Malpeli Revision

100 - 199

100. An example of a medico-legal issue being raised by athletes taking legal performance enhancers such as creatine monohydrate is:

A: Athletes suffering an allergic reaction to the substance

B: Athletes being admitted to hospital

C: Athletes suing the administrative body for a “botched up” Series A sample

D: None of the above

ANSWER:A: Athletes suffering an allergic reaction to the substance

101. Adolescents are considered to have participated in adequate physical activity if the complete the following:

A Activities that use 3.5 ml/kg/min on at least 5 days of the week

B Activities that use 3.5 ml/kg/min for at least 30 minutes on at least 5 days of the week

C 3.5 hours of moderate-intensity activity over at least 5 sessions in a normal week

D None of the above

ANSWER:C 3.5 hours of moderate-intensity activity over at least 5 sessions in a normal week

102. The recommended activity levels for children and youth are:

A 60 minutes, every day of moderate to vigorous intensity across a wide range of activities

B 60 minutes, every second day of moderate intensity across a wide range of activities

C 90 minutes, every day of moderate to vigorous intensity across a wide range of activities

D 90 minutes, every second day of moderate intensity across a wide range of activities

ANSWER:A 60 minutes ,every day of moderate to vigorous intensity across a wide range of activities

103. For older people, to achieve improved muscle strength and mobility, it is recommended that they participate in:

A weight training 3 times per week

B Non-weight baring activities such as swimming, cycling, water aerobics at least 5 times per week

C Everyday lifestyle activities such as gardening

D All of the above

ANSWER:C Everyday lifestyle activities such as gardening

104. Accelerometers are:

A Objective

B Expensive to use with large populations

C Non-invasive

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

105. Interventions designed to engage “at risk” children and youth require:

A Community support

B Comprehensive tailoring of programs

C An understanding of the target group

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

106. Reminder systems (on phones, computers, post-its on walls, etc.) are essential strategies:

A Only when at the maintenance stage

B For anyone contemplating physical activity

C Any stage up to the action stage

D All of the above

ANSWER:C Any stage up to the action stage

107. The following is an example of an environmental intervention aimed at increasing physical activity levels:

A Constructing bike trails and walking tracks

B Providing playground facilities

C Installing showers and change facilities at workplaces

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

108.  “Travelsmart” aims to increase physical activity across the settings of school, community and workplace by:

A Encouraging walking in preference to motor vehicles

B Encouraging the riding of bicycles in preference to motor vehicles

C Encouraging the use of public transport

D All of the above  

ANSWER:D All of the above

109.

ANSWER:D: All of the above

110. Hypoglycaemia:

A Leads to fatigue as a result of excessive muscle “shivering”

B Is quickly reversed by taking in soluble sucrose

C Occurs when athletes call upon proteins as a fuel source

D Occurs when fat solubility is reduced as exercise intensity increases

ANSWER:B Is quickly reversed by taking in soluble sucrose

111. Aerobic glycolysis:

A Produces energy faster than anaerobic glycolysis

B Can occur in the absence of oxygen

C Takes over from anaerobic glycolysis when athletes hit the wall in events such as the marathon

D Breaks down pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and more energy via the Kreb’s Cycle

ANSWER:D Breaks down pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and more energy via the Kreb’s Cycle

112. The predominant energy system used in the 400m sprint (athletics) is the:

A LA system

B PC system

C Alactacid system

D Aerobic system

ANSWER:A LA system

113. Swimmers use more energy than runners to complete the same distances because:

A They use more muscles

B More energy is required to remain afloat (buoyant) than it is to maintain an upright posture

C Water provides greater resistance than air to forward movement

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

114. The oxygen deficit occurs when:

A Performers have had time to reach a “steady state”

B ATP is broken down anaerobically

C The amount of oxygen demanded is less than that able to be supplied by the cardiovascular & respiratory systems

D Performers train at high altitude and the air is “thin”

