AMENDMENTS to

2012 Manual of

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS and

Manual of STANDARD PLANS

Adopted by

Standard Specifications Committee

Amendment

No. 3

Published by

Utah LTAP Center Utah State University 8305 Old Main Hill

Logan UT 84322-8205 (800) 822-8878 or (435) 797-2931

Geogrids and Geocomposites

31 05 21 - 1

SECTION 31 05 21 GEOGRIDS AND GEOCOMPOSITES

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES A. Geogrid and geocomposite reinforcement in embankments, over subgrades, in granular

bases, and in roadway pavements. 1.2 REFERENCES A. AASHTO Standards: R50-09 Geosynthetic Reinforcement of the Aggregate Base Course of Flexible

Pavement Structures T 289 Determining pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion Testing. B. ASTM Standards: D 276 Melting Point Minimum. D 4354 Sampling of Geotextiles for Testing. D 4355 Resistance to Loss of Load Capacity under UV light and Weathering. D 4759 Determining Specification Conformance of Geosynthetics. D 4873 Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geotextiles. D 6637 Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrid. D 7737 Load Transfer Capability. D 7748 Flexural Rigidity of Geogrids, Geotextiles and Related Products. C. ASCE Publications: 1. Giroud, J.P., and Han, J. (2004). “Design Method for Geogrid-Reinforced Unpaved

Roads. Part I – Development of Design Method.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130 (8), 775-786.

2. Giroud, J.P., and Han, J. (2004). “Design Method for Geogrid-Reinforced Unpaved Roads. Part II – Calibration and Applications.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130 (8), 787-797.

D. EPA Standards: 9090 - Compatibility Test for Wastes and Membrane. E. FHWA Standards: NHI-09-087 Corrosion/Degradation of Soil Reinforcement for MSE Walls and

Reinforced Soil Slopes. NHI-10-024 Design and Construction of MSE Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes –

Volume I. NHI-10-025 Design and Construction of MSE Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes –

Volume II. F. GRI Standards: GG9 Torsional Behavior of Bidirectional Geogrids When Subjected to In-Plane

Rotation

Geogrids and Geocomposites

31 05 21 - 2

1.3 DEFINITIONS A. BCG: Acronym for base course geogrid. B. Geocomposite: Fabric composed of a geogrid and either a geotextile or a tack film. C. LAG: Acronym for large aggregate geogrid. D. MARV: Acronym for minimum average roll value (defined in Section 31 05 19). E. MSE: Acronym for mechanically stabilized earth. F. SAG: Acronym for small aggregate geogrid. 1.4 SUBMITTALS A. Submit at least one (1) week prior to placement. 1. Geogrid product data and sample. 2. Geocomposite product data and sample. 3. Manufacturer’s warranty. 4. Installer’s warranty. 5. Tack coat grade. 6. Information requested by ENGINEER. B. If a bituminous surface is placed concurrent with the reinforcement, check temperature

requirements and minimum thicknesses. Submit daily report to ENGINEER. Report the following.

1. Tack temperature (minimum 4 times per day). 2. Tack application rate (minimum 4 times per day). 3. Bituminous concrete temperatures (minimum 4 times per day). 4. Bituminous concrete thickness (minimum 4 times per day using depth probe after

initial breakdown rolling). 5. Average tack application rate based on yield calculation using applicator weights

and measured surface area 1.5 DELIVERY STORAGE AND HANDLING A. Label, handle and store product, ASTM D 4873. B. Prevent mud, wet concrete, epoxy or other deleterious materials from coming in contact

with and affixing to in-place geogrid and geocomposite materials. C. Protect product as recommended by the manufacturer. This may include protection

from ultraviolet light, moisture, high or low temperatures, or roll orientation during storage.

D. Cover product within 14 days of deployment. 1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Pre-Placement Conference: Arrange a conference at least 48 hours prior to installation

of geogrid or geocomposite. Attendees are ENGINEER, Inspector, Supplier, and installer. Discuss installation and inspection procedures and the following.

1. Location 2. Overlap. 3. Tensioning (if required). 4. Construction equipment and installation practices.

Geogrids and Geocomposites

31 05 21 - 3

5. Critical items that can affect design criteria or warranty. B. Supplier or Manufacturer: 1. For embankment installations and mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) structures

provide at least two (2) days of on-site supervision and technical assistance. 2. For roadway projects, provide one (1) day's on-site assistance. 1.7 ACCEPTANCE A. Pavement Subgrade: Geogrid equivelence for subgrade stabilization should be

determined based on the Giroud-Han method (article 1.2 this section). B. Roadway Structures: Geogrids utilized as part of the pavement structure should be

reviewed based on AASHTO R50-09. C. MSE Structures: If CONTRACTOR requests substituting a rectangular or square

geogrid for a triagular geogrid, CONTRACTOR must show the structural benefit and stability of a rectangular or square geogrid is equivalent to or better than the triangular geogrid. As a minimum the following conditions must be met.

1. For large aggregate geogrids (LAG) the aperture pitch is between 1.7 and 2.2 inches.

2. For small aggregate geogrids (SAG) the aperture pitch is between 0.5 and 0.9 inches.

1.8 WARRANTY A. Manufacturer or Supplier: Warrant product to meet the specifications. B. Installer: Warrant workmanship for two (2) years.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 GEOGRIDS AND GEOCOMPOSITES - GENERAL A. Synthetic fiber at least 85 percent by weight of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester,

polyvinyl alcohol, fiberglass, modified polymer, or polyamide. B. Resistant to chemical attack, rot and mildew, EPA 9090. C. No tears or defects that will adversely alter properties of product. 2.2 GEOGRID FOR ROADWAY SUBGRADE OR BASE COURSE A. Base course geogrid (BCG) is used for gradations of aggregate where the median of the

aggregate size (D50) is between 0.75-inches and 1.25-inches. B. Large aggregate geogrid (LAG) is used where D50 is greater than 1.25-inches. C. Small aggregate geogrid (SAG) is used where D50 is less than 0.75-inches.

Geogrids and Geocomposites

31 05 21 - 4

Table 1 – Subgrade and Base Course Geogrid

Property Standard MARV BCG (e) LAG (f) SAG (g)

Rib shape UV resistance at 500 hours, percent D4355 70 70 70 70 70 70

Chemical resistance, percent EPA 9090 100 100 100 100 100 100 Junction efficiency, percent D7737 90 90 90 90 90 90 Ribs per junction Observed 4 6 6 6 6 6 Aperture pitch, in. Measured 1.0–1.3(a) 1.6 (b) 2.4 (b) 2.4 (b) 1.3 (b) 1.3 (b) Radial stiffness at 0.5% strain , lb/ft (c) D6637 -- 15,400 23,900 23,900 13,700 13,700

Isotropic stiffness ratio (d) D6637 -- .6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Torsional rigidity at 20 kg.cm, m-N/deg GG9 6.5 -- -- -- -- --

Flexural rigidity (mg-cm) D7748 750,000 -- -- -- -- -- Tensile strength at 2% Strain (lb/ft) D6637 400 x 600 -- -- -- -- --

Ultimate tensile strength (lb/ft) D6637 1300 x 1900 -- -- -- -- -- NOTES (a) Machine and cross machine direction (b) Determined by measuring the spacing between sets of parallel ribs in any direction. (c) ASTM D6637 Method B with a 2 aperture gage length tested in all “rib” and “mid-rib” directions.

The radial stiffness is computed as the minimum measured modulus at 0.5 percent strain for each direction.

(d) Minimum measured radial stiffness at 0.5 percent strain divided by the maximum measured radial stiffness at 0.5 percent strain.

