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Malaysian Criteria and Indicators for Forest Plantation Management Certification

As the National Governing Body (NGB) for the Malaysian Timber Certification Scheme (MTCS), the

Malaysian Timber Certification Council (MTCC) is responsible for facilitating the development and

publication of certification standards used under the MTCS.

The MC&I Forest Plantation.v2 was formulated by the Standards Review Committee (SRC) for the

review of the MC&I(Forest Plantations). The MC&I Forest Plantation.v2 was adopted by the MTCC

Board of Trustees on 19 December 2014.

MTCC wishes to thank and acknowledge the contribution and commitment of the expert individuals

through their representation in the SRC, as well as all the stakeholders who had actively participated in

the review process by providing their inputs and comments which have been valuable towards the

successful development and finalisation of this standard.

-----------------------------------------------------

MTCC welcomes any suggestion for improvement of the standard and encourages readers to notify us

immediately of any apparent inaccuracy or ambiguity. You can contact us via email at

[email protected] or write to us at Malaysian Timber Certification Council, C-08-05, Block C, Megan

Avenue 2, No. 12, Jalan Yap Kwan Seng, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

PUBLISHED BY:

Malaysian Timber Certification Council

Unit C-8-5, Block C, Megan Avenue 2

No. 12 Jalan Yap Kwan Seng

50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

© 2015 Malaysian Timber Certification Council

All rights reserved.

ISBN 978-983-44979

mailto:[email protected]

MALAYSIAN TIMBER CERTIFICATION

SCHEME MC&I-FP 2/2014

Normative Document

16 February 2015

(Publication date)

MC&I Forest Plantation.v2

Malaysian Timber Certification Council

C-08-05, Block C, Megan Avenue II

No.12, Jalan Yap Kwan Seng

50450, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Tel: +60 (0)3 2161 2298, Fax: +60 (0)03 2161 2293

E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.mtcc.com.my

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.mtcc.com.my/

Document name : MC&I Forest Plantation.v2

Document title : MC&I-FP 2/2014

Approved by : MTCC Board of Trustees Date : 19 December 2014

Publication date : 16 February 2015

Application date

(Date of entry into

force)

: 1 July 2015

i

Preface

The MC&I Forest Plantation.v2 is the outcome of the deliberations by the Standards Review

Committee (SRC), a technical committee comprising of experts who represent the various stakeholders

in the review of the MC&I(Forest Plantations) standard that was formulated in 2009. The MC&I(Forest

Plantations) has been reviewed in light of stakeholder expectations, new scientific and technological

information, changes to international norms for sustainable forest management and the MTCS

requirement for the periodic review of certification standards.

The standard is intended for voluntary application to any forest plantation or planted forest area that

is being managed for the production of timber and forest services. Certification to the standard is a

call to forest plantation managers to subscribe to environmental, economic and social criteria and

indicators that support the sustainable management of plantation forests, as well as a response to

market demand that the wood in the timber products originate from well managed plantation forests.

It can be utilised by forest plantation managers who are seeking independent and accredited third-

party certification of their forest plantation management system and practices. The standard aims to

support and strengthen policies and regulations that deliver improved environmental, economic and

social outcomes.

Independent and accredited third-party certification against the MC&I Forest Plantation.v2 provides a

clear and unambiguous statement that the defined forest plantation management unit (FPMU) is

managed in accordance with a set of predetermined and clearly defined environmental, economic and

social performance criteria and indicators.

ii

Table of Content

Preface i

Abbreviation iii

Introduction 1

Background 1

Review Process 2

Establishment of SRC and Development of Standard 2

Use of the Standard 3

MC&I Forest Plantations.v2 5

Principle 1: Compliance with Laws and Principles 6

Principle 2: Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities 9

Principle 3: Indigenous Peoples’ Rights 11

Principle 4: Community Relations and Worker’s Rights 13

Principle 5: Benefits from the Forest 16

Principle 6: Environmental Impact 18

Principle 7: Management Plan 23

Principle 8: Monitoring and Assessment 24

Principle 9: Maintenance of High Conservation Value (HCV) 25

Principle 10: Forest Plantation Development and Management 27

Definitions 30

Appendix 1: Members of the Standards Review Committee (SRC) 35

iii

Abbreviation

AEC Agreement of Environmental Conditions

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

ECR Environmental Compliance Report

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMR Environmental Monitoring Report

FPMU Forest Plantation Management Unit

HCV High Conservation Value

ILO International Labour Organisation

ITTA International Tropical Timber Agreement

JPSM Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia (Forestry Department Peninsular

Malaysia)

MC&I Malaysian Criteria and Indicators

MTCC Malaysian Timber Certification Council

MTCS Malaysian Timber Certification Scheme

SRC Standards Review Committee

1


Introduction

The MC&I Forest Plantation.v2 supersedes the MC&I(Forest Plantations) as the Malaysian standard for

forest plantation management certification under the MTCS. The Standard elaborates the criteria and

indicators to assess a designated forest plantation management unit (FPMU) for the purpose of

certification. The elaboration of the requirements is based on scientific knowledge and practical

experience, and is structured around ten principles as follows:

i. Compliance with laws and principles

ii. Tenure and use rights and responsibilities

iii. Indigenous peoples’ rights

iv. Community relations and worker’s rights

v. Benefits from the forest

vi. Environmental impact

vii. Management plan

viii. Monitoring and assessment

ix. Maintenance of high conservation value

x. Plantation development.

The MTCS subscribes to the rule of good governance that maintains impartiality, independence and

transparency in the development and implementation of the Standard. This is achieved through the

open participation of various stakeholders in the standard development process, and involvement of

the competent national accreditation authority, i.e. STANDARDS MALAYSIA, and independent

accredited certification bodies in the implementation of the Standard.

Background

In accordance with international practice and the Rules on Standard Setting Process for Development

of Timber Certification Standards under the MTCS, it is required that a certification standard be

reviewed at an interval of not more than five years. This is to ensure continuous improvement to the

standard, keeping abreast of the latest developments in forestry science, technology and management

system, so that the standard can be kept current and relevant.

The MC&I(Forest Plantations) was adopted for use under the MTCS in 2009, and hence warranting a

review of the standard to be concluded by 2014.

The schedule and process of the review was approved by the MTCC Board of Trustees on

26 September 2012, which paved the way for the commencement of the review process in January

2013 and culminated in its conclusion and adoption in December 2014. The following section provides

a summary of the review process in chronological order.

