Mandate of Mandate of Heaven Heaven and theand the

Dynastic Cycle Dynastic Cycle

Mandate of HeavenMandate of HeavenThe belief that heaven granted a The belief that heaven granted a

ruler a mandate or ‘divine right to ruler a mandate or ‘divine right to rule’rule’

Linked Power and Responsibility Linked Power and Responsibility In exchange for loyalty, the ruler In exchange for loyalty, the ruler must maintain ordermust maintain order

Rulers need Mandate of Heaven to Rulers need Mandate of Heaven to rulerule

If lost, the people were allowed to If lost, the people were allowed to rebel.rebel.

AccomplishmentsAccomplishmentsEst. a strong, central Est. a strong, central

governmentgovernmentBring peace and orderBring peace and orderGive land to peasantsGive land to peasantsBuild roads, defensive walls Build roads, defensive walls

and irrigation systemsand irrigation systemsSupport education and artsSupport education and arts

Failures & Losing the Failures & Losing the MandateMandate

Allow CorruptionAllow CorruptionLose military powerLose military powerRaise taxesRaise taxesSpend $ on luxuriesSpend $ on luxuriesFail to reinforce walls, and Fail to reinforce walls, and

irrigationirrigationHarsh rulerHarsh ruler

Problems: Problems: Sign the Sign the Mandate is LostMandate is Lost

ChaosChaosFloodsFloodsInvasionsInvasionsPeasant rebellionsPeasant rebellionsPoor harvestsPoor harvests

Dynastic CycleDynastic Cycle

A strong leader emerges A strong leader emerges and establishes a new and establishes a new dynastydynasty

Claims mandateClaims mandateCycle begins againCycle begins again

During times of Chaos, Chinese During times of Chaos, Chinese philosophers tried to find ways to philosophers tried to find ways to guide guide human behaviorhuman behavior and ensure and ensure orderorder in in societysociety

3 Philosophies Developed in China3 Philosophies Developed in ChinaConfucianismConfucianismDaoism (Taoism)Daoism (Taoism)LegalismLegalism

ConfucianismConfucianism

Founder: Confucius Founder: Confucius (Master Kong)(Master Kong)

Dates: 551 B.CDates: 551 B.CWritingsWritings: : The AnalectsThe AnalectsTeachingsTeachings::5 Relationships must 5 Relationships must

govern societygovern society

“Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in getting up every time we do”

5 Relationships5 Relationships

Ruler and RuledRuler and Ruled Father and SonFather and Son Older Brother and Younger BrotherOlder Brother and Younger Brother Husband and WifeHusband and Wife Friend and FriendFriend and Friend

Superior sets example and cares for Superior sets example and cares for inferiorinferior

Inferior shows respect to superiorInferior shows respect to superior

ConfuciusConfucius

Filial pietyFilial piety: the : the dutyduty and and respectrespect that that children owed their children owed their parentsparents

Education and Education and MoralityMorality

Society more Society more important than important than individualindividual I hear and I forget. I see and I

remember. I do and I understand.

Daoism Daoism Founder: Lao ZiFounder: Lao Zi Dates: 551 B.CDates: 551 B.C Writings: “The Way of Virtue”Writings: “The Way of Virtue” Teachings:Teachings: Stressed the link between Nature Stressed the link between Nature

and Peopleand PeoplePeople should do nothing People should do nothing

contrary to nature, live according contrary to nature, live according to the Dao “the Way”to the Dao “the Way”

DaoismDaoism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-zD-RohzNY

Yin and YangYin and Yang: Forces in Nature are to : Forces in Nature are to balance each otherbalance each other

YinYin: female, passive, earthy: female, passive, earthyYangYang: male, active, heavenly: male, active, heavenly

DaoismDaoism

Water as symbol of TaoWater as symbol of TaoGovt. should have fewer rulesGovt. should have fewer rules““Reveal thyself, embrace original Reveal thyself, embrace original

nature, do not be selfish, curtail nature, do not be selfish, curtail desire”desire”

LegalismLegalism

Founder: Han FeiziFounder: Han Feizi Writings: Writings: Han FeiziHan Feizi 300-200 B.C.300-200 B.C. Teachings:Teachings: People acted out of self interestPeople acted out of self interest People only respond to rewards and People only respond to rewards and

punishments, not good examplespunishments, not good examples

LegalismLegalism Harsh Laws and Strict Harsh Laws and Strict

Rulers are necessary Rulers are necessary to get things doneto get things done

Laws more important Laws more important than rulersthan rulers

Example: Shi Example: Shi Huangdi used Huangdi used Legalism to unite Legalism to unite China and create the China and create the Great WallGreat Wall