ANSWER:B ATP is broken down anaerobically

115. Dehydration may lead to fatigue by:

A Resulting in an elevated body temperature

B Increasing blood pressure and heart rates

C Slowing down the transmission of nervous impulses through motor neurons

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

116. An active recovery is how many times faster than a passive recovery at removing LA and restoring muscle pH?

A Twice

B Three times

C Five times

D Ten Times

ANSWER:A Twice

117. Agility is “made up” of the following components:

A Speed and Strength

B Power and Strength

C Speed & Flexibility

D Balance & Power

ANSWER:C Speed & Flexibility

118. Aerobic capacity is:

A The same as cardio-respiratory endurance

B The same as VO2 max

C The same as cardio vascular endurance

D None of the above

ANSWER:B The same as VO2 max

119. In terms of data analysis, observation is not as good as using GPS data because:

A It is objective

B It is subjective

C It is operative

D All of the above

ANSWER:B It is subjective

120. When collecting data, the best parameter to reflect energy system usage would be:

A Skill Frequencies

B Heart Rate Patterns

C W:R Information

D Locomotor Patterns

ANSWER:B Heart Rate Patterns

121. Fitness “norms” are:

A People called Norm who have high levels of fitness compared to the rest of the population

B A good indicator of areas that need to be improved

C Results considered to be typical for a particular population group

D None of the above

ANSWER:C Results considered to be typical for a particular population group

122. The most relevant test to assess the speed of a netball centre player would be:

A Standing 55m sprint

B Standing 15m sprint

C Standing 40m sprint

D Running 40m sprint

ANSWER:B Standing 15m sprint

123. A 17 year old PE student (male) who gets a score of 14 cm in the sit and reach test would rate as:

A Fair

B Average

C Good

D Excellent

ANSWER:D Excellent

124. The principle of specificity aims to be specific to the following aspects observed in the game:

A Energy systems

B Fitness components

C Muscles groups and actions used

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

125. The following example best highlights the training principle of “specificity”:

A A road cyclist experiencing gains as a result of aerobic training completed on a stationary bicycle

B A sprint cyclist experiencing gains as a result of aerobic training completed on a stationary bicycle

C A shot putter experiencing gains as a result of anaerobic training completed using plyometric bounding

D A 1,500 m runner experiencing gains as a result of aerobic training completed on a stationary bicycle

ANSWER:A A road cyclist experiencing gains as a result of aerobic training completed on a stationary bicycle

126. The best example of short interval training listed below is:

A 2 x 2 x 1,000 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:1

B 2 x 4 x 1,000 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:2

C 2 x 2 x 1,000 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:3

D None of the above

ANSWER:D None of the above

127. Overload in a Fartlek session can be achieved by:

A Decreasing the intake of low GI foods immediately following the training session

B Wearing a backpack weighing 4 kilograms

C Running the same distance in a faster time (under 10 minutes)

D None of the above

ANSWER:B Wearing a backpack weighing 4 kilograms

128. Sensible / feasible overload likely to bring about improvements should be in the range of:

A 0-2%

B 2- 4%

C 8-10%

D >20%

ANSWER:C 8-10%

129. Individual load circuit training is:

A Better than individual time circuit training

B Simpler to use than fixed load circuit training

C Highly specific to a person’s fitness level

D All of the above

ANSWER:C Highly specific to a person’s fitness level

130. In the following resistance training ~ 4 x 3RM x 80kg, which component would primarily be developed:

A Muscular Endurance

B Strength

C Speed

D Power

ANSWER:D Power

131. Pilates primarily aims to improve:

A Flexibility

B Core stability

C LME

D None of the above

ANSWER:B Core stability

132. A catabolic training effect results in:

A A destructive effect on body tissues

B A rebuilding effect on body tissues

C Disqualification due to use of illegal practices

D Weight being gained via increased water absorption

ANSWER:A A destructive effect on body tissues

133. The “SAID” principle refers to:

A Specially Adapted Internal Drivers

B Specific Adaptive Imposition Demands

C Specific Adaptation Imposed Demands

D Coaches saying “I told you so”