2.3 GEOGRID AND GEOCOMPOSITE FOR ROADWAY PAVEMENT A. Placement is between bituminous pavement layers. Do not use with less than 2-inches

of bituminous concrete cover. B. Polyester geocomposite (PGC) is composed of a high modulus polyester geogrid

bonded to a lightweight non-woven fabric. C. Fiberglass geogrid (FG) is composed of a fiberglass geogrid coated with an elastomeric

polymer. D. Fiberglass geocomposite with a tack film (FGT) is composed of a fiberglass geogrid

coated with an elastomeric polymer and bonded to a 100% polymer tack film. Table 2 – Roadway Pavement Geogrids and Geocomposites

Property Standard MARV

PGC FG FGT Opening size, in. Measured 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 Ultimate tensile strength, lb/ft D 6637 3425 x 3425 6720 x 6720 6720 x 6720 Minimum tensile strength at 2% strain, lb/ft D 6637 -- 4704 x 4704 4704 x 4704 Tensile strength at 3% strain, lb/ft D 6637 825 x 825 6720 x 6720 6720 x 6720 Melting point (geogrid), deg F D 276 490 430 430 Softening point (geotextile), deg F – 220 -- -- Softening point (tack film), deg F -- -- -- 285

Adhesive Backing -- -- Pressure Sensitive

Pressure Sensitive

Geogrids and Geocomposites

31 05 21 - 5

2.4 GEOGRID FOR EMBANKMENTS A. For environments tested in accordance with AASHTO T-289, (FHWA-NHI-09-085): 1. Polypropylene (PP) can be used where pH is 3 or greater. Do not use when pH is

below 3. 2. High density polyethylene (HDPE) can be used bhere pH is 3 to 9. Do not use

when pH is below 3 or above 9. 3. Where pH is 3 to 9, high molecular weight (Mn) and low carboxyl end group

concentration (CEG) polyester products can be used. Do not use when pH is below 3 or above 9.

B. Geogrid properties for earth slope and retaining wall reinforcement as follows.

Table 3 – Embankment Geogrid

Property Standard MARV

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Ultimate strength, lb/ft D 6637 1500 4000 9000 Long term allowable design strength, lb/ft (a) 450 1700 3600

Resistance to UV degradation, percent minimum D 4355 95 95 95

Resistance to Long Term Degradation, percent minimum EPA 9090 100 100 100

NOTES (a) Long term allowable design strength is calculated by dividing the

ultimate tensile strength by the product of the reduction factors for creep, installation damage and degradation for the design period. Values used for these reduction factors must be based on testing outlined by FHWA-NHI-09-087.

2.5 CLAMPS, TAPE, RUBBER PADS A. Recommended by Supplier. 2.6 TACK COAT A. Recommended by geocomposite Supplier. 2.7 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL A. Sample geogrids and geocomposites using ASTM D 4354 standard practices. B. Verify specification conformance, ASTM D 4759.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION A. Instruct workers about protecting product of this Section. B. Repair damage to subgrade surface before installation. C. Round edges of excavation and grade changes.

Geogrids and Geocomposites

31 05 21 - 6

3.2 GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT FOR GRANULAR BASE A. Deploy each geogrid panel per manufacturer’s recommendations. B. Install panels so overlapping panel is upgrade of the underlying panel. Ties or stakes

can be used to maintain overlaps. Overlap as follows. Soil Recommended CBR Rating Overlap 2 + 1.0 foot 1 – 2 2.0 feet less than 1 3.0 feet C. Do not bend or fold panels past 90 degrees without a minimum of 6 inches of material

between bent or folded layers. D. At least six (6) inches of fill cover is required if tracked vehicles are operated over

geogrid. E. Wheeled traffic may operate over polypropylene products if subgrade supports

equipment without deforming and damage is repaired. 3.3 GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT FOR ROADWAY PAVEMENTS A. Preparation: 1. Clean surface of bituminou concrete base course. 2. Seal cracks wider than 1/8 inch, Section 32 01 17. Repair larger cracks, potholes,

depressions, and irregularities. 3. Place bituminous concrete leveling course if required. B. Spray on tack coat uniformly at 0.08 - 010 gal-yd2. C. Place geogrid per manufactures recommendations. D. Overlap geogrid in a shingle fashion on tack coat in the direction of overlay placement.

Overlap geogrid edges and ends six (6) inches minimum, unless required otherwise by Supplier.

3.4 SOIL REINFORCEMENT A. Compact embankment subgrade. B. Place geogrids or geocomposites in embankments at the locations and elevations shown

on the plans or as recommended by Supplier. C. Do not bend or fold panels past 90 degrees without a minimum of 6 inches of material

between bent or folded layers. D. Unless specified elsewhere, compact the fill to 95 percent or greater relative to a

modified proctor density.

END OF SECTION

Bituminous Concrete

32 12 05 - 1

SECTION 32 12 05 BITUMINOUS CONCRETE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES A. Composition of a bituminous concrete mix. 1.2 REFERENCES A. AASHTO Standards: M 323 Superpave Volumetric Mix Design, Single User Digital Publication. R 30 Mixture Conditioning of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA). T 324 Hamburg Wheel-Track Testing of Compacted Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA). B. AI Standards: MS 2 Mix Design Methods for Asphalt Concrete and Other Hot-Mix Types. C. ASTM Standards: C 29 Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate. C 88 Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium

Sulfate. C 117 Materials Finer Than 0.075mm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by

Washing. C 131 Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion

and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine. C 136 Standard Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregate. C 142 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates. D 75 Sampling Aggregates. D 140 Sampling Bituminous Materials. D 242 Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving Mixtures. D 979 Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures. D 995 Mixing Plants for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures. D 2041 Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity of Bituminous Paving Mixtures. D 2419 Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate. D 3203 Percent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and Open Bituminous Paving

Mixtures. D 3515 Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures. D 3665 Random Sampling of Construction Materials. D 3666 Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Bituminous

Paving Materials. D 4318 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils. D 4552 Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents. D 4791 Flat or Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate.

Bituminous Concrete

32 12 05 - 2

D 4867 Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures. D 5444 Mechanical Size Analysis of Extracted Aggregate. D 5821 Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate. D 6307 Determining Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt by Ignition Method. D 6373 Performance Graded Asphalt Binder. D 6927 Marshall Stability and Flow of Bituminous Mixtures. 1.3 DEFINITIONS A. Aggregate-Binder-Compaction Mix Designator: An alphanumeric code used to

identify composition of a bituminous concrete mix. For example. x SP-1, PG70-28, 75Nd. SP-1 is the aggregate grade. PG70-28 is a performance

graded asphalt binder. 75Nd is the compaction level at design. x SP-3/4, OS/PG, 75Nd: SP-3/4 is the aggregate grade. OS/PG is a Blended Binder.

75Nd is the compaction level at design. x DM-1/2, PG64-22, 50 blow: DM-1/2 is the aggregate grade. PG64-22 is a

performance graded asphalt binder. 50 blow is the compaction level at design. x DM-3/4, OG/PG, 50 blow: DM-3/4 is the aggregate grade. OS/PG is a Blended

Binder. 50 blow is the compaction level at design. B. Bituminous Binder: A bitumen cement that is refined or manufactured, natural, or

blended. 1. Asphalt Binder: A refined or manufactured bitumen cement known as performance

graded asphalt binder (PG or PGAB) whether virgin or contained in RAP. 2. Bitumen Binder: A natural bitumen cement contained in an Oil Sand (OS) or

contained in a ROSP. 3. Blended Binder: A mixture of Asphalt Binder and Bitumen Binder. C. Mean of Deviations: Defined in Section 32 11 23. D. Nominal Maximum Size: One sieve size larger than first sieve size retaining more

than 10 percent of the sample. One hundred percent of the aggregate might be able to pass through the nominal maximum size sieve but not more than 10 percent will be retained on that sieve. The maximum size will be one (1) sieve size larger than the nominal maximum size.

