Management And Safety of Toxic Substances

ENV 401

PRESENTATION ON :NON-HALOGENATED SOLVENT

NORADILLAH BT AB RAZAK(2010671116)

NORHIDAYAH BT MORSAD(2010415912)

INTRODUCTION

Organic compounds used as solvents for several industrial activities, such as synthesis extractions, cleaning and protection of surfaces.

Solvents can be divided into two classes according to their chemical composition: halogenated and non halogenated

Non halogenated solvents are increasingly used in industry because of their lower toxicity. However non halogenated solvents also involve toxicity problems and for this reason their content in wastewater is also restricted

DEFINITION OF NON-HALOGENATED SOLVENT

Non Halogenated Solvent are defined as chemical compound or mixture that not contains halogen atoms, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

Non Halogenated Solvent are Highly Flammable

LIST OF NON HALOGENATED SOLVENT

1.Propanol2.Toluene3.Methanol4.Xylene5.Acetone6.Ethyl ether7.ethyl benzene8.ethyl acetate9.methyl isobutyl ketone

USES /APPLICATION

Most of them are used as solvents for coatings, resins, paints, plastics, adhesives, printing inks, cosmetics.

In the textile industry :intermediates in dye synthesis and may also appear as traces or additives in dyes, dye carriers, raw materials and wet textile processing.

In pharmaceutical Industry: synthesis and extraction processes. Another group of compounds is used in the manufacture of plastic fibres, synthetic rubber, artificial leather, photographic films, flavours, perfumes, insecticides, etc

ABSORPTION OF SOLVENT

1. Inhalation

Solvents that are highly soluble in blood and tissues ,leads to rise in blood concentration once inhaled, the vapors which arise from solvents can directly irritate the upper respiratory tract (nose, throat and bronchial tubes), eyes and the lungs.Easily absorbed from the lungs into the bloodstream and travel to other parts of the body to produce additional harmful effects

2. Dermal uptake

Skin is impermeable due to the lipid barrier. Exposure to organic solvents, detergents, and some surfactants can remove lipids thereby increasing the permeability of the skin.Eg : xylene vapour has shown 10-fold greater efficiency in penetration across the skin than xylene liquid. This is simply because liquid solvents removed the lipid layer thus interfering with absorption.

ABSORPTION OF SOLVENT

3. Mouth Contact

Solvents can enter the body and bloodstream through the mouth and digestive system. Although not a common route of entry, mouth contact with contaminated hands, food and cigarettes can occur and is dangerous.

EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE ON HEALTH

1.Respiratory IrritationExposure to solvent vapours can irritate respiratory mucous membranes. Eg: burning sensation of the nose, throat or chest and lead to coughing. Inhalation of very high concentrations of solvents may result in severe irritation

of the lungs and a condition called pulmonary oedema or fluid in the lungs.

2. Eye Irritationburning, itching, and painful eyes

3. DermatitisAcute contact with a solvent can cause a breakdown of protective fats and oils in the skin. Skin may become reddened, itchy

4. Central Nervous System DepressionThe central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. Large exposures can produce central nervous system effects including euphoria, dizziness, lack of coordination, headaches, fatigue, and nausea

EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE ON HEALTH

.Ethanol has a synergistic effect when taken in combination with many solvents. For instance a combination of Toluene/benzene  and ethanol cause greater nausea or vomiting than either substance alone.

Some solvents including chloroform and benzene (an ingredient of gasoline) are carcinogenic. Many others can damage internal organs like the liver, the kidneys, or the brain.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Waste MaterialORGANIC SOLVENT (non-halogenated)

Research group: Name (replace with the group’s name)This waste container is ONLY for: NAME (replace and insert/list material name(s))

DO NOT add other materials unless they are compatible.Consult the relevant Safety Data Sheets.

UN 1992EPA Code: G120

Disposal: This waste is to be Recycled / Disposed of by ContractorHazard Statements: Highly flammable, Toxic by inhalation/contact with skin/if swallowed, Causes burns, Irritating to eyes/ respiratory system/ skin, Possible risk of irreversible effects, Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness,

Accident prevention and Personal protective equipment:Keep container in a well-ventilated place, Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking, Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray,Avoid contact with skin and eyes, Wear protective gloves, eye and face protection, Use only in well ventilated areas, Do not discharge into drains or the environment, dispose to an authorised waste collection point, Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination

First Aid: If contact with eyes wash with running water.If swallowed do not induce vomiting seek medical advise.If contact with skin remove contaminated clothing and wash with water.If inhaled expose to fresh air and seek medical attention.The

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

.Check the hazards of the

particular solvents you use, the precautions to

take when you use them and the procedures to follow in an emergency

(MSDS sheets and container labels ). • Always use a fume hood if harmful

or toxic. Keep doors and windows open in confined spaces.

• Use breathing apparatus or chemical filters when dealing with poisonous or irritant substances outside the fume hood

• Keep protective equipment clean.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

.The label has to contain all of the following:

Name and Address of Manufacturer

XnXYLENE

Flammable (RIO), Harmful by inhalation and in

contact with the skin (R20/21),Irritating to skin (R38)

Keep out of reach of children (S2)

Avoid contact with eyes (S25)

Contact Details of Manufacturer

Hazard Symbol

Risk Phrases

Safety Phrases

Chemical Name

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

.Avoid skin contact with solvents by wearing suitable protective clothing (gloves, lab coat, goggles or face shield etc).

•Always wear goggles when heating chemicals, doing preparative chemistry, or standing near a chemical reaction.

