and quantify the intertidal infaunal assemblages found in the area; and

• Subtidal Benthic Invertebrate Survey: Grab sampling of the subtidal sediments in the vicinity of the proposed works in order to better understand and quantify the subtidal assemblages found in the area.

1.1.4 Further details of the methodologies used for the surveys are provided in Section 1.2. The results of the surveys are presented in Section 1.3 with an overall conclusion provided in Section 1.4.

1.2 Methodology

Intertidal Habitat Survey

1.2.1 A Phase 1 Intertidal Habitat Survey was undertaken on the foreshore in the vicinity of the proposed Scheme on 16 December 2016 (Figure 1-1). The approach was based on the standardised Phase 1 mapping methodology detailed in the Marine Monitoring Handbook, Procedural Guidance No 3-1 (Wyn & Brazier, 2001) and Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) Handbook for Marine Intertidal Phase 1 Survey and Mapping (Wyn et al., 2000).

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Figure 1-1: Survey Location

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1.2.2 The landward boundary of the survey was located at the foot of the river wall. The seaward boundary was the lowest part of shore which could be accessed at the time of low water.

1.2.3 The habitat survey and core sampling was undertaken using a hovercraft. Aerial photography and satellite images were taken into the field to create sketch maps. Habitats in the area were mapped as polygons using the Marine Habitat Classification for Britain & Ireland (MHCBI) 04.05 to biotope class levels 4 or 5 (Conner et al., 2004). Biotopes, or other notable features, covering less than 5 m² were recorded using referenced target notes.

Intertidal Benthic Invertebrate Survey

1.2.4 Benthic samples were collected concurrently at the same time as the intertidal habitat survey on the 16 December 2015.

1.2.5 Invertebrate samples were collected at nine stations. The location of these stations can be seen in Figure 1-1. At each of these stations, three replicate cores (using a 0.007 m² hand core) were taken, one to determine the organic carbon (OC) of the sediments, one for particle size analysis (PSA) and one for macrofaunal analysis (invertebrate abundance and biomass).

1.2.6 Field notes and photographs were also made to record details such as:

• The sediment type;

• The specific characteristics of the habitat at the precise point where the samples were retrieved (e.g. within the trough or crest of sand ripples);

• The depth of the sediment core; and

• The presence of visible invertebrate fauna and the depth of the anoxic layer.

Subtidal Benthic Invertebrate Survey

1.2.7 The subtidal grab sampling survey was undertaken on the 15 December 2015. The sampling methods followed the procedures outlined in the Recommended Operational Guidelines (ROG) for Grab Sampling and Sorting and Treatment of Samples (Guerra and Freitas, 2013) and the Marine Monitoring Handbook, Procedural Guideline No 3-9. The survey used a 0.1 m² Day Grab (Thomas, 2000).

1.2.8 Samples were proposed to be collected at ten stations. The location of these stations can be seen in Figure 1-1. At each site up to three attempts were

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made to retrieve a suitable sample (i.e. a grab containing sufficient volume of sediment for analysis). At sites where a viable sample could not be obtained (e.g. on hard ground) the site was abandoned. The sediment depths within the grab which were used for sample acceptance were a minimum of 7 cm for muddy or soft sediments and 5 cm for hard packed or coarse sediments. Anything less than these values was only retained if no other viable sample was collected. Hard ground consisting of cobbles and gravels was encountered throughout the subtidal survey area which made retrieving suitable samples for analysis difficult. However, viable macrofauna samples were collected form two sites (SU9 and SU5) with enough material for PSA and OC from a third site (SU3). In addition, small numbers of cobbles and pebbles were retrieved from other sites (Table 1-1). The Marine Management Organisation (MMO) and Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) were kept informed on the progress of the survey.

1.2.9 Additional detail that was recorded at each station included:

• Sediment description;

• The presence of visible invertebrate fauna; and

• Digital image of sediment collected.