E. Oil Sand (OS): Naturally occurring sediments or sedimentary rock containing gravel, sand, clay, water and bitumen cement.

F. RAP (acronym for reclaimed asphalt pavement): A granular product recovered from a bituminous pavement containing aggregate and an Asphalt Binder.

G. ROSP (acronym for reclaimed Oil Sand pavement): A granular product recovered from a bituminous pavement containing an aggregate and a Bitumen Binder.

H. Road Category I: Includes maintenance mixes, bike paths. I. Road Category II: Includes non-industrial parking lots, low volume collectors,

residential streets. J. Road Category III: Includes high volume collectors, arterials, industrial parking lots

(primary load from 3-axle or greater vehicles).

Bituminous Concrete

32 12 05 - 3

1.4 SUBMITTALS A. General: 1. Allow ENGINEER 10 days to evaluate mixing equipment and mix design

submittals. 2. Once a mix design is accepted, a new mix design submittal is required if the

following occurs. a. Asphalt Binder grade is changed. b. Aggregate source is changed. When this occurs, submit a physical properties

report on the proposed aggregates. B. Independent Laboratory: Submit names, certification levels, and years of experience

of testing agency’s field technicians that are assigned to the Work. Verify laboratory complies with ASTM D 3666.

C. Mix Production Equipment: Submit verification by an individual acceptable to ENGINEER, that plant equipment complies with requirements of ASTM D 995.

D. Mix Design: Submit the following. 1. Date of mix design. If the date exceeds the following times, the mix design is

invalid and must be redesigned. a. One (1) year for non-commercial plants. b. Two (2) years for commercial plants if there is no change in the aggregate

source. A new mix design will be required if aggregate source is changed. 2. Binder source, type, and grade. Disclose if RAP or ROSP is used in the mix. 3. Optimum compaction temperature at the project site. 4. Theoretical maximum specific gravity. 5. Compaction density at design target air voids. 6. Target Grading Curve for aggregate. 7. Binder target percentage, dust to binder ratio, and the following as applicable. a. For Marshall mix design provide (1) tensile strength ratio (moisture

sensitivity), (2) voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA), (3) stability, (4) flow, (5) voids in the bituminous mix, and (6) voids filled with Bituminous Binder also known as (VFA).

b. For Superpave mix design provide (1) voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA), (2) voids filled with Bituminous Binder also known as (VFA), and (3) Hamburg Wheel Tracker results.

8. Percentages of (1) mineral filler, (2) anti-strip, (3) reclaimed bituminous pavement (RAP or ROSP), (4) recycle agent in the mix, and (5) virgin aggregate.

9. Aggregate physical properties (this section article 2.2). The information is for suitability of source and not for project control. A new report may be required if aggregate source is changed. Test results shall not be older than two (2) calendar years from the date of submission.

E Pre-approved Mix Design: Submit name and address of Supplier. F. Testing Report: If requested by ENGINEER, submit a report of source and field

quality control testing performed by CONTRACTOR and Suppliers.

Bituminous Concrete

32 12 05 - 4

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Use a laboratory that complies with ASTM D 3666 and follows Section 01 45 00

requirements. B. Do not change aggregate source or binder grade until ENGINEER accepts new source

and mix design. 1.6 ACCEPTANCE A. General: 1. Acceptance is by Lot. One (1) Lot is one (1) day production. 2. If non-complying material has been installed and no price for the material is

specified, apply pay adjustment against cost of work requiring material as part of its installation, Section 01 29 00.

3. If test results are not within this section’s limits, options include correction of production procedures or production of an alternate mix design acceptable to ENGINEER.

4. Observation of CONTRACTOR’s field quality control testing does not constitute acceptance. Such testing; however, may be used by ENGINEER for acceptance if requirements in Section 01 35 10 are met.

5. Dispute resolution, Section 01 35 10. B. Mix: Sampling and testing. 1. Sub-lot size is 500 tons or part thereof. 2. Sampling Protocol: ASTM D 3665 and ASTM D 979. Collect at least one (1)

random Sample per sub-lot from behind paver and before compaction. Any sample collected because of non-uniform appearance shall not be used in determining a pay factor for the Lot.

3. Testing Protocol: Field samples will be compacted in the laboratory and tested for: a. Air voids, ASTM D 3203. b. Voids in the mineral aggregate, AI MS 2. c. Binder content, ASTM D 6307 d. Aggregate gradation, ASTM D 5444. C. Pay Reduction: Lot is acceptable if binder content and aggregate gradation test

deviations are within pay factor 1.00 limits in Table 1 or Table 2 as applicable. At ENGINEER’s discretion a Lot with a sub-lot test deviation greater than pay factor 0.85 limits may stay in place at 50 percent pay.

Bituminous Concrete

32 12 05 - 5

Table 1 – Pay Factors – Marshall Mix Design

Criteria Pay Factor

Range of Mean of Deviations of Tests Results from the Binder and Gradation Targets in Percentage Points

500 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,500 Tons

2,000 Tons

t2,500 Tons

Binder Content

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.00–0.70 0.71–0.80 0.81–0.90 0.91–1.00 1.01–1.10

0.00–0.54 0.55–0.61 0.62–0.68 0.69–0.75 0.76–0.82

0.00–0.46 0.47–0.52 0.53–0.58 0.59–0.64 0.65–0.69

0.00–0.41 0.42–0.46 0.47–0.52 0.53–0.56 0.57–0.61

0.00–0.38 0.39–0.43 0.44–0.47 0.48–0.52 0.53–0.56

1/2"and larger Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0–10.9 11.0–12.9 13.0–13.9 14.0–14.9 15.0–16.0

0.0–7.3 7.4–8.3 8.4–9.3

9.4– 10.3 10.4–11.3

0.0–6.5 6.4–7.1 7.2–7.9 8.0–8.7 8.8–9.5

0.0–5.6 5.7–6.3 6.4–7.0 7.1–7.7 7.8–8.4

0.0–5.2 5.3–5.8 5.9–6.4 6.5–7.1 7.2–7.7

3/8" Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0–9.9 10.0–10.9 11.0–11.9 12.0–13.9 14.0–15.0

0.0–6.9 7.0–7.8 7.9–8.7 8.8–9.6 9.7–10.5

0.0–5.9 6.0–6.6 6.7–7.3 7.4–8.0 8.1–8.9

0.0–5.3 5.4–6.9 6.0–6.6 6.7–7.2 7.3–7.9

0.0–4.9 5.0–5.5 5.6–6.1 6.2–6.6 6.7–7.2

No. 4 Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0–9.9 10.0–11.0 11.1–11.9 12.0–12.9 13.0-14.0

0.0–6.7 6.8–7.6 7.7–8.5 8.6–9.4 9.5–10.2

0.0–5.7 5.8–6.3 6.4–6.9 7.0–7.5 7.6–8.0

0.0–5.2 5.3–5.8 5.9–6.4 6.5–7.0 7.1–7.6

0.0–4.8 4.9–5.4 5.5–5.9 6.0–6.5 6.6–7.0

No. 8 Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0–7.9 8.0–8.9 9.0–9.9

10.0–10.9 11.0–12.0

0.0–5.6 5.7–6.3 6.4–7.0 7.1–7.7 7.8–8.5

0.0–4.8 4.9–5.4 5.5–6.0 6.1–6.6 6.7–7.2

0.0–4.3 4.4–4.8 4.9–5.3 5.4–5.8 5.9–6.4

0.0–4.0 4.1–4.5 4.6–4.9 5.0–5.4 5.5–5.8

No. 16 Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0–7.9 8.0–8.9 9.0–9.9

