Mapping the surface of Imja Glacier, Nepal
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GIS in Water Resources Fall 2013Clayton Ernst
Mapping the surface of Imja Glacier, Nepal
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What is the Problem?
• Climate Change → Warmer Alpine Temperatures → Melting Glaciers
→ Formation of Glacial Lakes
• Potential for Glacial Lake Outburst Floods & devastating consequences downstream
• Lack of Understanding of Glacial Melting→ Need for more accurate melt models
(to inform disaster planning & preparation)
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Focus: Imja Tsho, Nepal
• Analyze recently collected field data of debris cover thickness• Correlate with digital surface model• Infer debris thickness across extent of glacier
GOALS:
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Data Summary
DEM from ALOS PRISM by D. Lamsal, 2006
Debris thickness measurements by Dave Rounce of McKinney Research Group (CRWR-EWRE)September 2013
5m spatial resolution (1/6 arcsec)
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Interpolation Attempt: Kriging
Note: N = 22
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Digital Surface Model
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Digital Surface Model
Next:Attempt to find correlations between slope, aspect, or curvature and debris thickness
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DSM Correlations
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.00
20
40
60
80
100
120
Slope v. Thickness
Slope (% rise)
Debr
is Th
ickne
ss (c
m)
0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.00
20
40
60
80
100
120
Aspect v. Thickness
Aspect (degrees from N)
Debr
is Th
ickne
ss (c
m)
-15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.00
20
40
60
80
100
120
Curvature v. Thickness
Surface Curvature
Debr
is Th
ickne
ss (c
m)
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Elevation Discrepancy
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Elevation DiscrepancyLamsal DEM vs. GPS Tracker Recorded Elevation
-21.8134766900002
-17.9005127991669
-13.9875489083335
-10.0745850175001
-6.16162112666673
-2.24865723583336
1.66430665500002
5.5772705458334
9.49023443666678
13.4031983275002
17.3161622183335
21.22912610916690
20
40
60
80
Elevation Discrepancy Histogram
Elevation Discrepancy (m)
Coun
t
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Normal Probability Plot: Elevation Discrepancy
Standard Normal Z-VariateEl
evati
on D
iscre
panc
y Z-
Scor
e
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14004850
4900
4950
5000
5050
5100
5150
5200
Lamsal GPS
Trek Progress
Elev
ation
(m) On-glacier
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Results & Future Work
• Imja glacier’s surface is complex and dynamicMore comprehensive is data required to make meaningful inferences
• Perform further statistical analyses with elevation discrepancy data: are differences significant? On-glacier vs. Off-glacier?
• Investigate alternative data sources – i.e. ASTER albedo data
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Dave Rounce (PhD candidate) & Dr. Daene McKinney
Questions?