2

Review Process

All the stakeholders identified during a stakeholder mapping exercise were made aware on the

commencement of the review of the MC&I(Forest Plantations) through an announcement which

outlined the background, process and timelines for the review. This was followed by the first public

comment period which ran from 15 January to 16 March 2013. The 60-day period, which was

extended to 1 April 2013 to accommodate the requests from a few stakeholder groups, resulted in the

receipt of comments and proposals from 14 organisations, as follows:

i. Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia

ii. Labour Department Sarawak

iii. Department of Environment Sabah

iv. Malaysian Trade Union Congress Sarawak Division

v. Iskandar Regional Development Authority

vi. KTS Forests Management Sdn. Bhd.

vii. Labour Department Peninsular Malaysia

viii. Wildlife Conservation Society (Malaysia Program)

ix. Malaysian Nature Society (Penang Branch)

x. Zedtee Sdn. Bhd.

xi. Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia

xii. Department of Environment Sarawak

xiii. Sarawak Timber Association

xiv. WWF-Malaysia

Establishment of the SRC and Development of the Standard

A multi-stakeholder Standards Review Committee (SRC) was established to serve as the working

committee with the overall responsibility for the review of the MC&I(Forest Plantations). The SRC

comprised of representatives who had been nominated and elected by their respective stakeholder

groups, i.e. the social, environmental and economic stakeholder groups, and the relevant government

agencies, from Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia. The social stakeholder group was further

divided into two specific interest groups, namely indigenous peoples and workers unions, in view of

the different interests they represent. The full list of the SRC members is shown in Appendix 1. The

formation of the SRC was facilitated by MTCC, which served as the Secretariat for the SRC.

The first meeting of the SRC was held on 26 – 28 August 2013 in Kuala Lumpur to deliberate on the

comments received during the first public comment period, and resulted in the formulation of the

Enquiry Draft 1 of the revised standard. The Enquiry Draft 1 was subjected to a second public

comment period from 1 – 31 December 2013 (31 days). Comments and proposals were received from

four organisations, as follows:

i. Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia

ii. Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia

iii. Sabah Forestry Department

iv. WWF-Malaysia

3

The comments and proposals received were consolidated and considered by the second meeting of

the SRC held on 12 – 13 February 2014 in Kuching, and resulted in the Enquiry Draft 2. This draft was

presented to the stakeholders during a series of regional stakeholder consultations held in Kuching (8

April 2014), Kota Kinabalu (10 April 2014) and Kuala Lumpur (15 April 2014). The consultations were

held as an outreach activity, as well as to provide an opportunity to the various stakeholders to meet,

obtain clarification and provide further comments and feedback on the Enquiry Draft 2.

The inputs and feedback received from the three regional stakeholder consultations were deliberated

at the third meeting of the SRC, which was held on 7 – 9 July 2014 in Kota Kinabalu, and resulted in

the formulation of the Enquiry Draft 3. This draft was then subjected to the third and final public

comment period (60 days) held from 25 July to 22 September 2014. Eight organisations provided

further comments and proposals on the Enquiry Draft 3, as follows:

i. Malaysian Wood Industries Association

ii. WWF-Malaysia

iii. Sabah Forestry Department

iv. Wildlife Conservation Society (Malaysia Program)

v. Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia

vi. Sarawak Forestry Corporation

vii. Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Sabah

viii. United Sabah Dusun Association

The comments and proposals received were considered by the fourth meeting of the SRC held on

29 – 31 October 2014 in Seremban in finalising the revised standard. The Meeting adopted the revised

standard as the MC&I Forest Plantation.v2, which was subsequently adopted by the 61st meeting of

the MTCC Board of Trustees on 19 December 2014, as the standard for the certification of forest

plantations under the MTCS.

Use of the Standard

The MC&I Forest Plantation.v2 is intended for voluntary application to any forest plantation or planted

forest area regardless of its size or ownership (public or private). Forest plantation management

certification to the Standard will only be awarded following a successful audit undertaken by an

independent third party certification body accredited to STANDARDS MALAYSIA. A certificate will be

valid for three years, with surveillance audits undertaken annually to ensure continued compliance to

the requirements of the Standard. If required, verification audits may be undertaken to address any

major concern raised in-between surveillance audits.

The Standard has been designed to support and strengthen the regulatory framework within which

the forest plantation managers operate, where compliance with legislation is a minimum requirement.

It’s set of requirements support the achievement of sustainable management of forest plantations

which may involve going beyond the legal minimum to fulfil the social, environmental and economic

aspects of certification.

4

The Standard relates to the management operations and activities within the defined forest plantation

area, which is referred to as the forest plantation management unit (FPMU), and in relation to product

chain of custody. In addition, certain off-site effects of forest plantation management including

impacts on adjacent local communities and environments are addressed in the Standard. It also sets

out specific forest plantation management performance requirements for operations and activities in

the FPMU and establishes a systematic approach to forest plantation management, including the

requirements for stakeholder engagement.

The Standard has been designed to be compatible with the relevant national and international policy

instruments and for implementation by forest plantation managers at the local and regional level. The

regional-specific distinctions are elaborated in the Verifiers. However, apart from the regional-specific

Verifiers, the Standard does not set site-specific requirements for any particular forest type,

community or individual operation. There are also requirements for conducting research, monitoring

and evaluation of the outcomes in relation to the forest plantation management activities and their

social and environmental impacts.

Forest plantation owners or managers can form groups that can be certified to the requirements of

this Standard under the concept of group certification. A supporting guidance document for

application of group forest management system certification is available.

The Standard is a normative document. Guidance or interpretation documents may be issued from

time to time to provide additional clarification on the requirements of the Standard.

This page is intentionally left blank.

6


Principle

1 Compliance with Laws and Principles

Forest plantation management shall respect all applicable laws of Malaysia and international treaties and

agreements to which Malaysia is a signatory, and comply with all the Principles and Criteria contained herein.

Criterion

1.1 Forest plantation management shall respect all federal and state laws and administrative requirements.

Indicator

1.1.1

Records and availability of up-to-date relevant federal and state laws, regulations and policies, in particular those related to

forest plantation management.

Verifier Peninsular Malaysia

Federal Laws

Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954

Biosafety Act 2007

Employees’ Social Security Act 1969

Employees’ Social Security

(General) Regulations, 1971

Employment Act 1955

Employees Provident Fund Act 1991

Environmental Quality Act 1974

Environmental Quality (Prescribed

Activities) (Environmental Impact

Assessment) Order 1987

Environmental Quality (Scheduled

Wastes) Regulations 2005

Factories and Machineries Act 1967

Federal Constitution

Immigration Act 1959/63

Industrial Relations Act 1967

International Trade in Endangered

Species Act 2008

Malaysian Quarantine Inspection

Services Act 2011

Minimum Retirement Age Act 2012

National Forestry Act 1984

National Land Code, 1965

National Wages Consultative Council

Act 2011

Minimum Wages Order 2012

Occupational Safety and Health Act

1994

Plant Quarantine Act 1976

Trade Unions Act 1959

Waters Act 1920

Wildlife Conservation Act 2010

Workmen’s Compensation Act 1952

State Laws

State Forest Enactments

State Forest Rules

State Ordinances related to

protection of wildlife

Sabah

Federal Laws

Biosafety Act 2007













Species Act 2008



Act 2011



1994




State Laws

All adat recognised and enforceable

by the Native Courts, including

relevant decisions of the Civil Courts

Cultural Heritage (Conservation)

Enactment 1997

Environment Protection Enactment

2002

Environment Protection

(Prescribed Activities)

(Environmental Impact


Forest Enactment, 1968

Forest Rules, 1969

Interpretation (Definition of Native)

