Marc Prein: Organic aquaculture and sustainable fisheries – ecolabelling and aquaculture...
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Transcript of Marc Prein: Organic aquaculture and sustainable fisheries – ecolabelling and aquaculture...
Brussels Development Briefing n.32
Fish-farming the new driver of the blue economy?3rd July 2013
http://brusselsbriefings.net
Organic Aquaculture and sustainable fisheries- ecolabelling and aquaculture certificationMark Prein, GIZ
Seite 213.04.2023 Sektorvorhaben Förderung einer nachhaltigen Fischerei und Aquakultur
Organic aquaculture and sustainable fisheries - ecolabelling and aquaculture certification
Mark Prein, GIZ
Seite 3Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Definition: Organic Aquaculture
production management systems that:
• promote and enhance biodiversity, biological cycles and biological activity;
and are based on:
• minimal use of off-farm inputs;
• holistic management practices that restore, maintain and enhance species diversity and ecological harmony.
Seite 4Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
History of Organic Aquaculture
• 1994 Organic carp: Austria, Germany
• 1995 Organic salmon standard: Ireland (Naturland)
• 1998 Organic salmon standard (Soil Association)
• 1999 Organic shrimp standard: Ecuador (Naturland & GTZ)
• 2000 France national OA standard
• 2000 Organic shrimp: Vietnam (Naturland and SIPPO)
• 2000 IFOAM basic OA standard
• 2001 Organic tilapia: Israel
• 2002 Organic sea bream: France
• 2005 California bans labelling of organic seafood
• 2005 Organic micro-algae: Taiwan POC
• 2006 Organic pangasius: Vietnam (Naturland & GTZ)
• 2009 EU Organic Aquaculture Rules in force
Seite 5Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Organic Aquaculture Production (2009)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
ton
ne
s
Bergleiter et al. 2009
Seite 6Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Status of Organic Aquaculture
• 100,000 tons global production
• € 400 million total market value, € 1 billion producer turnover
• > 240 certified operations (China: 72)
• 30 countries
• 30 Species
• 80 different standards (EU: 18)
• Trend: steady growth
• National standards/labels
Bergleiter et al. 2009
Seite 7Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Geographic Distribution ofOrganic Aquaculture Production (2008)
Bergleiter et al. 2009
Seite 8Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
IFOAM 2010
Seite 9Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Species: Fish
• “Carp”
• “Trout”
• Atlantic salmon
• Red drum
• Meagre
• Sea bream
• Sea bass
• Tilapia
• Striped catfish (pangasius)
Seite 10Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Species: Shellfish
• Black tiger shrimp
• Western white shrimp
• Pink shrimp
• Freshwater prawn
• Blue mussel
• Chilean mussel
Seite 11Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Production Issues
• Species permitted; introductions
• Biodiversity (e.g. plants on dikes)
• Recommendation for polyculture
• Rearing systems: cages, ponds; tank systems (hatcheries)
• Stocking density limited
• Aeration use: Energy efficiency
• Climate impact (CO2/kg)
• Monitoring of effluent quality
• Ecological status of systems (e.g. benthos)
• Social Standards
Seite 12Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Production Issues: Health
• Reduced instances of diseases
• Costs for medical treatments reduced
• Net cages: sea lice – cleaner fish (wrasse)
• No antibiotics in invertebrates (e.g. Naturland; EU less stringent)
• Vaccinations permitted
• Probiotics permitted
• Predator control: birds (nets), otters, seals
• Unwanted fish fry: plant extracts
• Detergents, anti-foulants
• Distance between farms
Seite 13Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Production Issues: Feed
• Bottleneck in supply of certified organic feed = main impediment to expansion !
• Net cages, semi-intensive pond culture
• Demand outstrips feed supply
• Ingredients sourced on international markets
• Initiate local production
• Sourcing ingredients locally
• Permissible sources and limits of fish meal and fish oil
Seite 14Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Certification of Smallholder Groups
• Long history with certification of coffee and tea farmer cooperatives
• Based on functioning ICS (Internal Control System)
• Costs typically covered by processing/exporting companies
• Certified shrimp farmer groups in Costa Rica, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia
Seite 15Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Products
• Fresh
• Frozen
• Smoked
• Marinated
• MAP-packed
• Value-added products
Seite 16Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Consumer Perspective
• Consumer is the driving factor!
• Evolution and diversification
• “Naturally grown” / “Sustainable”
• “Healthy”
• “Taste”
• “Fair”
• “Special Treat”
• = LOHAS (“Lifestyle of Health and Safety”)
Seite 17Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023
Future Outlook
• Production increases: salmon, “shrimp”
• Total value of € 1 billion in 2012 (?)
• Undersupply for some finfish: e.g. tilapia, trout
• Further diversification needed
• Feed bottleneck to be solved
• Harmonization, but competitive business
• USDA decision – then expansion in the USA
• Market expansion, e.g. China, South Korea, Russia
Seite 1813.04.2023 Sektorvorhaben Förderung einer nachhaltigen Fischerei und Aquakultur