ANSWER:C Specific Adaptation Imposed Demands

134. Plyometrics will result in the following change:

A Little change to lactate threshold

B Increased glycolytic enzymes

C Increased PC stores

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

135. Lactic acid tolerance results after 6+ months of anaerobic training due to:

A Increases in the ventricle thickness

B Increasing the muscle’s alkaline production / reserves

C Increasing OBLA

D None of the above

ANSWER:B Increasing the muscle’s alkaline production / reserves

136. The following is most likely to result from participation in continuous training program:

A Increased atrium size

B Increased plasma volume

C Increased maximal heart rate

D All of the above

ANSWER:B Increased plasma volume

137. The arterio-venous oxygen difference is:

A Greater at sub-maximal levels when compared to resting levels

B A comparison of arterial oxygen levels compared to venous oxygen levels

C A direct measure of how much oxygen muscles are using

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

138. Plyometric training will result in the following adaptations to fast twitch muscle fibres:

A Increased “whiteness”

B Increased antioxidative enzyme stores

C Increased PC stores

D Increased triglyceride stores

ANSWER:C Increased PC stores

139. Aerobic training will lead to the following changes to a person’s lactate threshold:

A Increase

B Decrease

C Inverse

D None of the above

ANSWER:A Increase

140. Psychological symptom(s) of overtraining includes:

A Disturbed sleep

B Mood swings

C Decreased “drive”

D All of the above

ANSWER:D: All of the above

141. Risk management includes:

A Appointing a manager who is prepared to take risks

B Conducting regular evacuation drills

C Allowing players to take “calculated risks”

D Reducing the likelihood of “things going wrong”

ANSWER:D Reducing the likelihood of “things going wrong”

142. Coaches might contribute to risks associated with the team they are training by:

A Adopting an authoritarian approach

B Attending regular re-accreditation meetings

C Using unqualified support staff that might be friends even this saves money

D All of the above

ANSWER:C Using unqualified support staff that might be friends even this saves money

143. The following is a practical example of risk management to reduce injuries:

A Not allowing spectators to sit within a 2 m proximity of the playing area

B Padding placed on goal posts

C Restricting the amount of players allowed in certain parts of a playing area or field

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

144. Risk management procedures extend beyond team management to facilities and equipment. The following must be taken into consideration in this area:

A Evacuation/emergency procedures

B Access for all including disabled people

C Signage

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

145. Mental imagery can be:

A Auditory

B Tactile

C Kinaesthetic

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

146. Ethical considerations related to performance enhancement are:

A A set of moral values

B Put in place to ensure fair participation exists for all

C Policies that must be strictly adhered to by all athletes

D All of the above

ANSWER:A A set of moral values

147. Caffeine enhances performance by:

A Depressing cardiac output and “saving energy”

B Acting as a diuretic

C Promoting glycogen sparing via increased release of free fatty acids

D All of the above

ANSWER:C Promoting glycogen sparing via increased release of free fatty acids

148. Ethical performers try to:

A Strive to achieve personal health as well as personal best performances

B Seek equality

C Avoid doping

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

149. Colostrum provides performance enhancing properties by: 

A Increasing the amount of anaerobic power that can be generated

B Improving the body’s immune system and protein synthesis mechanisms

C Improving the rate of glycolysis

D Providing a quicker mechanism for catabolic reactions to occur

ANSWER:B Improving the body’s immune system and protein synthesis mechanisms

150. The following foods are all suitable to be taken as part of a carbohydrate loading meal: 

A Cordial; low fat muffins; fried fish

B Cakes; nuts; lentils

C Eggs, bacon; tomatoes

D Cereal; Low fat yoghurt; pasta

ANSWER:D Cereal; Low fat yoghurt; pasta

151. The recommended activity levels for adults (CDHAC) are:

A: Combining short sessions of different activities for a total of 60 minutes every day of the week

B: Combining short sessions of different activities for a total of 30 minutes five days per week (minimum)

C: Participating in vigorous activity that makes you “huff & puff” for 30 minutes three to four days per week