Sarawak

Federal Laws

Biosafety Act 2007













Species Act 2008



Act 2011



1994




State Laws

Forests Ordinance, 1954 (Cap. 126)

Forest Rules, 1962

The Forests (Planted Forests)

Rules, 1997

Interpretation Ordinance (Cap. 61)

Labour Ordinance, 1952 (Sarawak

Cap. 76)

Land Code, 1958 (Cap. 81)

Native Courts Ordinance, 1992

Native Courts Rules, 1993

Natural Resources and Environment

Ordinance, 1993 (Cap. 84)

Natural Resources and

Environment (Prescribed Activities)

7

Policies

National Elephant Conservation

Action Plan

National Forestry Policy, 1978

National Physical Plan-2, 2010

National Policy on Biological

Diversity, 1998

National Policy on Climate Change,

2009

National Policy on Environment,

2002

National Tiger Conservation Action

Plan, 2008-2020

National Timber Industry Policy,

2009-2020

Ordinance (Sabah Cap. 64)

Labour Ordinance (Sabah Cap. 67)

Land Ordinance, 1930 (Sabah Cap.

68)

Native Courts Enactment 1992

Native Court (Native Customary

Laws) Rules 1995

Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000

Sabah State Constitution

Sabah Water Resources Enactment

1998

Wildlife Conservation Enactment

1997

Policies

Elephant Action Plan, 2012-2016


Diversity, 1998


2009


2002

Orangutan Action Plan, 2012-2016

Rhinoceros Action Plan, 2012-2016

Sabah Forestry Policy, 2005

Order, 1994


Environment (Fire Danger Rating

System) Order, 2004

Sarawak Biodiversity Centre

Ordinance, 1997

Sarawak Biodiversity Regulations,

2004

Sarawak Cultural Heritage Ordinance,

1993

Sarawak Rivers Ordinance, 1993

(Cap. 4)

Sarawak State Constitution

Water Ordinance, 1994

Wild Life Protection Ordinance, 1998

(Cap. 26)

Wild Life Protection Rules, 1998

All customary laws/adat laws codified

under the Native Customs

(Declaration) Ordinance, 1996, and

any other established customs of the

communities recognised and

enforceable by the Native Courts

under the Native Courts Ordinance,

1992 and the Native Courts Rules,

1993

Decisions of the Civil Courts

pertaining to legal or customary

tenure or use rights

Policies

A Master Plan for Wildlife in Sarawak


Diversity, 1998


2009


2002

Orangutan Strategic Action Plan:

Trans-boundary Biodiversity

Conservation Area

Statement of Forest Policy, 1954

Indicator

1.1.2 Forest plantation managers are aware/ knowledgeable of the relevant federal and state laws, administrative requirements,

and the regulatory framework for management of forest plantations.

Verifier Peninsular Malaysia / Sabah / Sarawak

Records and outcomes of interview with Forest Plantation Manager on the relevant federal and state laws, administrative

requirements and the regulatory framework, as well as conducting field observations

Indicator

1.1.3 Records are kept of violations and actions taken to address them.


Records of offences and actions taken

8

Criterion

1.2 All applicable and legally prescribed fees, royalties, taxes, and other charges shall be paid.

Indicator

1.2.1 Availability of current list of all legally prescribed fees, royalties, taxes, and other charges.

Verifier

Peninsular Malaysia / Sabah / Sarawak

List of rent and fees payable, royalty structure and rates

Indicator

1.2.2 Records are kept of all payments made.

Verifier


Records of payments made

Criterion

1.3 The provisions of all binding international agreements such as CITES, ILO Conventions, ITTA, and Convention on

Biological Diversity, shall be respected.

Indicator

1.3.1 Forest plantation managers are aware of international agreements binding to Malaysia relevant to forest plantation

management.


Records and outcomes of interviews with forest plantation manager on the binding international agreements related to

forest plantation management

Where relevant, provisions related to forest plantation management of the following binding international agreements are

reflected in forest plantation management plan and respected in forest plantation management:

ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, 2002

Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992

o Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, 1971

Core International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2007

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992

Criterion

1.4 Conflicts between laws, regulations and these Principles and Criteria shall be evaluated for the purposes of

certification, on a case by case basis, by the certifiers and the involved or affected parties.

Indicator

1.4.1 Availability of documentation of any conflicts between laws, regulations and these Principles and Criteria.

Verifier


Records of evaluation of conflicts between laws, regulations and these Principles and Criteria

Indicator

1.4.2 Forest plantation managers are willing to participate in any process to resolve such conflicts that may arise with the affected

parties.

Verifier


Records (minutes, diaries, etc.) of forest plantation manager’s participation in resolving such conflicts

Criterion

1.5 Forest plantation management unit shall be protected from illegal harvesting, settlement and other unauthorised

activities.

Indicator

1.5.1 Availability of legal provisions for the establishment and protection of forest plantation management unit.

Verifier

Compliance with the following through record of monitoring:

Peninsular Malaysia


National Land Code 1965


Sabah

Forest Enactment 1968

Forest Rules 1969

Interpretation (Definition of Native)

Sarawak

Forests Ordinance, 1954 (Cap. 126)

Forest Rules, 1962

The Forests (Planted Forests) Rules,

9



State Forest Rules

State Ordinances related to

protection of wildlife

Ordinance (Sabah Cap. 64)

Land Ordinance 1930 (Sabah Cap.

68)


1997

Sustainable Forest Management

Licence Agreement / Long Term

Timber Licence Agreement




1997



Wild Life Protection Ordinance, 1998

(Cap. 26)

Wild Life Protection Rules, 1998

All customary laws / adat laws

codified under the Native Customs







1993




Indicator

1.5.2 Control of encroachment, illegal harvesting, hunting, fishing and settlement, and other unauthorised activities in the Forest

Plantation Management Unit.

Verifier


Records of monitoring and actions taken

Criterion

1.6 Forest plantation managers shall demonstrate a long-term commitment to adhere to the Principles and Criteria

contained in this Standard.

Indicator

1.6.1 Availability of policies or statements of commitment to forest plantation management practices consistent with these

Principles and Criteria.


Written policies or statements of such commitment

Indicator

1.6.2 Policies or statements are communicated throughout the organisation and contractors, and are made available to the public.

Verifier


Records of staff briefings

Relevant statements in contractual agreements

Policy statement made available to the public / stakeholders

Principle

2 Tenure and Use Rights and Responsibilities

Long-term tenure and use rights to the land and forest resources shall be clearly defined, documented and legally

established.

Criterion

2.1 Clear evidence of long-term forest use rights to the land (e.g. land title, customary rights, or leased agreements) shall

be demonstrated.

Indicator

2.1.1 Availability of documentation of legal status, and established forest use rights of the land or forest resources within the

relevant federal and state legal frameworks for the forest plantation areas.



