Management Information System-prince Dudhatra-9724949948

8/7/2019 Management Information System-prince Dudhatra-9724949948

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ManagementInformation

Systems

ManagementInformation

Systems


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Management Information Systems (MIS)

MIS provides managers with information and support for

effective decision making, and provides feedback on daily

operations.

Output or reports are usually generated through accumulationof transaction processing data.

Each MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems, which

are typically organized along functional lines within an

organization.

Provide decision-making support for routine, structured

decisions.

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Management Functions

Get the job done

On time

Within budget

Satisfactorily

Using available

resources

Planning

Devise short-range and long-range plansand set goals to help achieve the plans

OrganizingHow to use resources

Staffing

Directing

Guiding employees to perform their work

ControllingMonitoring progress towards goals

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Sources of Management Information

Schematic

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Corporate

databases

ofinternal

data

Databases

ofexternal

data

Databasesof

valid

transactions

Operational

databases

Transactionprocessing

systems

Managementinformation

systems

Decision

support

systems

Executivesupport

systems

Expert

systems

Business

transactions

Input and

error list

Drill-down reports

Exception reports

Demand reports

Key-indicator reports

Scheduled

reports

Employees

Corporate

intranet

Application

databases

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What Is Systems Analysis and Design?

The process of implementing and operating an information

system.

Requires knowledge of: Organizations objectives, structure, processes

Information technology opportunities and constraints

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Important System Concepts

Decomposition breaking down a system into

smaller constituents.

Modularity the result of decomposition.

Coupling dependencies between subsystems.

Cohesion extent to which a subsystem performs a

single function

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Information AttributesInformation Attributes

HighHigh

QualityQuality

RelevantRelevant TimelyTimely

RelativelyRelatively

CompleteComplete

UsefulUseful

InformationInformation

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The Nature Of InformationThe Nature Of Information- Data: raw facts such as the number of customers.

- Information: data arranged in a meaningful fashion.

Good information possesses these attributes:

Information Quality:

Measures information accuracy and reliability.

Timeliness:

-Information is needed when managerial action is taken.-Real Time Information: reflects the current condition.

Completeness:

Manager has the information to act.

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Relevance:

-Information matches the managers specific needs at

hand.

-Irrelevant information does not apply.

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MIS

A MIS is a system or process that provides theinformation necessary to manage an organization

effectively.

MIS and information it generates are generallyconsidered essential components of prudent and

reasonable business decisions.

MIS should have a clearly defined framework of

guidelines, practices, standards, procedures of

organization.

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MIS (cont.)

MIS should be designed to achieve following goals:

-enhance communication among employees

-deliver complex material throughout institution

-provide an objective system for recording and

aggregating information

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MIS

Electronic Data Processing (EDP)The EDP provides computerized services for all

departments in TRC

EDP helps in preparation of employees payroll, income tax

sheets, loan schedules, and central bills.

EDP division takes care to serve all departments in theircomputing, data sharing and helps in accessing internetconnection throughout.

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COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION

SYSTEM(CBIS)An information system that uses computer hardware and

software to perform its information processing activities.

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MIS

DEC

ISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (D

SS)A properly designed DSS is a interactive software based

system intended to help decision makers compile useful

information from a combination of raw data, documents,personal knowledge, or business models to identify and

solve problems and make decisions.

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Information requirements by Decision

CategoryCharacteristics ofinformation

Source -

Scope -

Level of aggregation -

Time horizon -

Currency -

Required accuracy -

Frequency of use -

Operational control (first line)

Largely internalWell defined

Detailed

Historical

Highly currentHigh

Very frequent

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CategoryCharacteristics of

information

Source -Scope -

Level of aggregation -

currency -

Management control (top

and middle level)

Internal and externalWell defined

Aggregate

Highly current

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CategoryCharacteristics of information

Source -

Scope -

level of aggregation -

Time horizon -

Currency -

Required accuracy -Frequency of use -

Strategic Planning (top level)

Largely external

Very wide

Aggregate

Future

Less current

LowLess frequent

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Different Information for

Different Management levels Organizations information system must provide

information to manager with three level of

responsibilities.

These three categories in terms of activities that take

place at first-line, Middle level and top level.