D: Participating in vigorous activity that makes you “huff & puff” for 60 minutes five days per week (minimum)

ANSWER:D All of the above

152. When monitoring physical activity levels among populations, pedometers are:

A Very accurate and very practical

B Very practical but not highly accurate

C Very accurate but not very practical

D Moderately practical and highly accurate

ANSWER:B Very practical but not highly accurate

153. When considering the dimensions of physical activity context refers to:

A The setting

B Who the person under consideration is with at the time

C Where the physical activity is taking place

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

154. The “Active Kids, Healthy Kids” strategy has six components which aim to:

A Increase the number of children and youth accumulating at least 30 minutes of daily moderate-vigorous physical activity

B Increase the number of children and youth accumulating at least 60 minutes of daily moderate-vigorous physical activity

C Increase the number of children and youth accumulating at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity

D Decrease the number of children and youth accumulating at least 120 minutes of daily electronic media for entertainment

ANSWER:B Increase the number of children and youth accumulating at least 60 minutes of daily moderate-vigorous physical activity

155. The following is an example of an intervention aimed at promoting physical activity:

A Building bike tracks away from roads

B Employer subsidised health club memberships

C Having ads at cinemas that promote involvement in physical activity

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

156. A person who is in the “Action” stage will be likely to:

A Participate in moderate intensity activity most (five) days and follow an activity/exercise plan

B Participate in physical activity 3 times per week

C Meet the physical activity guidelines for at least 5 years

D Only need to be involved in physical activity twice per week to maintain their fitness levels

ANSWER:A Participate in moderate intensity activity most (five) days and follow an activity/exercise plan

157. The “Go for your Life” program aims to:

A Improve eating habits

B Increase levels of physical activity

C Promote involvement in community based programs

D All of the above

ANSWER:D: All of the above

158. Many people are using pedometers to monitor their physical activity. Recommended totals are:

A 10,000 steps per week

B 100,000 steps per week

C 10,000 steps daily

D 1,000 steps before breakfast followed by 2,000 steps before lunch and then 3,000 steps before diner

ANSWER:C 10,000 steps daily

159. If students do not participate in physical activity at school

A They are more likely to participate in physical activity outside school

B The are less likely to join sporting clubs outside school

C They are more likely to join sporting clubs outside school

D They are less likely to participate in physical activity outside school

ANSWER:D They are less likely to participate in physical activity outside school

160. Increased protein intake:

A Leads to increased water loss via urination

B Displaces carbohydrates from the diet

C Is often associated with increased fat intake via animal based foods

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

161. The aerobic energy system:

A Peaks at approx 70 seconds when athletes work maximally from the outset of exercise

B Preferentially uses fats as a fuel source

C Is the predominant energy supplier in a 400 m sprint in athletics

D Can only operate if exercise intensity remains between 70- 85% maximum heart rate

ANSWER: A Peaks at approx 70 seconds when athletes work maximally from the outset of exercise

162. When considering the energy systems:

A The aerobic system is the slowest to contribute to ATP resynthesis, but 40-50 times more powerful than the two combined anaerobic systems

B PC is adversely affected by the low pH caused when the LA system takes over energy production

C The LA system produces 5 times as much energy as the PC system

D None of the above

ANSWER:A The aerobic system is the slowest to contribute to ATP resynthesis, but 40-50 times more powerful than the two combined anaerobic systems

163. The aerobic system preferentially uses CHO’s because they:

A Occur in a higher abundance in our bodies

B Require less oxygen than fats to release energy

C Break down quicker than the CHO’s used by the PC system

D All of the above

ANSWER:B Require less oxygen than fats to release energy

164. The oxygen debt:

A Is always equal to the oxygen deficit in terms of oxygen quantities

B Should be wiped out by G8 countries

C Occurs at the commencement of exercise when insufficient oxygen to provide energy aerobically is available

D Sees PC being restored and LA being broken down

ANSWER:D Sees PC being restored and LA being broken down

165. Inorganic phosphates that result when PC is broken down to supply energy cause fatigue by:

A Reducing maximum cross-bridge forming forces

B Blocking the sarcoplamic reticulum mechanism and preventing muscular contractions