Concessionaire and/or lease

agreements


Land title

Records of alienation and use rights


Sabah



68)

Land title

Occupation Permit



Sarawak

Forests Ordinance 1954 (Cap. 126)


Land Code 1958 (Cap. 81)

Land title

Licence for Planted Forests



10








(Declaration) Ordinance 1996, and




under the Native Courts Ordinance

1992 and the Native Courts Rules

1993




Indicator

2.1.2 Forest plantation managers shall support legally recognised mechanisms for resolving land claims.


Records of participation in the resolution of land claims within Forest Plantation Management Unit

Criterion

2.2 Local communities with legal or customary tenure or use rights shall maintain control, to the extent necessary to

protect their rights or resources, over forest operations unless they delegate control with free, prior and informed

consent to other agencies.

Indicator

2.2.1 Availability of documentation of legal or customary tenure or use rights of local communities within relevant federal and

state legal frameworks, and customary laws for the forest plantation areas.







State Forest Rules

Contractual agreement with local

communities with legal or customary

tenure or use rights for use of land

Sabah


Forest Rules, 1969


68)

Established Native Customary Rights

Relevant decisions of the Civil Courts





communities of legal or customary





Sarawak




(Declaration) Ordinance 1996, and






1993




Notification in Sarawak Government

Gazette

Licence for Planted Forests


communities with legal or customary


Forest Plantation Management Plan

Indicator

2.2.2 Forest plantation managers shall collaborate with holders of duly recognised legal or customary tenure or use rights within

relevant federal and state legal frameworks and customary laws, in activities that may affect such rights.

Verifier Peninsular Malaysia / Sabah

Records of consultations held with the local communities /

indigenous peoples to identify and document areas

traditionally used and sites of significant importance to

them, if any (e.g. cultural, religious sites, water intake

point)

Records of actions taken to protect the identified sites of

significant importance, if any (e.g. cultural, religious sites,

water intake point)

Records of such collaboration, including participation in

the resolution of land claims, if any

Sarawak


Records of consultations held with the local communities /

indigenous peoples to identify and document areas

traditionally used and sites of significant importance to

them, if any (e.g. cultural, religious sites, water intake

point)

Records of actions taken to protect the identified sites of

significant importance, if any (e.g. cultural, religious sites,

water intake point)

Records of such collaboration, including participation in

the resolution of land claims, if any

11

Criterion

2.3 Appropriate mechanisms shall be employed to resolve disputes over tenure claims and use rights.

The circumstances and status of any outstanding disputes will be explicitly considered in the certification evaluation.

Disputes of substantial magnitude involving a significant number of interests will normally disqualify an operation

from being certified.

Indicator

2.3.1 Availability of appropriate mechanisms to resolve disputes over tenure claims and use rights.


Records of decisions of Civil Courts

Records of direct negotiations or arbitration and

outcomes

Records of disputes over tenure and use rights are

maintained

Sabah / Sarawak

Records of decisions of Civil Courts

Records of decisions of Native Courts

Records of outcomes of direct negotiations or arbitration

Records of disputes over tenure and use rights are

maintained

Principle

3 Indigenous Peoples’ Rights

The legal and customary rights of indigenous peoples to own, use and manage their lands, territories, and resources

shall be recognised and respected.

Criterion

3.1 Indigenous peoples shall control forest management on their lands and territories unless they delegate control with

free, prior and informed consent to other agencies.

Indicator

3.1.1 Availability of documentation of the customary rights of indigenous peoples’ lands within relevant federal and state legal

frameworks, and customary laws.





Records of aboriginal lands under

the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954

Records of consultation with the

aborigines

Sabah


68)

Established native customary rights

Relevant decisions of the Civil Courts

Plantation Development Plan

Records of consultations with the

natives




Sarawak



Notification in Sarawak Government

Gazette









1993




License for Planted Forests

Records of consultations with the

natives

Indicator

3.1.2 Management of such lands is controlled by indigenous peoples unless they delegate control with free, prior and informed

consent to other agencies.


Records of delegation of power through consensus by indigenous peoples

Indicator

3.1.3 Availability of appropriate mechanisms to resolve any conflicts and grievances between parties involved.


Records of conflicts and grievances between parties

involved concerning their legal and customary rights

within the Forest Plantation Management Unit

Records of decisions of Civil Courts concerning their legal

and customary rights within the Forest Plantation

Management Unit

Sabah / Sarawak

Records of conflicts and grievances between parties

involved concerning their legal and customary rights

within the Forest Plantation Management Unit

Records of decisions of Civil Courts / Native Courts

concerning their legal and customary rights within the

Forest Plantation Management Unit

12

Records of direct negotiations or arbitration concerning

their legal and customary rights within the Forest

Plantation Management Unit and outcomes

Records of outcomes of direct negotiations or arbitration

concerning their legal and customary rights within the

Forest Plantation Management Unit and outcomes

Criterion

3.2 Forest plantation management shall not threaten or diminish, either directly or indirectly, the resources or tenure

rights of indigenous peoples.

Indicator

3.2.1 Forest plantation management practices on indigenous peoples’ lands recognised within relevant federal and state legal

frameworks shall not threaten or diminish, either directly or indirectly, their resources or tenure rights.


List of species / resources used by

indigenous peoples within the Forest

Plantation Management Unit as

identified through the Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) and High

Conservation Value (HCV)

assessment process

Preventive and mitigation measures

incorporated into Forest Plantation

Management Plan

Recognition of resources or tenure

rights of indigenous peoples as

provided for under the Aboriginal

Peoples Act 1954

Sabah





68)




identified through the EIA and HCV

assessment process





incorporated into Plantation

Development Plan

Sarawak

License for Planted Forests




identified through the EIA and HCV

assessment process


incorporated into Forest Plantation

Management Plan

Recognition of tenure and resource-

based rights under established laws

Criterion

3.3 Sites of special cultural, ecological, economic or religious significance to indigenous peoples shall be clearly

identified in cooperation with such peoples, and recognised and protected by forest managers.

Indicator

3.3.1 Availability of appropriate procedures within current administrative processes for identifying and protecting such sites and

provisions for rights of access to these sites by indigenous peoples within relevant federal and state legal frameworks or by

mutual agreement.


Forest Plantation Management Plan*

List and maps depicting locations of important cultural, ecological, economic or religious sites in the forest plantation area

to be certified

Procedures for identifying and protecting sites of special cultural, ecological, economic or religious significance to

indigenous peoples and provisions for rights of access to these sites

Records of dialogue and consultation with local communities and other relevant stakeholders

Indicator

3.3.2 Availability of appropriate mechanisms for conflict resolution.


Decision of Civil Court

Records of arbitration

Records of dialogue and consultation held with indigenous

people and relevant stakeholders, if any

Sabah / Sarawak

Decisions of Native Courts and Civil Courts

Records of arbitration

Records of dialogue and consultation held with natives

and relevant stakeholders, if any

Criterion

3.4 Indigenous peoples shall be compensated for the application of their traditional knowledge regarding the use of

forest species or management systems in forest plantation operations.

This compensation shall be formally agreed upon with their free, prior and informed consent before forest

operations commence.

Indicator

3.4.1 Availability of documentation, if any, of traditional forest-related knowledge and practices of indigenous peoples in the use

of forest species or management systems in forest plantation operations.

* For Sabah, the term “Forest Plantation Management Plan” refers to “Plantation Development Plan”.