Laboratory Analysis

1.2.10 Following the survey, the benthic samples were transported to the laboratory for processing within 24 hours of collection. The processing was conducted according to the methods set out in Davies et al. (2001) and involved washing the sediment through a 500 µm mesh sieve and then temporarily preserving the sample in 5 % formosaline solution. The fauna were then sorted from the sieve residue using a low power binocular microscope. All of the macroinfaunal specimens were identified to species level (where practicable) and enumerated. This work was undertaken in adherence with ISO 16665 standards and the National Marine Biological Analytical Quality Control (NMBAQC) Scheme Guidelines.

1.2.11 The PSA and OC sample analysis was undertaken using an established methodology for determination of particle size of marine and estuarine sediments (ABPmer, 2006). The analysis was carried out using a Mastersizer laser diffractor which produces detailed sedimentary profiles for fine sediments (clay, sand and silts). An individual analysis report with graphic sedimentary profiles was produced after each analysis. The OC

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analysis was carried out on a loss-on-ignition basis using a drying oven for 24 hours at 105 °C.

1.3 Results

Intertidal Habitat Survey

1.3.1 The extent of the different intertidal habitats recorded in the survey can be seen Figure 1-2. In the western (upstream) section of the survey area, the only exposed area of foreshore was a thin strip of coarse sand directly below the sea wall. In general, the sediment in the area became siltier towards the downstream (eastern) section of the survey area with small areas of mudflat habitat recorded in the eastern section. Patches of cobbles and gravel as well as debris (such as bricks, concrete and rubbish) were also present, particularly in the eastern section of the site (Figure 1-2).

1.3.2 No visible fauna or signs of fauna (such as casts, trails or burrows) were recorded in the survey.

1.3.3 The coarse sand habitat is most appropriately described as a more sheltered and lower salinity version of the biotope LS.LSa.MoSa.BarSa (Barren littoral coarse sand) with the mudflat habitat most appropriately assigned to LS.LMu.UEst.Tben (Tubificoides benedii and other oligochaetes in littoral mud). LS.LMu.UEst.Tben is a upper estuarine fine sandy mud biotope which occurs very sheltered conditions and subject to reduced salinity with an infaunal community that is species poor and, consisting almost exclusively of oligochaetes (as recorded in the invertebrate survey described below).

1.3.4 Intertidal mudflat habitat is a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) Priority Habitat (UK Biodiversity Action Plan, 2008) and listed as a Habitat of Principal Importance in England under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 Section 41 (NERC, 2008). However, the extent of mudflat habitat in this area was small and is considered to be of limited ecological importance.

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Figure 1-2: Habitat Map

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Intertidal Benthic Invertebrate Survey

1.3.5 The results of the invertebrate faunal analysis are presented in Appendix A. The PSA outputs and results of the OC analysis can be seen in Appendix B. Summary information on the sedimentary and ecological conditions at the sites based on these results are presented in Table 1-1.

1.3.6 In total, nine intertidal stations were successfully sampled1. The location of the stations sampled were chosen to ensure a good distribution across the range of different habitats encountered and also based on the available foreshore that could be accessed on the day.

1.3.7 As described above, the habitat in the survey area consisted of a range of soft sediment types including coarse sands, sandy mud and mud. Organic Content in the samples ranged between 1 and 7% (Table 1-1). The macrofauna results suggest that the infaunal community is highly impoverished with the number of taxa found in the samples ranging from zero to two and the number of individuals from zero to 23, 285 per m².

1.3.8 The oligochaetes Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri dominated the assemblage and contributed almost entirely to the low total abundances of organisms recorded at most of the stations. The abundance of this species ranged from 1,142 to 17,279 organisms per m². The species is found further seaward than any other freshwater aquatic oligochaete species e.g. upper estuaries where salinity is typically less than 5 psu (Budd, 2003). This species is common in the inner Thames Estuary and typically occurs in the highest densities in enriched areas e.g. near sewage outfalls (Birtwell and Arthur, 1980, Aston, 1973).

1.3.9 Very low numbers (<1,050 per m²) of the microdrile oligochaete Enchytraeidae spp, tubificoid oligochaete Baltidrilus costatus, nematodes and gastropods (Peringia ulvae and Cochliopidae) were also recorded at several of the stations.

