Marine 2 16-12
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Transcript of Marine 2 16-12
Chapter 8 Sponges, Cnidarians
Review Animal Characteristics
–Animals b/c have characteristics •Multicellular• eukaryotic &
lack cell walls•Heterotrophs
Phylum Porferia• Asymmetric• Sessile- attach to a substrate• Color, shapes, and size vary • Structure– System of water canals– Ostia-circulates water that carries nutrients in (via
spongeocoel) and out of cell (via oscula)
Level of Organization• Lack Organs and
Tissues– Do have specialized
cells• Choanocytes (collar
cells) -flagella that move water into body
• Pinacocytes-protection; outer layer
• Archaeocytes-repair and regeneration
• Body plan Evolution– simple to complex
(more efficient)
a.) usually in colonies-simplestb. Fist stages of foldingc. Most efficient-most sponges have this
body plan
Microciona Prolifera- red beard sponge
Feeding and Digestion
• Suspension and filter feeders• Collar cells strain food from H2O• Most food digested/stored in archaeocytes• Undigested material/waste leaves with water
currents
Reproduction• Asexual– budding (uncommon)
• New sponge buds off existing adult
– Fragmentation• Usually result of storms, waves, predators
• Sexual– Hermaphrodites-can produce eggs or sperm (but not at same
time)– Sperm is spawned into the water and enters another sponge
with eggs to fertilize– Zooplankton larvae –spend time swimming before settling on
substratehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QiFBhHR7VLI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Ecological Roles
• Recycle calcium• Compete with others for space• Mutualistic –serve as host for other organisms• Predator-prey: have few predators b/c don’t taste good– Hawksbill sea turtle
• Commercial: polish metals, bath sponges• Medical: used in treatment of cancer
Review: Wrapping it all up
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laJgUrSsO_k&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Phylum: Cnidaria (pronounced "ny-DAIR-ee-
an) “stinging cells”
• Characteristics– Radial symmetry– Most have nerves and muscles• 1st animals with this complexity
– Body arranged in circular pattern• 2 different plan
– Polyp: benthic; mouth surrounded by tentacles– Medusa: free floating
• Both have– Epidermis– Gastrovascular cavity
– Stinging Cells-cnida • Used for locomotion, defense, capturing prey
Representative organisms
• Hydrozoans- colonial • Scyphozoans-true jellyfish• Anthozoans-sea anemones and corals
Feeding and Digestion
• Hydrozoans and Anthozoans: Suspension feeders– Sea anemone feed on inverts like brine shrimp
• Jellyfish– Carnivorous feed on fish and larger inverts
• Prey is paralyzed by a toxin, drawn into mouth, digested in Gastrovascular cavity
• Waste is forced back through mouth (meaning they poop through their mouth!!!!)
Reproduction• Variety of reproductive
strategies – Asexual
• Polyps produces more polyps or medusa
• Hydrozoans: pinch off parts; fission
– Sexual• Spawning• Can be hermaphrodites or
separate sexes (jellyfish)• Go though a polyp stage and
medusa stage•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06BPlLATtgc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Ecological Roles• Harmful poisonous• Predators- have few predators---
Why???• Forms habitats (coral reefs most biodiverse
ecosystem)
• Mutualistic– Sea anemone and clownfish– Sea anemones and hermit crabs
Phylum: Ctenophora
• Radial symmetry• Lack stinging cells• Planktonic• Transparent• 8 rows of comb plates w/ cilia– Locomotion
• Surface waters• Bioluminescence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icKB9EfURhQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
• Feeding and Digestion– Carnivore-feed on planktonic animals– Digested in Gastrovascular cavity
• Reproduction– Hermaphroditic– Spawn both eggs and sperm in water column