13


Records of any traditional forest-related knowledge and practices of indigenous peoples used in forest plantation

operations

Records of consultation with indigenous peoples

Indicator

3.4.2 Availability of appropriate mechanisms and compensation for the commercial utilisation of traditional forest-related

knowledge and practices of indigenous people in accordance with existing legislation or by mutual agreement.

Verifier


Documentation of appropriate mechanisms for consultation and fair and equitable compensation through mutual

agreement, for the commercial utilisation of traditional forest-related knowledge and practices of indigenous peoples

Principle

4 Community Relations and Worker’s Rights

Forest plantation management operations shall maintain or enhance the long-term social and economic well-being

of forest workers and local communities.

Criterion

4.1 The communities within, or adjacent to, the forest plantation management unit shall be given opportunities for

employment, training, and other services.

Indicator

4.1.1 Forest plantation managers provide, where appropriate, support for training, retraining, local infrastructure, facilities and

social programmes commensurate with the scale and intensity of forest plantation management operations.

Verifier Peninsular Malaysia / Sarawak


Records of training, retraining, local infrastructure, facilities

and social programmes provided

Sabah


Sustainable Forest Management Licence Agreement /

Long Term Timber Licence Agreement

Records of training, retraining, local infrastructure,

facilities and social programmes provided

Indicator

4.1.2 Qualified people in communities living within, or adjacent to forest plantation areas are given preference for employment

and contract works.


Contract records

Documentation of management commitment

Employment records

Records of efforts to recruit workers from local communities

Training records

Indicator

4.1.3 Forest plantation managers shall not employ or be involved in the employment of illegal immigrants.

Verifier Peninsular Malaysia / Sarawak


Employment records

Sabah


Employment records

Certificate of identity

Criterion

4.2 Forest plantation management shall meet or exceed all applicable laws and / or regulations covering health and

safety of employees and their families.

Indicator

4.2.1 Up-to-date information on all applicable laws and / or regulations covering occupational safety and health of forest

plantation workers shall be disseminated to them.


Guidelines on occupational safety

and health in logging operations

Records of dissemination of safety

and health information in

accordance with the requirements of

Sabah

Director’s Circular FD 07/2013 - Use

of Weedicides and Pesticides




Sarawak




and health information in accordance

with the requirements of the

14

the following:

Employees Provident Fund Act

1991

Employees’ Social Security Act

1969

‐ Employees’ Social Security

(General) Regulations 1971

Factories and Machineries Act

1967

Occupational Safety and Health

Act 1994

Workmen’s Compensation Act

1952

and health information in


the following:


1991


1969




1967

Labour Ordinance (Sabah) Cap. 67)


Act 1994


1952

following:


1991


1969




1967


Cap. 76)


Act 1994


1952

Indicator

4.2.2 Availability of management policies addressing the occupational safety and health of forest plantation workers and their

families with current legislation and / or regulations.

Verifier


Establishment of Safety and Health Committees in accordance with Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 – Sections 30

and 31

Employment of Safety and Health Officer in accordance with Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 – Section 29

Statement of policy on occupational safety and health in accordance with Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 –

Section 16

Indicator

4.2.3 Appropriate safety and operational equipment in good working condition, including operational procedures, shall be made

available to forest plantation workers in the work place.


Records of equipment and maintenance

Operational procedures made available in the work place

Minutes of Safety and Health Committee meetings

Indicator

4.2.4 Forest plantation managers shall maintain up-to-date safety records in compliance with all applicable laws and / or

regulations covering health and safety of forest plantation workers.

Verifier


Minutes of Safety and Health Committee meetings

Safety and health records of forest plantation workers and summary of records

Indicator

4.2.5 Demarcation of hazardous areas and provision of guidelines for storage and handling of hazardous materials.


Guidelines for storage and handling of hazardous materials in accordance with the requirements of the following:

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000

Hazardous areas clearly demarcated with proper signage

Criterion

4.3 The rights of workers to organise and voluntarily negotiate with their employers shall be guaranteed as outlined in

Conventions 87 and 98 of the International Labour Organization (ILO).

Indicator

4.3.1 Provisions for forest plantation workers to freely organise into unions of their own choice in accordance with ILO Convention

No. 87.


ILO Convention No. 87 – The

Freedom of Association and

Protection of the Right to Organise

Convention, 1948


Employment Act 1955


Sabah




Convention, 1948




Sarawak




Convention, 1948




15

Trade Unions Act 1959 Trade Unions Act 1959 Cap. 76)


Indicator

4.3.2 Provisions for forest plantation workers the right to organise and undertake collective bargaining leading to agreements in

accordance with ILO Convention No. 98.


ILO Convention No. 98 – The Right

to Organise and Collective

Bargaining Convention, 1949 [taking

cognisance of ILO Convention No.

100 (Convention Concerning Equal

Remuneration for Men and Women

Workers of Equal Value) & ILO

Convention No. 111 (Convention

Concerning Discrimination in

Respect of Employment and

Occupation)]

Record of number of workers

covered by Collective Agreement

Employment Act 1955



Sabah











Occupation)]






Sarawak











Occupation)]





Cap. 76)


Indicator

4.3.3 Availability of appropriate procedures to address grievances raised by forest plantation workers and / or their organisations

and for conflict resolution.


Procedures to address grievances

and for conflict resolution in


the following:

Code of Conduct for Industrial

Harmony, 1975

Employment Act 1955


Records of fora (e.g. Minutes of joint

employer-employee meetings) for

participation to resolve grievances

Sabah




the following:


Harmony, 1975


Labour Ordinance, (Sabah Cap. 67)




Sarawak




the following:


Harmony, 1975


Labour Ordinance, (Sarawak Cap.

76)




Criterion

4.4 Management planning and operations shall incorporate the results of evaluations of social impact.

Consultations shall be maintained with people and groups (both men and women) directly affected by management

operations.

Indicator

4.4.1 Forest plantation managers shall evaluate, through consultations, social impact of forest plantation management operations

directly affecting communities, and the people and groups directly affected by the forest plantation management operations

shall have access to information on the results of the social impact evaluations.


Records of meetings and / or consultations between forest plantation manager and affected local communities

Report on social impact assessment

Indicator

4.4.2 Forest plantation planning and management practices shall consider and incorporate the results of such evaluations.



16

Criterion

4.5 Appropriate mechanisms shall be employed for resolving grievances and for providing fair compensation in the case

of loss or damage affecting the legal or customary rights, property, resources, or livelihoods of local peoples.

Measures shall be taken to avoid such loss or damage.

Indicator

4.5.1 Provisions and measures within relevant federal and state legal frameworks shall be taken to prevent loss or damage

affecting the local people’s legal or customary rights, property, resources, or their livelihoods.




Records of meetings and / or consultations between forest plantation manager and affected local communities

Indicator

4.5.2 Appropriate mechanisms within relevant federal and state legal frameworks are employed to resolve grievances involving

loss or damage affecting the local people’s legal or customary rights, property, resources, or their livelihoods, caused by

forest plantation management operations.