1.3.10 The assemblage recorded is considered typical of the community recorded on mudflats in the inner Thames Estuary (ABPmer, 2007; Attrill, 1998; Environment Agency, 2015). For example, Environment Agency intertidal benthic monitoring on the nearby foreshore at Woolwich has also recorded a

1 One station (IN4) could not be sampled due to the area being underwater at low water.

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benthic assemblage characterised primarily by L. hoffmeisteri and other oligochaetes (Environment Agency, 2015).

1.3.11 No individual infaunal species considered to be rare, of conservation importance or protected was recorded in the survey.

Subtidal Benthic Invertebrate Survey

1.3.12 Based on the sediment type that was encountered and also the very strong river flows present in this area, the seabed is expected be highly scoured and frequently disturbed. This was reflected in a relatively impoverished assemblage dominated by mobile and typically opportunistic species such as the scavenging amphipod Gammarus zaddachi and brackish mud shrimp Apocorophium lacustre. G. zaddachi has been found to be the dominant species in terms of biomass and abundance in some sections of the inner Thames Estuary (Attrill, 1998).

1.3.13 Station SU5 consisted of gravel and cobble sediment with a sparse faunal assemblage recorded (Table 1-1). In general, macrofauna was only recorded in low abundances (<200 per m²) at the site with only the amphipod Apocorophium lacustre relatively abundant (3,960 per m²). Other species recorded included the oligochaete B. costatus, isopod Cyathura carinata, several species of polychaete including the invasive Boccardiella ligerica and molluscs such as the freshwater bivalve species Corbicula fluminea, freshwater snail Cochliopidae spp and invasive mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum. This station is expected to be representative of the gravel and cobble habitat expected to occur in the wider survey area.

1.3.14 Station SU9 consisted of leaf litter and other organic debris with very little sediment present (Table 1-1). This sample is likely to be comprised of material that has settled in a scour pit over the harder cobble and pebble ground. The amphipod G. zaddachi was recorded in relatively high densities (970 per m²) with very low numbers of other species recorded including oligochaetes, the amphipod A. lacustre and brown shrimp Crangon crangon.

1.3.15 The assemblage recorded at these stations is considered typical of the community recorded in subtidal habitats in the wider area (ABPmer, 2007; Attril, 1998; Environment Agency, 2015). For example, Environment Agency subtidal benthic monitoring nearby at Woolwich and Greenwich also recorded a benthic assemblage characterised by mobile crustaceans. The invasive B. ligerica and P. antipodarum were also recorded in high abundances at several stations in these areas.

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1.3.16 No habitats or individual subtidal species considered to be rare, of conservation importance or protected was recorded in the survey. The subtidal habitats in the survey area are most appropriately assigned to a reduced salinity and more impoverished version of the biotope SS.SCS.CC (Circalittoral coarse sediment).

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Table 1-1: Intertidal and Subtidal Benthic Survey Results

Survey Area Station Samples

Collected Sample Photo

Sedimentary Characteristics Ecological Characteristics

D50 (µm)

Sediment Type*

OC Level (%)

No. of Taxa (per m²)

No. of Individuals

(per m²)

Total Biomass (per m²)

Key Characterising Species

Intertidal

IN1A Three replicates collected (PSA,

OC, macrofauna)

396 Medium coarse sand 1 1 143 0.1 Mudsnail Peringia

ulvae

IN2X Three replicates collected (PSA,

OC, macrofauna)

577 Medium coarse sand 1 2 1, 000 0.0429

Oligochaetes Limnodrilus

hoffmeisteri and Enchytraeidae spp


OC, macrofauna)

577 Medium coarse sand 1 1 429 0.2143 Freshwater snail

(Cochliopidae)

IN4X Site underwater at

the time of low water

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A


OC, macrofauna)

26 Sandy mud 7 2 286 0.0286 Nematodes and oligochaete L. hoffmeisteri

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D50 (µm)

Sediment Type*

OC Level (%)


No. of Individuals

(per m²)




OC, macrofauna)

22 Sandy mud 4 2 13, 571 4

Oligochaetes L. hoffmeisteri

and Baltidrilus costatus


OC, macrofauna)

55 Sandy mud 3 2 23, 285 7 Oligochaetes L.

hoffmeisteri and B. costatus

IN8 Three replicates collected (PSA,

OC, macrofauna)