10.0–10.9 11.0–12.0

0.0–5.2 5.3–5.8 5.9–6.4 6.5–7.0 7.1–7.6

0.0–4.6 4.7–5.1 5.2–5.6 5.7–6.1 6.2–6.6

0.0–4.2 4.3–4.6 4.7–5.1 5.2–5.5 5.6–5.9

0.0–3.9 4.0–4.3 4.4–4.7 4.8–5.1 5.2–5.4

No. 50 Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0–6.9 7.0–7.9 8.0–8.9 9.0–9.9

10.0–11.0

0.0–4.3 4.4–4.8 4.9–5.3 5.4–5.8 5.9–6.4

0.0–3.8 3.9–4.1 4.2–4.5 4.6–4.9 5.0–5.5

0.0–3.4 3.5–3.8 3.9–4.1 4.2–4.4 4.5–4.9

0.0–3.2 3.3–3.5 3.6–3.8 3.9–4.1 4.2–4.5

No. 200 Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0–3.0 3.1–3.5 3.6–4.0 4.1–4.5 4.6–5.0

0.0–2.4 2.5–2.7 2.8–3.0 3.1–3.3 3.4–3.6

0.0–2.0 2.1–2.2 2.3–2.4 2.5–2.7 2.8–3.0

0.0–1.8 1.9–2.0 2.1–2.2 2.3–2.4 2.5–2.6

0.0–1.7 1.8–1.9 2.0–2.1 2.2–2.3 2.4–2.5

NOTES (a) Test binder content using a burn-off oven, ASTM D 6307. (b) Determine aggregate gradation by extraction, ASTM D 5444.

Bituminous Concrete

32 12 05 - 6

Table 2 – Pay Factors - Superpave Mix Design

Criteria Pay Factor

Range of Mean of Deviations of Tests Results in Percentage Points from Binder and Gradation

Targets 500 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,500 Tons t 2,000 Tons

Binder Content

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0 – 0.7 0.71 – 0.8 0.81 – 0.9 0.9 – 1.0 1.01 – 1.1

0.0 – 0.54 0.55 – 0.61 0.62 – 0.68 0.69 – 0.75 0.76 – 0.82

0.0 – 0.46 0.47 – 0.52 0.53 – 0.58 0.59 – 0.64 0.65 – 0.69

0.0 – 0.41 0.42 – 0.46 0.47 – 0.52 0.53 – 0.56 0.57 – 0.61

1/2" and larger Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0 – 10.0 11.0 – 12.0 13.0 – 13.9 14.0 – 14.9 15.0 – 16.0

0.0 – 7.3 7.4 – 8.3 8.4 – 9.3 9.4 – 10.3

10.4 – 11.3

0.0 – 6.3 6.4 – 7.1 7.2 – 7.9 8.0 – 8.7 8.8 – 9.5

0.0 – 0.56 5.7 – 6.3 6.4 – 7.0 7.1 – 7.7 7.8 – 8.4

3/8" Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0 – 9.9 10.0 – 10.9 11.0 – 11.9 12.0 – 13.9 14.0 – 15.0

0.0 – 6.9 7.0 – 7.8 7.9 – 8.7 8.8 – 9.6 9.7 – 10.5

0.0 – 5.9 6.0 – 6.6 6.7 – 7.3 7.4 – 8.0 8.1 – 8.9

0.0 – 5.3 5.4 – 5.9 6.0 – 6.6 6.7 – 7.2 7.3 – 7.9

No.4 Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0 – 9.9 10.0 – 10.9 11.0 – 11.9 12.0 – 12.9 13.0 – 14.0

0.0 – 6.7 6.8 – 7.6 7.7 – 8.5 8.6 – 9.4 9.5 – 10.2

0.0 – 5.7 5.8 – 6.3 6.4 – 6.9 7.0 – 7.5 7.6 – 8.0

0.0 – 5.2 5.3 – 5.8 5.9 – 6.4 6.5 – 7.0 7.1 – 7.6

No. 8 Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0 – 7.9 8.0 – 8.9 9.0 – 9.9

10.0 – 10.9 11.0 – 12.0

0.0 – 5.6 5.7 – 6.3 6.4 – 7.0 7.1 – 7.7 7.8 – 8.5

0.0 – 4.8 4.9 – 5.4 5.5 – 6.0 6.1 – 6.6 6.7 – 7.2

0.0 – 4.3 4.4 – 4.8 4.9 – 5.3 5.4 – 5.8 5.9 – 6.4

No. 200 Sieve

1.00 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.85

0.0 – 3.0 3.1 – 3.5 3.6 – 4.0 4.1 – 4.5 4.6 – 5.0

0.0-2.4 2.5 – 2.7 2.8 – 3.0 3.1 – 3.3 3.4 – 3.6

0.0 – 2.0 2.1 – 2.2 2.3 – 2.4 2.5 – 2.7 2.8 – 3.0

0.0 – 1.8 1.9 – 2.0 2.1 – 2.2 2.3 – 2.4 2.5 – 2.6

NOTES (a) Test binder content using a burn-off oven, ASTM D 6307. (b) Determine aggregate gradation by extraction, ASTM D 5444.

D. Installation: Acceptance requirements are stipulated in Section 32 12 16.13.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 BINDER A. Performance Graded Asphalt Binder (PGAB), ASTM D 6373: 1. Blending with polymers is allowed.

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32 12 05 - 7

2. Do not use acid blends without documentation supporting need. 3. Adjust binder grade according to AASHTO M 323 to account for any binder

stiffness caused by adding RAP or ROSP to the mix. B. Bitumen Binder. Oil Sand (OS) source is CONTRACTOR’s choice. C. Blended Binder: CONTRACTOR’s choice. A blended ratio of Asphalt Binder to

Bitumen Binder in the range of about 1:4 to about 4:1 may require patent licensure (Reference: US RE39,289 E). CONTRACTOR to verify.

2.2 AGGREGATE A. Crushed, composed of stone, gravel, slag, sand, or combination. B. Use Table 3 to determine suitability of aggregate source.

Table 3 – Aggregate Physical Properties

Property Standard Road Category I&II III

Coarse Aggregate Angularity, percent, minimum

One Fractured face D 5821 90 95 Two Fractured faces 90 90

Wear (hardness or toughness), percent, maximum C 131 35 35 Flats or elongates (3:1 length to width), percent, maximum D 4791 -- 20

Fine Aggregate Angularity (uncompacted void content), percent, minimum T 304 40 45

Sand equivalent, percent, minimum D 2419 45 60 Plastic limit, maximum D 4318 0 0 Blended Physical Properties Dry-rodded Unit Weight, lb/ft3, minimum C 29 75 75 Weight Loss (Soundness), percent, maximum C 88 16 16 Friable particles, percent, maximum C 142 2 2 NOTES (a) Course aggregate does not pass No. 4 sieve. Fine aggregate passes. (b) Angularity by weight. (c) Wear of aggregate may have higher values if aggregate source is known to

have higher values. (d) Sand equivalent is waived for RAP or ROSP aggregate but applies to the

remainder of the aggregate blend. (e) Plastic limit, passing No. 40 sieve. Aggregate is non-plastic even when filler

material is added to the aggregate. (f) Weight loss, using sodium sulfate. (h) Friable particles are clay lumps, shale, wood, mica, coal passing the No. 4

sieve, and other deleterious materials. 2.3 ADDITIVES A. Mineral Filler: ASTM D 242. B. Recycle Agent: ASTM D 4552. C. Anti-strip Agent: Heat stable cement slurry, lime slurry, or chemical liquid.