Records of consultation and negotiation and outcomes

Records of outcomes of arbitration

Records of decisions by Courts of Law

Principle 5

Benefits from the Forest

Forest plantation management operations shall encourage the efficient use of the forest’s multiple products and

services to ensure economic viability and a wide range of environmental and social benefits.

Criterion

5.1 Forest plantation management shall strive toward economic viability, while taking into account the full

environmental, social, and operational costs of production, and ensuring the investments necessary to maintain the

ecological productivity of the forest.

Indicator

5.1.1 Investments and reinvestments shall be made in forest plantation management, including for forest plantation

administration, research, human resource development, protection, economic, conservation, environmental and social

aspects, consistent with the tenure of the forest plantation areas.


Annual operating and development budget, and expenditure

Annual Work Plan / Annual Harvesting Plan


Indicator

5.1.2 Provisions and management are made to maintain, restore or enhance the productive capacity and ecological functions of

the forest plantation areas to ensure its economic viability.


Annual Work Plan / Annual Harvesting Plan


Records of permanent sample plots and data analyses

Records of planting, including non-timber forest resources

Criterion

5.2 Forest plantation management and marketing operations shall encourage the optimal use and local processing of the

forest’s diversity of products.

Indicator

5.2.1 Application of forest plantation management practices to encourage the optimal use of forest plantation resources.


Forest plantation resource inventories

List and quantity of timber extracted

List and quantity of non-timber forest products extracted, where applicable

17

Indicator

5.2.2 Application of marketing operations to encourage local processing and diversifying the mix of commercial products derived

from the forest plantation.


Quantity and percentage of locally processed timber and non-timber forest products exported

Quantity and percentage of timber and non-timber forest products processed locally

Criterion

5.3 Forest plantation management shall minimise waste associated with harvesting and on-site processing operations

and avoid damage to other forest resources.

Indicator

5.3.1 Availability and implementation of guidelines for reduced / low impact logging to minimise damage to other forest resources

and wastage.


Standard operating procedures for harvesting operations

Criterion

5.4 Forest plantation management shall strive to strengthen and diversify the local economy, avoiding dependence on a

single forest product.

Indicator

5.4.1 Application of forest plantation management strategy that encourages the production of a mix of commercial forest products

(timber and non-timber forest produce).


Report on diversification strategy in forest plantation development

Criterion

5.5 Forest plantation management operations shall recognise, maintain, and, where appropriate, enhance the value of

forest services and resources such as watersheds and fisheries.

Indicator

5.5.1 Availability and implementation of guidelines and / or procedures to identify and demarcate sensitive areas for the

protection of soil and water, watercourses and wetlands in forest plantation areas.


Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) report

Procedures to identify and

demarcate sensitive areas for the

protection of soil and water,

watercourses and wetlands

Sensitive areas in the forest

plantation identified, classified,

mapped and protected

Sabah


(EIA) Guidelines for Logging and

Forest Clearance Activities, 2002

Sabah Water Resources Enactment

1998 – Part VI (Catchment Planning

and Protection)




Sarawak

Procedures for Identifying and

Demarcating Sensitive Areas for the

Protection of Soil and Water, 1999




Indicator

5.5.2 Availability and implementation of forest plantation management guidelines, where appropriate, to maintain and / or

enhance the value of forest services and resources.


Annual Work Plan


Harvesting Plan

Sarawak

Annual Harvesting Plan


Tree Planting Plan

Criterion

5.6 The rate of harvest of forest products shall be on a sustainable basis.

Indicator

5.6.1 Rate of harvest shall be in accordance with the prescribed cutting cycle as in the Forest Plantation Management Plan.


Annual Work Plan


Harvesting Plan

Sarawak



18

Indicator

5.6.2 Records of quantity of timber and non-timber forest products harvested shall be maintained, taking cognisance of their

sustainability in the long term.


Records of measures taken to sustain the provision of non-timber forest products

Records of plantation timber and non-timber forest products and quantity harvested under license in the Forest Plantation

Management Unit

Principle

6

Environmental Impact

Forest plantation management shall conserve biological diversity and its associated values, water resources, soils

and unique and fragile ecosystems and landscapes, and, by so doing, maintain the ecological functions and the

integrity of the forest.

Criterion

6.1 Assessment of environmental impacts shall be completed – appropriate to the scale, intensity of forest plantation

management and the uniqueness of the affected resources – and adequately integrated into management systems.

Assessments shall include landscape level consideration as well as the impacts of on-site processing facilities.

Environmental impacts shall be assessed prior to commencement of forest plantation establishment.

Indicator

6.1.1 Assessment of environmental impacts are carried out, including landscape level considerations, as well as the impacts of on-

site processing facilities, appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest plantation management, prior to commencement of

forest plantation operations in forest plantation areas.







(EIA) report

Sabah


2002






(EIA) Guidelines for Forest Harvesting

(Logging) and Forest Plantation

Establishment, 2012

Agreement of Environmental

Conditions (AEC)


(EIA) report

Sarawak





Order, 1994


(EIA) report

Indicator

6.1.2 Assessment of environmental impacts are carried out, including the potential impacts on rare, threatened and endangered

species of flora and fauna, and the need for biological corridors in forest plantation areas, appropriate to the scale and

intensity of forest plantation management.







(EIA) report

Malaysia Plant Red List

Red list of Mammals for Peninsular

Malaysia


Sabah


2002






(EIA) Guidelines for Logging and

Forest Clearance Activities, 2002


(EIA) report


1997

Malaysia Plant Red List

Sarawak





Order, 1994


(EIA) report

Sarawak Plant Red List

19

Indicator

6.1.3 Forest plantation management plans shall incorporate measures to mitigate the environmental impacts identified in the

assessments.


Forest Plantation Management Plan with mitigation measures for all impacts identified in the Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) report

Criterion

6.2 Safeguards shall exist which protect rare, threatened and endangered species and their habitats (e.g. nesting, salt

licks and feeding areas).

Conservation zones and protection areas shall be established, appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest

plantation management and the uniqueness of the affected resources.

Hunting, fishing, trapping and collecting shall be controlled in accordance with applicable statutes and customary

laws.

Indicator

6.2.1 Availability and implementation of guidelines to identify and protect rare, threatened and endangered species of forest flora

and fauna, including features of special biological interest, such as seed trees, salt licks, nesting and feeding areas, in forest

plantation areas.


Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report


Guidelines for the identification and protection of rare, threatened and endangered species

Records of measures taken to address human-wildlife conflict

Indicator

6.2.2 Availability and implementation of management guidelines to establish representative conservation and protection areas, in

accordance with existing forest ecosystems, appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest plantation management.


Demarcation of the conservation

area


(EIA) Report


Guidelines for the establishment of

representative conservation and

protection areas

National Elephant Conservation

Action Plan

National Tiger Conservation Action

Plan, 2008-2020

Sabah


area


(EIA) Report




protection areas

Elephant Action Plan, 2012-2016

Orangutan Action Plan, 2012-2016

Rhinoceros Action Plan, 2012-2016

Sarawak


area


(EIA) Report




protection areas

Orangutan Strategic Action Plan:

Trans-boundary Biodiversity

Conservation Area

Indicator

6.2.3 Existence of cooperation between forest plantation managers, civil societies, research institutions, institutions of higher

learning and regulatory authorities in implementing conservation and management activities.