MIS should take into account the information need of

all managerial levels as well as routine transaction

processing needs of organization

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Operational Control

MIS for operational control provides highly

accurate and detailed information on daily or

weekly basis. Production supervisor must know if materials

waste is excessive, if costly overruns are about to

occur, or if the machine time for a job has expired

or not.

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Middle Management

Middle level managers, such as division head areconcerned with current and future performance of theirunit.

They therefore need information on important mattersthat will affect those units-large scale problems withsuppliers, abrupt sales declines, or increased customerdemand for a particular product line.

Type of information middle level manager requires issummarized data from within the organization as wellas from sources outside organization.

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Top Management

For the top managers, MIS provide information for

strategic planning and management control.

For the strategic planning the external source of

information on economic conditions, technological

development and the action of competitors are of vital use.

For the management control function to top managers, the

source of information must be both internal and external.

Top managers are typically concerned with overall

financial position of organization and they need information

on quarterly sales and profit, performance of competitors.

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How MIS is created?

Supervisors receive daily reports on direct and indirectlabor, material usage, scrap, production count etc.

Superintendents and department heads receive weekly

departmental cost summaries and production cost reports. Plant managers receive weekly & monthly financial

statement and analyses of important cost etc.

Divisional manager receive monthly plant comparisons,financial planning reports, production cost summaries and

plant control reports. Finally top managers receive overall monthly and quarterly

financial reviews, financial analyses and summarizedcomparisons of divisional performance.

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The Role of the Systems Analyst

Skills required: analytical, technical, managerial,

interpersonal

Liaison between users, programmers, and other systems

professionals

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Chief Information Officer-"Human Link between top management and the companys

information system.

-CIO is responsible for overseeing the preparation and

dissemination of policies and procedures for new and

existing system.

-CIO acts as a change agent.

-CIO introduces various technologies and related activities.

-Focuses on planning and development of information.

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Role:Planning

Developing

Disseminating

PreparingMonitoring

Decision making

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Planning Developing

Preparing Disseminating

Innovative and Creative ways

Various Policies And Information

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Transformation

Enterprise Change

Financial service

Human resources

Procurement

Call centers

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Business Perspective

Growth

Process improvement

Innovation

Attract new ConsumersNew Markets/Globalization

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Innovation

Business processTechnology

New market

Ecosystems/partners

Technology Perspective

Flexibility

Architecture

Governance

Standards

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COMPUTER BASED MISCOMPUTER BASED MIS

A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an

information system in which the computer plays a

major role.

MIS refers broadly to a computer-based systemthat provides managers with the tools for organizing,

evaluating and efficiently running their departments.

The use of computers to address many organizational

concerns has grown rapidly.

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COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

Hardware

Software

Data

Procedures

people

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PROBLEMS INPROBLEMS IN

IMPLEMENTINGCBISIMPLEMENTINGCBIS

Disrupt established departmental boundaries

Disrupt the informal system

Challenge specific individual characteristic

Supported by the organizational culture

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IMPLEMENTATION ANDIMPLEMENTATION AND

SEC

URITYSEC

URITYSecurity of the new system is a control issue that must

be addressed in the design and implementation stages.

for e.g. By placing equipment in safe and supervisedareas and by constructing password and read only files.

Software or program piracy can be prevented by copy

guarding important programs and by securely storing

authorized originals and backup copies.

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END USERCOMPUTINGEND USERCOMPUTING

The creative use of computers by employees who are not

experts in data processing.

With the increasing growth in end user computing,computer professionals are likely to spend more time away

from MIS department offices, guiding and supporting the

end users who are learning to use and apply new technology

and tools.

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

A decision support system (DSS) is an interactive

computer system that is easily accessible to, andoperated by, those who are not computer specialists to

assist them in planning and decision making function.

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EXPERT SYSTEM AND ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

ES: A computer based system using artificial intelligencetechniques to diagnose problems, recommend approaches tosolving or avoiding them, and provide a rationale for these

recommendations.

AI: Development of computational approaches tosimulate intelligence human thought or behavior.

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Bibliography

1.Stoner James A.F-Management-Sixth

Edition,Prentice Hall India, New Delhi.

2.www.diacritech.com/samples/interior_design/Computer

3.www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/.../dtt_public_

CIO book

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Management Information System-prince Dudhatra-9724949948

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