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32 12 05 - 8

D. RAP or ROSP: Free of detrimental quantities of deleterious materials. 1. Allowed up to 15 percent by weight of RAP or binder, whichever is lesser, with no

change in specified binder grade. 2. Allowed from 15 to 30 percent by weight of RAP or binder, whichever is lesser, if

the binder grade is adjusted according to AASHTO M 323 to meet the specified binder grade.

3. Determine RAP binder content by chemical extraction. 2.4 MIX DESIGN A. Preparation: 1. Get the Aggregate-Binder-Compaction Mix Designator and the road category from

the OWNER, ENGINEER, or bid documents. 2. Use paragraph 1.4D to determine submittal requirements. B. Aggregate Gradation – Marshall Mix Design: The Target Grading Curve for the

specified aggregate grade must lie within the Master Grading Band limits of Table 4. The target grading band limits for the Target Grading Curve are the appropriate grading limits for pay factor 1.00 in Table 1. The target grading band limits are allowed to extend outside of the Master Grading Band limits.

Table 4 – Master Grading Band limits – Marshall Mix Design

Sieve Aggregate Grade DM-1 DM-3/4 DM-1/2 OM-1/2 FM-1 FM-1/2

1 inch 3/4 inch 1/2 inch 3/8 inch

No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 No. 50 No.200

100

75 – 91

47 – 61

23 – 33 12 – 22 3 – 7

100

14 - 99 69 – 91 49 – 65 33 - 47 21 – 35 6 – 18 2 – 6

100

60 – 80

28 – 42 11 – 23 3 – 7

100 93 – 100 36 – 44 14 – 21

2 – 4

100

90 –100 60 – 100 15 – 40 4 – 12

2 – 5

100 90 – 100 30 – 50 5 – 15

2 – 5

NOTES (a) Gradation is expressed in percent passing by weight, ASTM C 136.

Percentage of fines passing No. 200 sieve determined by washing, ASTM C 117.

(b) Friction Mixture, ASTM D 3515. (c) The alpha portion of the grade designator (DM, OM, FM) represents

dense mix, open mix and friction mix. The numerical portion ( 1, 3/4, 1/2) represents the maximum sieve size.

C. Aggregate Gradation – Superpave Mix Design: The Target Grading Curve for the

specified aggregate grade must lie within the Master Grading Band limits of Table 5. The target grading band limits for the Target Grading Curve are the appropriate grading limits for pay factor 1.00 in Table 2. The target grading band limits are allowed to extend outside of the Master Grading Band limits.

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32 12 05 - 9

Table 5 - Master Grading Bands - Superpave Mix Design

Sieve Grade

SP-1 SP-3/4 SP-1/2 SP-3/8 1.5 inch 1 inch

3/4 inch 1/2 inch 3/8 inch

No. 4 No. 8

No. 200

100.0 90.0 – 100.0

< 90 – – –

19.0 – 45.0 1.0 – 7.0

– 100.0

90.0 – 100.0 < 90

– –

23.0 – 49.0 2.0 – 8.0

– –

100.0 90.0 – 100.0

< 90 –

28.0 – 58.0 2.0 – 10.0

-- -- –

100.0 90.0 – 100.0

< 90 32.0 – 67.0 2.0 – 10.0

NOTES (a) Gradation is expressed in percent passing by weight, ASTM C 136.

Percentage of fines passing No. 200 sieve determined by washing, ASTM C 117.

(b) The alpha portion of the grade designator (SP) represents Superpave mix. The numerical portion ( 1, 3/4, 1/2, 3/8) represents the nominal maximum sieve size.

D. Design Parameters: Table 6, determined by AI MS 2.

Table 6 - Mix Design Parameters Criteria Marshall SuperPave

Mix Designator (a) 50 blow 75 blow 50Nd 75Nd 100Nd Compaction (blows) (b) 50 75 - Compaction (gyrations) - 50 75 100 Design Air Void Target, percent 3.5 3.5

Stability, lbs., minimum (d) 1200 1800 - Flow, in 0.01 inch units (d) 10 - 18 - Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), percent, minimum, relative to maximum or nominal sieve size grading and calculated using Gsb(dry)

ASTM D 6927 ASTM D 3203 Maximum Grading Nominal

Grading

1 13.0 1 12.0 3/4 14.0 3/4 13.0 1/2 15.0 1/2 14.0 3/8 16.5 3/8 15.0

RAP or ROSP specific gravity for calculations Gsb (dry) by chemical extraction

Dust to Binder Ratio, maximum 1.6 1.4 Tensile Strength Ratio (moisture sensitivity), minimum (e)

0.80 -

Rutting (Hamburg rut test) (f) AASHTO T 324 Road Category I - - - Road Category II - - 15 mm/10,000 passes Road Category III - - 10 mm/20,000 passes

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32 12 05 - 10

NOTES (a) 100Nd mix is for very high traffic applications only as defined by

ENGINEER. 100Nd mix is intended for lower lift applications or surface applications with proactive seal coat program.

(b) Number of compaction blows each end of specimen. (c) Design Density Target: ASTM D 2041. Percent of maximum

theoretical specific gravity (d) Stability, Flow, Voids: ASTM D 6927. (e) Tensile Strength Ratio (moisture sensitivity): ASTM D 4867. Use

freeze thaw conditioning. Compact test specimen to seven (7) percent plus or minus one (1) percent air voids.

(f) With testing performed at temperatures representing the specified binder grade in the Hamburg rut test, the average rut depth of two (2) mix design test Samples is less than the amount shown for the respective road categories.

2.5 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL A. Collect Samples randomly, ASTM D 3665. Do not change sampling points: 1. Sampling aggregate, ASTM D 75. Collect samples before the drum mixer. 2. Sampling binder, ASTM D 140. 3. Sampling bituminous paving mixture, ASTM D 979. B. Validate binder grade received from Supplier, Section 32 12 03. C. Test mix every production day for the following: 1. Combined aggregate gradation in the mix, ASTM D 5444. 2. Binder content in the mix, ASTM D 6307. 3. Temperature of mix placed in the transport vehicle at the production plant. a. Asphalt Binder mixes. 1) Hot Mix: 325 deg F maximum. 2) Warm Mix: 325 deg F maximum. b. Bitumen Binder mixes or Blended Binder mixes. 1) Hot Mix: NOT ALLOWED. 2) Warm Mix: 230 degrees maximum. D. Warm Mix Testing: When rutting or moisture susceptibility tests are required on plant

produced warm mix, condition the warm mix material before testing for two (2) hours at 275 plus or minus five (5) deg F per AASHTO R 30 (short term aging). The material may be cooled to room temperature before conditioning.

Bituminous Concrete

32 12 05 - 11

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT A. Mixing Plant: ASTM D 995. Provide. 1. Positive means to determine the moisture content of aggregate. 2. Positive means to sample all material components. 3. Sensors to measure the temperature of the mix at discharge. 4. Ability to maintain discharge temperature of mix. 5. Capability of maintaining plus or minus five (5) percent tolerance on component

percentages in final mix. 6. Oil Sand Introduction System: Do not burn off the light oils in the Oil Sand

Bitumen Binder. 3.2 INSTALLATION A. Paving, Section 32 12 16.13. B. Patches, Section 33 05 25.

