Manifest Destiny James K. Polk and American Expansion.
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Transcript of Manifest Destiny James K. Polk and American Expansion.
Manifest Destiny
James K. Polk
and
American Expansion
Dark Horse- James Polk
• Election of 1844– Whig-Henry Clay– Democrat- James K Polk
• Key Issues:– Should the United States add Texas?
• This would upset the balance of slave/free states– Polk says yes– Clay says no
– Further Expansion (Manifest Destiny)• Polk wants to continue expanded aggressively• Clay believes in a more cautious approach
Texas Annexation
Mexican Cession
Oregon Country
Gadsden Purchase
Texas Annexation
Texas Annexation• Annexation of Texas occurred on February 28, 1845.
• Annex means “add on.”• Approve the annexation of Texas (took 10
years)– Reason
• 1- Mexican dictator Antonio López de Santa Anna warned that annexation would be "equivalent to a declaration of war.”
• 2- Northerners opposed annexation over the slavery issue
• Results– Mexican War
Mexican War
Mexican War• Mexican War Timeline
– January 1846 - Zachary Taylor crosses the Nueces River into the disputed border between Mexico/United States.
– April 1846 – Mexican troops cross the Rio Grande into the disputed border with Mexico/United States.
– April 1846 – Mexican and United States troops skirmish with losses on both sides
– April 1846 – U.S. declares war on Mexico
Nueces RiverNueces River
Rio Grande RiverRio Grande River
Bang
Taylor’s ForcesTaylor’s Forces
Mexican ForcesMexican Forces
Mexican Cession
Mexican War Continued…• May 1846 – January 1848 - Fighting on many fronts• January 1848 – Mexico City is captured
• Results:• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ends the Mexican War
– Mexico Cedes all of California and New Mexico to the United States.» Cede means “gives”
• Created the New Mexico Territory and California
Oregon Country
Oregon Country
• Oregon Country originally shared by four powers– 1. United States – 2. Great Britain – 3. Spain– 4. Russia
Oregon Country
• Oregon Treaty of 1846– Divided Oregon at latitude 49 degrees North.
• Great Britain got the land north of the line• United States got the land south of the line
• The states of Oregon (1859), Washington (1889), and Idaho (1890) came out of our portion
Gadsden Purchase
Gadsden Purchase• In 1853, the United States paid Mexico
$10 million dollars for a strip of land in Arizona and New Mexico
• Purchased this land to complete the building of a railroad.
Native Americans
Native Americans
• Three ways the U.S. dealt with the Native American “Problem”– 1. War/Force– 2. Assimilation– 3. Segregation/Reservations
Segregation/Reservations
• Explanation: Designate areas for the Native Americans to live
• Example: The Reservation System• Reason: Native Americans needed to be moved off
land wanted by the United States• Positives:
– Control Native Americans– Don’t have to fight them again and again
• Negatives: – Resources needed to provide for the Native
Americans
War/Force
– Explanation: Fight the Native Americans for their land
– Example: Battle of Wounded Knee
– Reason: Native Americans wouldn’t move
– Positives:
• Don’t have to pay the Native Americans
– Negatives:
• U.S. soldiers killed
• Native Americans killed (is this a disadvantage)
• Native Americans may retreat and fight again
Assimilation
• Explanation: Bring the Native Americans into “American” society and culture
• Example: Carlisle Indian School• Reason: “Civilizing” the natives• Positives:
• Native Americans could help the country• No loss of life for U.S. soldiers
• Negatives:• Many Native Americans refused to give up their
culture• Only a small portion of the Native American
population was able to have schooling