•Gloves must be resistant to the specific chemical with which you are working.

•For concentrated acids and alkalis or organic solvents, natural rubber, neoprene, or nitrile gloves are recommended.

•Remove gloves when opening doors, typing on computers or using the phone!

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

..•Do not eat or smoke in areas where there are solvents.

• Wash hands thoroughly before leaving the laboratory area and after changing gloves.

•Never use solvents for washing the skin.

They remove the natural protective oils from the skin and can cause irritation and inflammation.

May be toxic or facilitate

absorption of a toxic chemical.

•Keep away from naked flames as very toxic gases may be given off (by chlorinated solvents) and many solvents are flammable.

LIST OF NON-HALOGENATED WASTE (ORGANIC SOLVENTS THAT DO NOT CONTAIN F, CL, BR, OR I)

1)Acetone 2)Acetonitrile 3)Bis / Tris solutions 4)Cyclohexane 5) EDTA 6)Ethyl Alcohol ≥24% 7)Ethyl Ether 8)Fluorescein 9)Hematoxylin 10)HEPES 11)Hexanes 12)Hybridization buffer (sodium

dodecyl sulfate / sodium phosphate dibasic buffer)

13)Isopropyl Acetate 14)Isopropyl Alcohol ≥24% 15)Methanol ≥24%

16)2-Propanol ≥24% 17)TEMED 18)tert-Butanol 19)Tetrahydrofuran 20)Toluene 21)TAE 22)Xylene cyanol23) Phenol 24)Petroleum Ether (mineral spirits)25) Oil Red O

WASTE HANDLING & DISPOSAL PROCEDURE

WASTE HANDLING & DISPOSAL PROCEDURE

A) Halogenated and non-halogenated solvents MUST be disposed of separately in the specifically labelled containers provided. Non-halogenated solvents present a greater fire-risk. Halogenated solvents produce harmful vapours. Certain mixtures of the two types (e.g. acetone and chloroform) can react chemically to cause explosions.

B) Waste non-halogenated solvent should be kept in vented-labelled. Each bottle should have a tie-on label listing the contents of the bottle.

C) Waste-solvent containers (of either type) must be sited away from all sources of heat (including sunlight) and ignition. Most organic solvents are volatile. Many common solvents will ignite at low temperatures

D) Non-halogenated flammable liquid wastes are sent for fuel blending in waste disposal incinerators, and as a result, disposal is relatively easy and inexpensive. For this reason the lower the water content is in the waste the less expensive the costs of disposal. Solvents contaminated with materials not permitted for incineration will require costly disposal methods. Normal waste examples: acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol, hexane, methanol, toluene, xylene

WASTE HANDLING & DISPOSAL PROCEDURE

E) Non-halogenated solvents should be kept separate from halogenated solvents. Examples: carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethane.

Halogenated solvents are difficult to dispose of, and can cost more to dispose of as compared to non-halogenated solvents. An effort to keep halogenated and non-halogenated waste in separate containers will help to reduce disposal costs.

-In First Schedule (Regulation 2) Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127), all non-halogenated residues will be label as N071 (Residues from recovery of non-halogenated solvents)

- Every waste generator shall provide information in accordance with the Seventh Schedule in respect of each category of scheduled wastes to be delivered to the contractor and shall give the schedule to the contractor upon delivery of the waste to him.

Environmental Quality Act 1974(Act 127)

-In First Schedule (Regulation 2), all non-halogenated residues will be label as N071 (Residues from recovery of non-halogenated solvents)

-Every waste generator shall provide information in accordance with the Seventh Schedule in respect of each category of scheduled wastes to be delivered to the contractor and shall give the schedule to the contractor upon delivery of the waste to him.

- In Fourth Schedule (Scheduled Wastes of Potential Incompatibility), state that mixing of a Group A waste with a Group B waste may have the potential consequences. Thus, non-halogenated solvents should be kept separate from halogenated solvents

WASTE HANDLING & DISPOSAL PROCEDURE

WASTE HANDLING & DISPOSAL PROCEDURE

Labeling of Waste Containers

Ensuring that any container used to accumulate hazardous waste is properly labeled in meet regulatory requirements and assure the safety of people around .The labeling requirement applies from the moment the first drop of waste isplaced in the container.

The hazardous-waste label identifies:•the waste generator, •the contents of the container, •information on the hazardous characteristic(s) of the waste, and •establishes the waste-generation start date.

The waste generator must fill in the start date when the first addition is made to the waste container.

Each primary waste container must have a label attached, indicating the composition of the material. A manufacturer’s label does not serve this purpose, even if proper hazard information is on the label.

REFERENCES

1. Environmental Perspective and Progress of Solvent and Paint Recovery Process: A Case Study on Waste Recycling.Engineering Journal, Vol 16, No 2 (2012)

2. Tinoco, Ignacio; Sauer, Kenneth and Wang, James C. (2002)Physical Chemistry Prentice Hall p. 134 ISBN 0-13-026607-8

3. Solvent : http : //en.wikipedia.org./wiki/Solvent4. University of Northern Lowa : Hazardous Waste Management manual ;

www.vpaf.uni.edu/ehso/programs/hazard_waste_09.pdf

5. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad: Detetmination of non halogenated solvent in industry

6. Environmental Quality Act 1974 : ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (SCHEDULED WASTES) REGULATIONS 2005

The final message......

You are not going to die using chemicals

... BUT you MUST be carefull and take preacutions!!!!!!!

... FOR YOU AND THE PEOPLE AROUND YOU!!!!!

It’s just common sense.......

谢谢