C Interfering with the Ca+ producing mechanism found in the mitochondria

D None of the above

ANSWER:A Reducing maximum cross-bridge forming forces

166. A disruption to glycolytic enzymes will lead to fatigue by:

A Increasing the reliance on fats as a fuel source

B Increasing the amount of LA that is produced due to anaerobic glycolysis

C Limiting the breakdown on glycogen to glucose and then resynthesis of ATP

D All of the above

ANSWER:C Limiting the breakdown on glycogen to glucose and then resynthesis of ATP

167. Flexibility is:

A An overall body phenomenon

B Joint specific

C Increased when muscles shorten

D Affected by bone density 

ANSWER:B Joint specific

168. A tennis player standing between the service line and net waiting to volley would need the following fitness component in trying try move quickly to get to a ball that clips, and just falls over the net:

A Agility

B Speed

C Flexibility

D Psychological Refractory Speed (PRS)

ANSWER:A Agility

169. The following data would give the best indication of energy system interplay during an analysed game of netball:

A Skill frequency

B Movement Patterns

C Heart Rate / Trace

D W:R ratio

ANSWER:C Heart Rate / Trace

170. Identify the energy system primarily responsible for delivery ATP during the 3rd High intensity effort

A The Aerobic system

B The lactacid system

C The alactacid system

D None of the above

ANSWER:B The lactacid system

171. When compared to maximal testing, sub-maximal testing is :

A More accurate

B Less accurate

C More expensive

D More time consuming

ANSWER:B Less accurate

172. The RAST (running based anaerobic sprint test) is a good indicator of:

A Speed

B Power

C PC restoration / Fatiguability

D All of the above

ANSWER:C PC restoration / Fatiguability

173. A 17 year old VCE P.E. student (male) who scores an 8% decrement in the PC recovery test would be rated as:

A Poor

B Below Average

C Average

D Very Good

ANSWER:D Very Good

174. The 20 m shuttle run (beep test) favours:

A People who aren’t deaf

B Athletes who run rather than cycle as their main activity

C People who have a high PC depletion tolerance

D People who are agile and able to turn around at the end of 20m quicker than everyone else

ANSWER:B Athletes who run rather than cycle as their main activity

175. Overload can be achieved by increasing the quality of training ~ this refers to increasing:

A The quality of the venue training occurs in

B Increasing the training intensity but still being specific to the game demands

C Training with an accredited coach

D None of the above

ANSWER:B Increasing the training intensity but still being specific to the game demands

176. The “law of diminishing returns” states that:

A The more training an athlete does the quicker improvements will occur

B Once a meso-cycle has been completed, an athlete needs to diminish training loads

C As fitness gains are made, athletes need to train at diminished intensities

D As an athlete improves as a result of training the gains will become smaller and smaller

ANSWER:D As an athlete improves as a result of training the gains will become smaller and smaller

177. The best example of a correct short interval training listed below is:

A 8 x 3 x 80 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:5

B 10 x 4 x 100 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:1

C 3 x 8 x 100 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:3

D None of the above

ANSWER:A 8 x 3 x 80 m runs with a w:r ratio of 1:5

178. “Overload in a Fartlek session can be achieved by:

A Increasing the frequency of the intense bursts

B Increasing the distance covered

C Running the same distance but with more hills included (in the same time)

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

179. Fixed load circuit training is:

A Better than individual time circuit training

B Simpler to use than individual load circuit training

C Highly specific to a person’s fitness level

D None of the above

ANSWER:B Simpler to use than individual load circuit training

180. Ballistic stretching is often used by gymnasts because:

A Movements are highly specific to the demands of competition

B They are highly trained

C They perform on shock absorbing floors

D All of the above

ANSWER:A Movements are highly specific to the demands of competition

181. In the following exercise / resistance prescription training ~ 4 x 3RM x 80kg, the 3RM represents the:

A Repetitions

B Sets

C Resistance Module

D Weight that can only be worked with 3 times during a particular exercise / movement