END OF SECTION

Polypropylene Pipe

33 05 11 - 1

SECTION 33 05 11 POLYPROPYLENE PIPE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES A. Polypropylene (PP) pipe, fittings, joint requirements, and installation. 1.2 REFERENCES A. AASHTO Standards: M 330 Polypropylene Pipe, 300- to 1500-mm (12- to 60-in.) Diameter. NTPEP National Transportation Product Evaluation Program. B. ASTM Standards: D 2321 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other

Gravity Flow Applications. D 2774 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping. D 3212 Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric

Seals. F 477 Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe. F 2389 Pressure-rated Polypropylene (PP) Piping Systems. F 2736 6 to 30 in. Polypropylene (PP) Corrugated Single Wall Pipe and Double

Wall Pipe. F 2764 30 to 60 in. Polypropylene (PP) Triple Wall Pipe and Fittings for Non-

Pressure Sanitary Sewer Applications. F 2881 12 to 60 in. Polypropylene Dual Wall Pipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure

Storm Sewer Applications. 1.3 DEFINITIONS A. Corrugated Wall PP Pipe Classifications: Classified as follows. Types S and D have

either annular or helical corrugations (or ribs).

Type C

Type S

Polypropylene Pipe

33 05 11 - 2

Type D B. Porous Corrugated Wall PP Pipe Classification: Classified as follows. 1. Type CP - This is Type C pipe with perforations. 2. Type SP - This is Type S pipe with perforations. 1.4 SUBMITTALS A. Certificate showing product compliance per AASHTO NTPEP.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 PIPE A. General: Pressurized and non-pressurized pipe may be required in a PP pipe system.

ENGINEER to select if not specified elsewhere. B. Sanitary Sewer Pipe: 1. Type S (corrugated single wall) per ASTM F 2736 (6-30") or 2. Type D (corrugated double wall) per ASTM F 2764 (30-60"). C. Storm Drain Pipe: Type S per ASTM F 2881 (12-60"). D. Under Drain Pipe: Type C, S, CP, or SP. Type CP and SP have Class 1 or Class 2

perforations indicated in AASHTO M 330. Provide Class 2 perforations if not indicated elsewhere. Class 1 perforations are for pipe intended to be used for under drains or combination under drain and storm drain. Class 2 perforations are for pipe intended to be used for under drains.

E. Pressurized Pipe: 1. Solid smooth wall, ASTM F 2389. 2. Working pressure rating indicated or accepted by ENGINEER. 3. Minimum exterior markings as follows. a. ASTM Standard Number. b. Pipe Size. c. Production Code. 2.2 JOINTS A. General: Provide joints with a working pressure at least equal to or greater than the

pipe's working pressure and acceptable to ENGINEER. B. Storm Drain and Sanitary Sewer Joints: Bell and spigot meeting ASTM D 3212 with

gasket that complies with ASTM F 477. Other joining methods such as external snap couplers, split couplers, solvent welding, etc. must meet performance requirements

Polypropylene Pipe

33 05 11 - 3

herein, manufacturer's recommendations, and ENGINEER's review. 1. When using bell retaining bands, use corrosive resistant materials such as fiberglass

or stainless steel. 2. Foam type weather stripping not allowed. B. Under Drain Joints: If not water tight, wrap with geotextile and tape to prevent detritus

entry. C. Pressurized Joints: ASTM F 2389. 2.3 FITTINGS A. Supplied or recommended by pipe manufacturer. B. Structural and pressure performance same as pipe or greater. C. Vacuum test certified by manufacturer. 2.4 VALVES, MANIFOLDS, ETC. A. ASTM F 2389.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION A. Assembly: Abide by manufacturer's instructions and the following. 1. Pressurized Systems: a. Water distribution and transmission, Section 33 11 00. b. Underground irrigation, Section 32 84 23. 2. Gravity Systems: a. Sanitary sewers, Section 33 31 00. b. Under drains and storm drains, Section 33 41 00. B. Burial: Comply with Section 33 05 20 and the following. 1. ASTM D 2774 for pressure systems. 2. ASTM D 2321 for gravity systems.

END OF SECTION

Commissioning of Water Utilities

33 08 00 - 1

SECTION 33 08 00 COMMISSIONING OF WATER UTILITES

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES A. Tests to be performed for commissioning pressurized and non-pressurized water piping

systems. B. Warning: DO NOT use hydrostatic pressures for air-pressure testing. 1.2 REFERENCES A. ASTM Standards. C 497 Testing Concrete Pipe, Sections, or Tile C 969 Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast

Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines C 1103 Joint Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines C 1214 Test Method for Concrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure

(Vacuum) F 1417 Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-

Pressure Air F 2497 Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of Installed Corrugated

High Density Polyethylene Pipelines B. NASSCO Standards PACP Pipe Condition Assessment Using CCTV. 1.3 DEFINITIONS A. CCTV: Acronym for closed-circuit television. B. Leakage: The quantity of water required to maintain specified hydrostatic test pressure

after pipeline has been filled with water and air expelled. C. PACP: Acronym for pipeline assessment certification program. This program is

provided by the National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO). 1.4 SUBMITTALS A. CCTV Report: Include the following. 1. CCTV personnel are NASSCO PACP certified. 2. NASSCO PACP certified database and electronic worksheets accompany all

progress inspection work. 3. All ENGINEER and NASSCO PACP required header information must be fully

and accurately entered on all CCTV reports. 4. Corrections to punch list items are submitted in report form prior to final payment. B. Commissioning Test Report: Use the commissioning test schedule (article 3.10) which

identifies tests to be performed for commissioning potable and non-potable water piping systems. For each test performed, submit the following information as applicable.

1. Type of test.

Commissioning of Water Utilities

33 08 00 - 2

2. Project number and date of the report. 3. Size, type, location and length of pipe in test section. 4. Test pressure and time. 5. Written and still image documentation of locations where deflection deviations,

joint gaps, pipe damage, and any other deficiencies are observed. 6. Statement of whether mandrel was or was not able to pass. 7. Amount of leakage versus allowable. 8. Date of test approval. 9. Signature of test supervisor. 10. Signature of Resident Project Representative witnessing the test. 1.5 PROJECT CONDITIONS A. CCTV (Closed-circuit Television): Run water through gravity system prior to video

inspection. Conduct inspection prior to installation of paved surfaces. ENGINEER to be present during video inspection.

1. Record vertical and horizontal deviations, crack width, joint gaps, and pipe damage.

2. Video the entire circumference at each joint. Zoom where necessary. 3. Video image must be clear, continuously illuminated, focused, free from roll, static,

or other image distortion qualities. 4. Identify the date, pipe reach, slope, upstream and downstream manhole numbers,

and manhole to manhole footage. 5. Provide video inspection log as a computerized data report with a map of the

system inspected with appropriate identification labels and still images of defects discovered in the video.

6. Repeat unsatisfactory inspections at no additional cost to OWNER. B. Manual inspections are to be done by ENGINEER. 1.6 WARRANTY A. At the end of the one year correction period repeat any test requested by ENGINEER to

verify warranty of pipeline performance. B. OWNER will pay for the cost of additional test inspections if pipe meets criteria in this

section.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 TESTING MATERIALS A. Medium: Water, air.