56 Sandy mud 3 1 1, 143 0.1429


OC, macrofauna)

56 Sandy mud 2 0 0 0 No species recorded

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D50 (µm)

Sediment Type*

OC Level (%)


No. of Individuals

(per m²)




OC, macrofauna)

14 Mud 7 0 0 0 No species recorded

Subtidal

SU1 Grab did not fire in three attempts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A


SU3

Grab fired once out of the three attempts. Small

amount of material collected suitable

for PSA/OC analysis

5, 629 Sandy gravel N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

SU4

Grab fired once out of the three

attempts. Several pebbles retained

in jaw

N/A Gravel and cobbles N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

SU5


attempts. Enough material retrieved

to allow macrofaunal

analysis (but not PSA/OC)

N/A Gravel,

pebbles and cobbles

N/A 9 4, 420 29

Oligochaete B. costatus,

he amphipod crustacean

Apocorophium lacustre and

isopod crustacean Cyathura carinata

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D50 (µm)

Sediment Type*

OC Level (%)


No. of Individuals

(per m²)



SU6



in jaw.

N/A Pebbles and cobbles N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A


SU8



in jaw.

N/A Pebbles and cobbles

SU9


attempts. Enough material retrieved

to allow macrofaunal and

sedimentary analysis (PSA undertaken by

Cefas and reported

separately)

Not enough sediment in sample to allow PSA

analysis (all leaf

litter/organic material)

Leaf litter and other organic debris

90% 5 1, 080 19

The amphipod crustaceans

Gammarus zaddachi and A. lacustre


* Based on PSA where available as well as visual observations.

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1.4 Conclusions

1.4.1 Both intertidal and subtidal habitat in the survey area was found to be species poor. Intertidal habitat consisted of a mixture of coarse sand and mudflat habitat characterised primarily by several oligochaete species in low abundances. Subtidal habitat consisted of scoured gravel and cobble sediment with a sparse faunal assemblage dominated primarily by mobile crustaceans. The species and benthic assemblages recorded in the area were considered typical of communities recorded in the inner Thames Estuary.

1.4.2 Intertidal mudflat habitat is a BAP Priority Habitat (UK Biodiversity Action Plan, 2008) and listed as a Habitat of Principal Importance in England under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 Section 41 (NERC, 2008). However, the extent of mudflat habitat in this area is small and is considered to be of limited ecological importance. No other marine species or habitats which are considered nationally scarce or rare were recorded.

1.5 References

ABPmer, (2006). ABP Marine Environmental Research Methodology for Determination of Particle Size of Marine and Estuarine Sediments. ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd, Internal File Note.

ABPmer, (2007). Benthic Ecology of the Thames Estuary. ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd, Report No. R.1381. November 2007.

Aston, R.J., (1973). Tubificids and water quality: a review. Environmental Pollution (1970), 5(1), pp.1-10.

Attrill, M., (1998). The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of the Thames estuary. In A rehabilitated estuarine ecosystem (pp. 85-113). Springer US

Budd, G.C. (2003). Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri An oligochaete. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1859

Birtwell, I.K. and Arthur, D.R., (1980). The ecology of tubificids in the Thames estuary with particular reference to Tubifex costatus (Claparede). In Aquatic oligochaete biology (pp. 331-381). Springer US.

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Connor, D.W., Allen, J.H., Golding, N., Howell, K.L., Lieberknecht, L.M., Northern, K.O. and Reker, J.B., (2004). The Marine habitat classification for Britain and Ireland. Version 04.05 JNCC, Peterborough.

Davies, J., Baxter, J., Bradley, M., Connor, D., Khan, J., Murray, E., Sanderson, W., Turnbull, C. & Vincent, M., (2001). Marine Monitoring Handbook, JNCC. ISBN 1 86107 5243.

Guerra, M.T and Freitas, R. (2013). Recommended Operational Guidelines (ROG) for grab sampling and sorting and treatment of samples. Mesh Atlantic.

ISO, (2014). ISO 16665:2014 Water quality -- Guidelines for quantitative sampling and sample processing of marine soft-bottom macrofauna. International Organization for Standardization

NERC, (2008). Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 Section 41: Habitats of Principal Importance in England.