Collaborative projects

Records of meetings or collaboration

Indicator

6.2.4 Hunting, fishing and collecting activities shall be controlled and unauthorised activities prevented in forest plantation areas.


Measures to control hunting, fishing, trapping and collection

Measures to prevent unauthorised activities in forest plantation areas such as periodic patrolling of forest plantation areas

signage and regulation of access to planted areas

Records and / or reports of hunting, fishing and collecting forest products

Indicator

6.2.5 Forest plantation workers shall be aware of rare, threatened and endangered species of forest flora and fauna found in the

forest plantation areas. Such awareness shall be promoted among local communities.


Records of awareness activities such as briefings, posters and publications

20

Criterion

6.3 Ecological functions and values shall be maintained intact, enhanced, or restored, including:-

a) Forest regeneration and succession.

b) Genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.

c) Natural cycles that affect the productivity of the forest ecosystem.

(This Criterion shall apply only to areas/sites within the Forest Plantation Management Unit which are allocated for

conservation or natural forest management, in accordance with Principle 9 and Criterion 10.5)

Indicator

6.3.1 Availability and implementation of forest plantation management guidelines to demarcate and protect natural forests, and

measures to enhance natural regeneration, where necessary, in forest plantation areas.



Guidelines for the demarcation and

protection of natural forests

Panduan Aktiviti Tanaman Mengaya

(Pekeliling KPPSM Bil. 2/96) [Bab 9,

Manual Kerja Luar Sistem

Pengurusan Memilih (Selective

Management System), JPSM, 1997]

[Guidelines on Enrichment Planting

Activities]

Records of areas of natural forest

demarcated, mapped and protected

Sabah





demarcated, mapped, protected and

enhanced through appropriate

silvicultural practices

Sarawak





demarcated, mapped and protected

Records of restoration and

rehabilitation of degraded areas

Indicator

6.3.2 Availability and implementation of guidelines for the conservation of genetic, species and ecosystem diversity in the forest

plantation areas.



Guidelines for the conservation of genetic, species and ecosystem diversity

Indicator

6.3.3 Harvesting of forest plantation is designed taking into consideration the need for biological corridors and buffer zones for

wildlife.



Harvesting Plan

Criterion

6.4 Representative samples of existing ecosystems within the landscape shall be protected in their natural state and

recorded on maps, appropriate to the scale and intensity of operations and the uniqueness of the affected resources.

Indicator

6.4.1 Representative areas of existing forest ecosystems, appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest plantation operations,

identified and selected under 6.2.2, are demarcated, mapped and protected in their natural state.



Records, maps, demarcation and protection of such areas

Indicator

6.4.2 Implementation of appropriate protection and management activities for these areas.


Records of implementation

Indicator

6.4.3 Where the forest plantation is located adjacent to an environmentally sensitive area, adequate buffer zone shall be

established and maintained.



Map showing environmentally sensitive area

Sarawak



21

Criterion

6.5 Guidelines shall be prepared and implemented to: control erosion; minimise forest damage during plantation

establishment and harvesting, road construction, and all other mechanical disturbances; and protect water

resources.

Indicator

6.5.1 Availability and implementation of forest plantation establishment and harvesting procedures to protect the soil from

compaction by harvesting machinery and erosion during harvesting operations.


Standard operating procedures for forest plantation establishment


Indicator

6.5.2 Availability and implementation of guidelines for forest road lay-out and construction, including log landings and drainage

requirements.


Harvesting Plan

Standard operating procedures for forest plantation

establishment


Sarawak

Guidelines for forest road layout, construction and

maintenance

Harvesting Plan

Indicator

6.5.3 Availability and implementation of guidelines for conservation of buffer strips along streams and rivers.



Guidelines for conservation of buffer strips along streams and rivers such as Guidelines for Managing Biodiversity in the

Riparian Zones

Harvesting Plan

Criterion

6.6 Management systems shall promote the development and adoption of environmentally friendly non-chemical

methods of pest management and strive to avoid the use of chemical pesticides.

World Health Organization Type 1A and 1B and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides; pesticides that are persistent,

toxic or whose derivatives remain biologically active and accumulate in the food chain beyond their intended use; as

well as any pesticides banned by international agreement, shall be prohibited.

If chemicals are used, proper equipment and training shall be provided to minimise health and environmental risks.

Indicator

6.6.1 Availability and implementation of guidelines and / or procedures on the use of chemicals in forest plantation areas

approved by relevant regulatory authorities.


Guidelines and / or standard operating procedures on the use of chemicals in forest plantation operations in accordance

with the requirements of the following:

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000

List of chemicals used

Indicator

6.6.2 Forest plantation workers shall be aware of the procedures on the use of approved chemicals in forest plantation areas.


Training records

Criterion

6.7 Chemicals, containers, liquid and solid non-organic wastes, including fuel and oil, shall be disposed of in an

environmentally appropriate manner at off-site locations.

Indicator

6.7.1 Oil, fuel, tyres, containers, liquid and solid non-organic wastes, shall be disposed of in an environmentally appropriate and

legal manner.


Records of disposal of containers, liquid and solid non-organic wastes, including fuel and oil

Standard operating procedures on waste disposal of solid non-organic wastes

22

Criterion

6.8 Use of biological control agents shall be documented, monitored and strictly controlled in accordance with federal

laws and internationally accepted scientific protocols.

Use of genetically modified organisms shall be prohibited.

Indicator

6.8.1 Biological control agents shall be documented, monitored and controlled in accordance with relevant federal and state laws,

and internationally accepted protocols, if such agents are used.


Biosafety Act 2007

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000

Documentation and monitoring records of use of biological control agents, if applied

Criterion

6.9 The use of exotic species shall be carefully controlled and actively monitored to avoid adverse ecological impacts.

Indicator

6.9.1 Document, control and monitor the use of exotic species to avoid adverse ecological impacts.


Approval by relevant authorities for procurement of exotic species

List of exotic species used

Records of monitoring and control of exotic species

Criterion

6.10 Forest conversion to plantations or non-forest land uses shall not occur, except in circumstances where conversion:-

a) does not occur on high conservation value areas;

b) does not occur in ecological corridors and environmentally sensitive areas identified by the relevant authorities;

and

c) will enable clear, substantial, additional, secure, long-term benefits across the forest plantation management

unit.

Indicator

6.10.1 Conversion of forest area to forest plantations, consistent with the provisions of relevant federal and state legal frameworks

and policies, does not occur on high conservation value areas, and shall provide substantial, additional, secure and long term

benefits across the Forest Plantation Management Unit.

(This Indicator shall be complied with by plantations established in areas converted from natural forests after 1 January

2010)


Cost benefit analysis including social aspects

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report

Federal and state policies on forest plantation establishment


Indicator

6.10.2 Conversion of forest plantation areas to non-forest land uses, consistent with the provisions of relevant federal and state

legal frameworks and policies, shall entail a very limited portion of the Forest Plantation Management Unit, and provide

higher economic values as compared to its original use, in the overall context of the need for socio-economic development

of the country.