PART 3 EXECUTION

Commissioning of Water Utilities

33 08 00 - 3

3.1 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT A. Leakage Recording Equipment: 1. Supply all equipment and power to perform leakage testing. 2. Secure approval of pressure and vacuum gages. 3. Locate all gages and recording equipment away from affect of sunshine or

unsuitable weather conditions. 4. Place, vents, taps and drains for the test. Repair pipeline at completion of test at no

additional cost to OWNER. B. Closed-circuit Television (CCTV): 1. Video operator is currently NASSCO PACP certified. 2. Camera is to be crawler mounted meeting the following. a. Head is in the pipe diameter center with lighting sufficient to produce a clear

picture of the entire periphery of the pipe. b. Pan and tilt to a 90 degree angle with the axis of the pipe. c. Rotate 360 degrees. d. Crawl at a speed no greater than 30 ft/minute. C. Mandrel: 1. Diameter whether it is fixed or variable size must be verified with a proving ring or

other method according to manufacturer's guideline. 2. Contains at least nine equally spaced runners. 3. Length not less than the diameter. 4. Pulled through pipe. 5. Recommend an alternate method of measurement if mandrel testing would cause

damage to internal pipe coating. 3.2 PREPARATION A. Notify ENGINEER 48 hours in advance of test. B. Carry out selected tests as pipeline construction progresses to ensure construction

methods are producing satisfactory results. C. Remove debris, sediment and other material from installed pipe before testing. Do not

discharge or flush sand, gravel, concrete, debris or other foreign material into any existing pipeline system. Flushing with clean water only will be allowed but with minimal flows to eliminate exceeding capacities of the existing gravity systems. Flushing into existing pressurized water systems is NOT ALLOWED.

3.3 GRADE AND LIGNMENT A. Tolerances are as follows.

Table 1 - Grade and Alignment

Design Grade Tolerances Grade Alignment

Greater than 1% 1/2 inch in 10 feet 1" from true line 0.5 to 1% 1/4 inch in 10 feet 1" from true line

Less than 0.5% 1/4 inch in 100 feet 1" from true line NOTES (a) Grade does not result in a level or reverse sloping invert.

Commissioning of Water Utilities

33 08 00 - 4

Standing water is evidence of non-compliance. (b) For culverts, increase tolerances by 50 percent.

3.4 JOINT TESTS A. Gap: Evaluate each pipe joint with a gap exceeding allowance in Table 2 and

recommend appropriate action according to manufacturer's recommendations. Table 2 - Joint Gap

Pipe Diameter, inches Allowance, maximum Less than 12 (a)

12 - 36 0.75 inch 42 - 48 1.00 inch 54 - 90 1.25 inches

96 - 144 1.75 inches NOTES (a) In pipes less than 12 inches diameter, allowable

separation is equal to or less than amount permitted by manufacturer.

B. Invert Elevation: Variation in invert elevation where pipe sections join shall not exceed 1/64 inch per inch of pipe diameter, or 1/4 inch maximum.

3.5 INFILTRATION TEST A. General: 200 gallons per inch, per mile, per day (EPA's standard for sanitary sewers is

specified). If the ground water table is less than two (2) feet above the crown of the pipe the infiltration test is not required.

B. Concrete Pipe: ASTM C 969. C. Plastic Pipe: ASTM F 2497. 3.6 EXFILTRATION TEST A. General: Air test or hydrostatic test is CONTRACTOR's choice. B. Air Test: 1. Plastic Pipe: ASTM F 1417. a. For pipe up to 30 inches diameter, pressure drop is 0.5 psi. b. For pipe larger than 30 inches diameter, isolated joint test is 3.5 psi. Maximum

pressure drop is 1.0 psi in 5 seconds. 2. Concrete Pipe: a. ASTM C 1214 for concrete pipe 4" to 24" diameter. b. ASTM C 1103 for concrete pipe 27" and larger. C. Hydrostatic Test: Provide air release taps at pipeline’s highest elevations and expel all

air before the test. Insert permanent plugs after test has been completed. 1. Plastic Pipe: ASTM F 2497. 2. Concrete Pipe: ASTM C 497. Abide by Section 3 and Section 16 in the ASTM

standard and applicable recommendations of manufacturer. D. Locate and repair leakage and retest until leakage rate is less than allowable. E. Repair any noticeable leakage even if total leakage is less than allowable.

Commissioning of Water Utilities

33 08 00 - 5

3.7 DISTORTION TEST A. Maximum internal diameter reduction in any plane measured full length of installation

prior to pavement placement and at the end of the one (1) year correction period is as follows.

1. Polyvinyl chloride pipe, 7.5 percent. 2. High density polyethylene pipe, five (5) percent. 3. Ductile iron pipe, three (3) percent. 4. Corrugated metal pipe, 7.5 percent. 5. Polypropylene pipe , five (5) percent. 6. Concrete pipe, maximum crack width is 0.1 inch. Provide photographs of all

cracks for possible mitigation or monitoring purposes. 3.8 OBSTRUCTION TEST A. Maximum protuberance is 1 inch. 3.9 TRACER WIRE CONTINUITY TEST A. Test all tracer wire sections for continuity.

3.10 COMMISSIONING TEST SCHEDULE A. Landscape Irrigation - Gravity System: 1. Grade test: All laterals drain. B. Landscape Irrigation – Pressure System: 1. Grade test: All lateral pipes drain. 2. Exfiltration test. 3. Operational Testing: a. Perform operational testing after hydrostatic test is complete; backfill is in

place, and sprinkler heads adjusted to final coverage. b. Demonstrate system meets coverage requirements and automatic controls

function properly. c. Coverage requirements are based on operation of one (1) circuit at a time. C. Sanitary Sewers: 1. Joint test. 2. Alignment and grade test. 3. Distortion test. 4. Obstruction test. 5. Infiltration or exfiltration test for gravity pipelines. 6. Exfiltration test for pressure pipelines. 7. For lateral replacements constructed by bursting, operate video camera in presence

of Project Representative. D. Sub-drains: 1. Grade test. 2. Distortion test. 3. Obstruction test. E. Storm Drains:

Commissioning of Water Utilities

33 08 00 - 6

1. Joint test. 2. Alignment and grade test. 3. Distortion test. 5. Obstruction test. 6. Infiltration test for gravity pipeline systems. 7. Exfiltration test for pressure pipeline systems. F. Potable Water System: 1. Distortion test. 2. Obstruction tests. 3. Exfiltration test. 4. Disinfection (Section 33 13 00). Legally dispose of flushing water and ensure no

damage to the environment. 5. Tracer wire continuity test. G. Secondary Non-potable Water System: 1. Distortion test. 2. Obstruction test. 3. Exfiltration test. 4. Tracer wire continuity test.

3.11 REPAIR A. Repair pipeline system at no additional cost to OWNER until it passes commissioning

tests.

END OF SECTION

Asphalt concrete T-patch 1. GENERAL A. If a saw cut in the direction of vehicular travel is within a wheel path, consult ENGINEER for

directions on removing additional pavement other than the amount shown on the drawing. 2. PRODUCTS A. Base Course: Untreated base course, APWA Section 32 11 23. Do not use gravel as a base

course without ENGINEER’s permission. B. Flowable Fill: Target is 60 psi in 28 days with 90 psi maximum in 28 days, APWA Section 31 05

15. It must flow easily requiring no vibration for consolidation. C. Reinforcement. No. 5, galvanized or epoxy coated, 60 ksi yield grade steel, ASTM A 615. D. Concrete: Class 4000, APWA Section 03 30 04. E. Tack Coat: APWA Section 32 12 13.13. F. Asphalt Concrete. APWA Section 32 12 05. 1) Warm Weather Patch: AC-20-DM-1/2, unless indicated otherwise. 2) Cold Weather Patch: Modified MC-250-FM-1, APWA Section 33 05 25. 3. EXECUTION A. Base Course Placement: APWA Section 32 05 10. Maximum lift thickness before compaction is

8-inches when using riding equipment or 6-inches when using hand held equipment. Compaction is 95 percent or greater relative to a modified proctor density, APWA Section 31 23 26.

B. Flowable Fill: Cure to initial set before placing aggregate base or asphalt pavement. Use in excavations that are too narrow to receive compaction equipment.