Thomas, N.S. (2000). Procedural Guideline No. 3-9 Quantitative sampling of sublittortal sediment biotopes and species using remote-operated grabs. In Davies J., Baxter J., Bradley M., Connor D., Khan J., Murray E., Sanderson W., Turnbull C. & Vincent M. 2001. Marine Monitoring Handbook, 405 pp.

UK Biodiversity Action Plan, (2008). Priority Habitat Descriptions: Intertidal Mudflats.

Wyn, G. and Brazier, P. (2001). Procedural Guideline No. 3-1 - In situ intertidal biotope recording. In Davies J., Baxter J., Bradley M., Connor D., Khan J., Murray E., Sanderson W., Turnbull C. & Vincent M. 2001. Marine Monitoring Handbook, 405 pp.

Wyn, G., Brazier, D. P. and McMath A. J., 2000. CCW handbook for marine intertidal Phase 1 survey and mapping. CCW Marine Sciences Report: 00/06/0.

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Appendix A. Benthic Invertebrate Results

Table 1-2: Invertebrate abundance

Species

IN1A

IN2X

IN3X

M

F

IN5X

IN6X

IN7

IN8

IN9X

IN10

X

SU5

SU9

NEMATODA 1

Hediste diversicolor 1

Boccardiella ligerica 3

Streblospio 1

Nais elinguis 2

Baltidrilus costatus 7 1 20

Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 1 1 88 162 8 1

Enchytraeidae 6

Gammarus zaddachi 97

Apocorophium lacustre 396 7

Cyathura carinata 13

Crangon crangon 1

Cochliopidae 3 3

Peringia ulvae 1

Potamopyrgus antipodarum 4

Corbicula fluminea 1

Total abundance per sample

1 7 3 2 95 163 8 0 0 442 108

Total abundance per m²

143 1000 429 286 13571 23284.6 1142.8 0 0 4420 1080

Total number of taxa 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 9 5

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Table 1-3: Biomass

Species IN

1A

IN2X

IN3X

IN5X

IN6X

IN7

IN8

IN9X

IN10

X

SU5

SU9

NEMATODA 0.0001 Hediste diversicolor 0.004 Boccardiella ligerica 0.002

Streblospio 1E-04

Nais elinguis 0.0001

Baltidrilus costatus 0.0011 1E-04 0.006 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 2E-04 0.0001 0.0253 0.047 0.001 0.0001

Enchytraeidae 1E-04 Gammarus zaddachi 0.9297

Apocorophium lacustre 0.161 0.0029

Cyathura carinata 0.017 Crangon crangon 0.9178

Cochliopidae 0.002 0.017

Peringia ulvae 0.0007

Potamopyrgus antipodarum 0.013 Corbicula fluminea 2.686 Total biomass per sample

0.0007 3E-04 0.002 0.0002 0.0264 0.047 0.001 0 0 2.906 1.8506

Total biomass per m² 0.1 0.043 0.214 0.0286 3.77124 6.728 0.14285 0 0 29.06 18.506

Total number of taxa 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 9 5

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Appendix B. Organic Content and Particle Size Analysis Results

Organic Content Results

Table 1-4: Organic content

Sample Weight of Crucible

Weight of Wet Sample +

Crucible

Weight of Dry Sample + Crucible

(Post 105oC)

Weight of Sample +

Crucible (Post 475oC)

LOI475 (%)

IN3 42.5767 64.7579 59.9701 59.8417 1 IN2 41.0589 61.6134 57.2345 57.0891 1 IN1a 48.158 69.6474 65.6238 65.4903 1 IN9x 44.664 65.326 57.4789 57.2264 2 IN6x 41.6305 62.6928 52.0329 51.6356 4 IN7 43.8352 65.2048 55.8835 55.5274 3 IN8 50.9515 71.5794 63.2155 62.8623 3 IN5 41.6346 62.6836 50.7024 50.0868 7

IN10x 41.5287 62.7244 50.4551 49.8625 7 SU9 40.7446 61.2391 44.4667 41.1241 90

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Particle Size Analysis Results

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