ANSWER:D Weight that can only be worked with 3 times during a particular exercise / movement

182. Swiss ball training primarily develops:

A Flexibility

B Core stability

C LME

D None of the above

ANSWER:B Core stability

183. A warm-up:

A Increases muscle temperature

B Prepares players for the activity they are about to participate in (physically & mentally)

C Increases flow of blood and fuels to working muscles

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

184. To achieve maximum fitness gains, increased work / loading needs to occur at:

A The highest point in the undercompensation phase

B The lowest point in the overcompensation phase

C The highest point in the overcompensation phase

D The lowest point in the undercompensation phase

ANSWER:C The highest point in the overcompensation phase

185. When no training adaptations result the athlete will:

A Need to carefully consider using illegal performance enhancing practices

B Experience a plateau

C Need to taper and reduce training loads

D Most likely look for another coach or trainer

ANSWER:B Experience a plateau

186. Aerobic training results in:

A Increased capillarisation

B Increased oxidative enzymes

C Increased numbers of mitochondria

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

187. The following is most likely to result from participation in an aerobic training program lasting 12+ months:

A Increased ventricle size

B Decreased plasma volume

C Decreased maximal heart rate

D Decreased a-VO2 difference

ANSWER:A Increased ventricle size

188. The arterio-venous oxygen difference is:

A Greater at sub-maximal levels when compared to maximal levels

B An indirect measure of how much oxygen muscles are using

C A direct measure of how much oxygen muscles are using

D None of the above

ANSWER:C A direct measure of how much oxygen muscles are using

189. Aerobic training has the following effect on tidal volume:

A Increases

B Decreases

C Remains relatively unchanged

D None of the above

ANSWER:A Increases

190. Long interval training will result in the following chronic changes to slow twitch muscle fibres:

A Increased “redness”

B Increased oxidative enzymes

C Increased contraction speed

D Increased myosin ATPase

ANSWER:B Increased oxidative enzymes

191. Overtraining can be treated by :

A Learning self-regulation skills

B Regenerative strategies such as massage and breathing techniques

C Allowing adequate recovery/rest time

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

192. Risk management includes:

A: Risk Identification

B: Risk Reduction

C: Risk Avoidance

D: All of the above

ANSWER:D: All of the above

193. Risk management includes:

A Appointing a manager who is prepared to take risks

B Increasing the risk so the rewards are potentially greater

C Identifying hazards and controlling associated risk

D Establishing contextual problem solving approach

ANSWER:C Identifying hazards and controlling associated risk

194. Coaches might avoid risks associated with the team they are training by:

A Ensuring all players are involved in warm-up and warm-down sessions

B Attending regular re-accreditation meetings

C Using qualified support staff

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above

195. The following is an example of risk management to reduce injuries:

A Adopting a “no pain no gain” understanding amongst all players to build unity

B Having mixed ability levels playing together in an open competition to encourage improvement

C Codes of behaviour and conduct for players, coaches and officials

D Encouraging immediate return to playing to avoid losing conditioning following an injury

ANSWER:C Codes of behaviour and conduct for players, coaches and officials

196. Stress inoculation training enhances performance by:

A Promoting arousal

B Reducing arousal

C Enhancing arousal

D None of the above

ANSWER:B Reducing arousal

197. Creatine supplementation enhances performance by:

A Increasing PC resynthesis during recovery

B Buffering H+ ions under anaerobic exercise conditions

C Promoting DVT ( Dilated Venous Transferral)

D All of the above

ANSWER:A Increasing PC resynthesis during recovery

198. Isotonic drinks are favoured by many athletes because they:

A Provide the body with better muscle tone

B Are absorbed quicker than water

C Provide a balance between rehydration and refuelling

D All of the above

ANSWER:C Provide a balance between rehydration and refuelling

199. “Choking” leads to performance deterioration due to:

A Decreased ability to shift attention foci

B Shifting focus to internal and narrow

C Negative self-talk

D All of the above

ANSWER:D All of the above