C. Tack Coat. Clean all horizontal and vertical surfaces. Apply full coverage. D. Asphalt Pavement: Match existing thickness plus 1 inch but not more than 6-inches in

residential thoroughfares or 8-inches non-residential thoroughfares. Install in lifts no greater than 3-inches after compaction. Compact to 94 percent of ASTM D 2041 (Rice density) plus or minus 2 percent. If asphalt pavement is substituted for concrete substrate, omit rebar and provide 1.25 inches of pavement for each 1 inch of contrete substrate substituted.

E. Reinforcement. Required if thickness of existing Portland-cement concrete substrate is 6-inches or greater. Not required if (1) less than 6-inches thick, (2) if existing concrete is deteriorating, (3) if excavation is less than 3 feet square, or (4) if asphalt pavement is substituted for Portland-cement concrete substrate.

F. Concrete Substrate. Cure to initial set before placing new bitumen concrete patch. G. Joint Repair: If a crack occurs at a connection to and existing pavement or at any street fixture,

fluch seal the creack per Plan 265. H. Patch Repair: Repair patch if any of the following conditions within the patch occur. 1) Pavement surface distortion exceeds 1/4-inch deviation in 10 feet. Repair option: Plane off

surface distortions. Coat planed surfaces with a cationic or anionic emulsion that complies with APWA Section 32 12 03.

2) Cracks at least 1-foot long and 1/4-inch wide occur more often than 1 in 10 square feet. Repair option: Crack seal, APWA Secion 32 12 03.

3) Asphalt raveling is greater than 1 square foot per 100 square feet. Repair option: Mill and inlay.

96

Asphalt concrete T-patch 1. GENERAL A. If a saw cut in the direction of vehicular travel is within a wheel path, ENGINEER may

order additional pavement removal so saw cut falls outside of a wheel path. 2. PRODUCTS A. Base Course: Untreated base course, APWA Section 32 11 23. Do not use gravel as a

base course without ENGINEER’s permission. B. Flowable Fill: Target is 60 psi in 28-days and 90 psi maximum in 28 days, APWA

Section 31 05 15. It must flow easily requiring no vibration for consolidation. C. Reinforcement. Galvanized or epoxy coated, 60 ksi yield grade steel, ASTM A 615. D. Concrete: Class 4000, APWA Section 03 30 04. E. Tack Coat: APWA Section 32 12 13.13. F. Asphalt Concrete. APWA Section 32 12 05. 1) Warm weather patch - AC-20-DM-1/2, unless indicated otherwise. 2) Cold weather patch - modified MC-250-FM-1, APWA Section 33 05 25. 3. EXECUTION A. Base Course Placement: APWA Section 32 05 10. Maximum lift thickness before

compaction is 8-inches when using riding equipment or 6-inches when using hand held equipment. Compaction is 95 percent or greater relative to a modified proctor density, APWA Section 31 23 26.

B. Tack Coat. Clean all horizontal and vertical surfaces. Apply full coverage. C. Asphalt Pavement: Match existing thickness plus 1 inch but not more than 6-inches in

residential thoroughfares or 8-inches non-residential thoroughfares. Install in lifts not greater than 3-inches after compaction. Compact to 94 percent of ASTM D 2041 (Rice density) plus or minus 2 percent. If asphalt pavement is substituted for concrete substrate, omit rebar and provide 1.25 inches of pavement for each 1 inch of contrete substrate substituted.

D. Reinforcement. Required if thickness of existing Portland-cement concrete substrate is 6-inches or greater. Not required if (1) less than 6-inches thick, (2) if existing concrete is deteriorating, (3) if excavation is less than 3 feet square, or (4) if asphalt pavement is substituted for Portland-cement concrete substrate.

E. Concrete Substrate. Cure to initial set before placing new bitumen concrete patch. F. Joint Repair: If a crack occurs at a connection to and existing pavement or at any street

fixture, fluch seal the creack per Plan 265. G. Patch Repair: Repair patch if any of the following conditions within the patch occur. 1) Pavement surface distortion exceeds 1/4-inch deviation in 10 feet. Repair option:

Plane off surface distortions. Coat planed surfaces with a cationic or anionic emulsion that complies with APWA Section 32 12 03.

2) Cracks at least 1-foot long and 1/4-inch wide occur more often than 1 in 10 square feet. Repair option: Crack seal, APWA Secion 32 12 03.

3) Asphalt raveling is greater than 1 square foot per 100 square feet. Repair option: Mill and inlay.

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Bituminous pavement T-patch 1. GENERAL A. Vertical cuts in bituminous concrete may be done by saw or pavement zipping. If cuts

greater than 6 inches are necessary to prevent pavement "break off" consult ENGINEER for directions on handling additional costs.

B. Repair T-patch restoration if any of the following conditions occur prior to final payment or at the end of the one year correction period.

1) Pavement surface distortion exceeds 1/4-inch deviation in 10 feet. Repair option - plane off surface distortions. Coat planed surface with a cationic or anionic emulsion that complies with APWA Section 32 12 03.

2) Separation appears at a connection to an existing pavement or any street fixture. Repair option - blow separation clean and apply joint sealant, Plan 265.

3) Cracks at least 1-foot long and 1/4-inch wide occur more often than 1 in 10 square feet. Repair option - blow clean and apply crack seal, Plan 265.

4) Pavement raveling is greater than 1 square foot per 100 square feet. Repair option - mill and inlay, APWA Sections 32 01 16.71 and 32 12 05.

2. PRODUCTS A. Base Course: Untreated base course, APWA Section 32 11 23. Do not use gravel as

a base course without ENGINEER’s permission. B. Flowable Fill: Target is 60 psi in 28 days with 90 psi maximum in 28 days, APWA

Section 31 05 15. It must flow easily requiring no vibration for consolidation. C. Reinforcement. No. 5, galvanized or epoxy coated, deformed, 60 ksi yield grade steel,

ASTM A 615. D. Concrete: Class 4000, APWA Section 03 30 04. E. Tack Coat: APWA Section 32 12 13.13. F. Bituminous Concrete. APWA Section 32 12 05. 1) Warm Weather Patch: PG64-22-DM-1/2, unless indicated otherwise. 2) Cold Weather Patch: Modified MC-250-FM-1 as indicated in APWA Section 33 05

25. 3. EXECUTION A. Base Course Placement: APWA Section 32 05 10. Maximum lift thickness before

compaction is 8-inches when using riding equipment or 6-inches when using hand held equipment. Compaction is 95 percent or greater relative to a modified proctor density, APWA Section 31 23 26

B. Flowable Fill: Cure to initial set before placing aggregate base or bituminous pavement. Use in excavations that are too narrow to receive compaction equipment.

C. Tack Coat. Clean all horizontal and vertical surfaces. Apply full coverage all surfaces. D. Bituminous Concrete: Unless indicated otherwise, lift thickness placement is 3-inches

minimum after compaction. Compact to 94 percent of ASTM D 2041 (Rice density). E. Bituminous Concrete Substitution: If bituminous concrete is substituted for Portland

cement concrete substrate, omit rebar tie-in to existing Portland concrete substrate and provide 1.25 inches of bituminous concrete for each 1 inch of Portland cement concrete.

F. Reinforcement. Required if thickness of existing Portland-cement concrete substrate is 6-inches or greater. Not required if: (1) less than 6-inches thick, (2) if existing concrete is deteriorating, (3) if excavation is less than 3 feet square, or (4) if bituminous pavement is substituted for Portland-cement concrete substrate.

G. Concrete Substrate. Cure to initial set before placing new bituminous concrete patch.

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