Cost benefit analysis including social aspects

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report

Records of conversion of forest plantation areas to non-forest land uses

23

Principle 7

Management Plan

A management plan – appropriate to the scale and intensity of the operations – shall be written, implemented, and

kept up to date. The long term objectives of management, and the means of achieving them, shall be clearly stated.

Criterion

7.1 The management plan and supporting documents shall provide:-

a) Management objectives.

b) Description of the forest resources to be managed, environmental limitations, land use and ownership status,

socio-economic conditions, and a profile of adjacent lands.

c) Description of silvicultural and / or other management system, based on the ecology of the forest in question

and information gathered through resource inventories.

d) Rationale for rate of annual harvest and species selection.

e) Provisions for monitoring of forest growth and dynamics.

f) Environmental safeguards based on environmental assessments.

g) Plans for the identification and protection of rare, threatened and endangered species.

h) Maps describing the forest resource base including protected areas, planned management activities and land

ownership.

d) Description and justification of harvesting techniques and equipment to be used.

Indicator

7.1.1 Implementation of forest plantation management plan.



Criterion

7.2 The management plan shall be periodically revised to incorporate the results of monitoring or new scientific and

technical information, as well as to respond to changing environmental, social and economic circumstances.

Indicator

7.2.1 Implementation of procedures to periodically revise the forest plantation management plan, incorporating the results of

monitoring or new scientific and technical information, the frequency of which shall be appropriate to the scale and intensity

of forest plantation management, so as to respond to changing environmental, social and economic circumstances.


Periodic review as prescribed in the Forest Plantation Management Plan

Revised Forest Plantation Management Plan Forest Plantation Management Plan

Indicator

7.2.2 Forest plantation managers shall be aware of new scientific and technical information pertinent to the management of the

planted area to be certified.


Records of new scientific and technical information pertinent to the management of the planted area to be certified

Criterion

7.3 Forest plantation workers shall receive adequate training and supervision to ensure proper implementation of the

management plan.

Indicator

7.3.1 Availability of facilities and programmes for training of forest plantation workers for proper implementation of the forest

plantation management plan.


List of training facilities and programmes conducted and / or attended

Indicator

7.3.2 Forest plantation workers shall be trained as to their respective roles in the implementation of the forest plantation

management plan.


Staff training records and certificates issued

24

Criterion

7.4 While respecting the confidentiality of information, forest plantation managers shall make publicly available a

summary of the primary elements of the management plan, including those listed in Criterion 7.1.

Indicator

7.4.1 A summary of the primary elements of the forest plantation management plan as prepared and implemented under

Indicator 7.1.1 shall be made publicly available.


Public Summary of the Forest Plantation Management Plan

Principle

8

Monitoring and Assessment

Monitoring shall be conducted – appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest management – to assess the

condition of the forest, yields of forest products, chain-of-custody, management activities and their social and

environmental impacts.

Criterion

8.1 The frequency and intensity of monitoring shall be determined by the scale and intensity of forest plantation

management operations as well as the relative complexity and fragility of the affected environment.

Monitoring procedures shall be consistent and replicable over time to allow comparison of results and assessment of

change.

Indicator

8.1.1 Forest plantation managers shall implement a comprehensive network of permanent sample plots, appropriate to the scale

and intensity of forest plantation management operations, to assess the health of the planted trees, forest ecosystem and

the forest environment, growing stock conditions and increment.


Details of permanent sample plots established in the forest plantation areas to be certified

Results of analysis of the periodic measurements

Records of periodic measurements

Indicator

8.1.2 Forest plantation managers shall identify and implement appropriate monitoring procedures, in accordance with the scale

and intensity of the forest plantation management operations, for assessing social, ecological, environmental and economic

impacts.


Auditing and monitoring reports

Environmental Management Plan

Inspection reports

Procedures to monitor social,

ecological, environmental and

economic impacts

Sabah


Condition (AEC)


Environmental Compliance Report

(ECR)

Inspection reports



economic impacts

Sarawak


Environmental Monitoring Report

(EMR)

Inspection reports



economic impacts

Indicator

8.1.3 Forest plantation managers shall undertake annual internal audit and management review of forest plantation management.


Report of annual internal audit of forest plantation management

Report of management review

Criterion

8.2 Forest plantation management shall include the research and data collection needed to monitor, at a minimum, the

following indicators:-

a) Yield of all forest products harvested.

b) Growth rates of the planted forest.

c) Composition and observed changes in the flora and fauna.

d) Environmental and social impacts of harvesting and other operations.

e) Costs and productivity of forest management.

25

Indicator

8.2.1 Forest plantation managers shall gather the relevant information, appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest plantation

management, needed to monitor the items (a) to (e) listed in Criterion 8.2.


Monitoring reports covering items (a) to (e)

Criterion

8.3 Documentation shall be provided by the forest manager to enable monitoring and certifying organisations to trace

each forest product from its origin, a process known as the “chain-of-custody”.

Indicator

8.3.1 Forest plantation managers shall provide relevant documents for identifying all forest products leaving the planted area to

be certified so that their origin could be easily determined.


Felling, extraction and transportation records

Removal passes / permits

Criterion

8.4 The results of monitoring shall be incorporated into the implementation and revision of the management plan.

Indicator

8.4.1 Forest plantation managers shall incorporate the results and findings of the monitoring activities into the implementation

and revision of the forest plantation management plan.


Relevant results of monitoring activities shall be incorporated into the revision of the Forest Plantation Management Plan

Criterion

8.5 While respecting the confidentiality of information, forest plantation managers shall make publicly available a

summary of the results of monitoring indicators, including those listed in Criterion 8.2.

Indicator

8.5.1 A summary of the results of monitoring indicators, including those listed in Criterion 8.2, shall be made publicly available.


Public summary of results of monitoring indicators

Principle

9

Maintenance of High Conservation Value (HCV)

Management activities in high conservation value areas shall maintain or enhance the attributes which define such

areas. Decisions regarding high conservation value areas shall always be considered in the context of a precautionary

approach.

Criterion

9.1 Assessment to determine the presence of the attributes consistent with High Conservation Value areas will be

completed, appropriate to scale and intensity of forest plantation management.

Indicator

9.1.1 Forest plantation managers shall conduct an assessment to identify High Conservation Value (HCV) areas in accordance with

relevant guidelines, appropriate to scale and intensity of management for forest plantation areas, and in consultation with

relevant stakeholders and experts.


Report on the assessment and maps showing HCV areas using guidelines, such as the High Conservation Value Forest

(HCVF) Toolkit for Malaysia

Criterion

9.2 The consultative portion of the certification process must place emphasis on the identified conservation attributes,

and options for the maintenance thereof.

Indicator

9.2.1 Forest plantation managers shall provide the assessors with a list of relevant stakeholders who have been consulted

regarding the HCV area.

26


Evidence of consultation / Records of the comments of the stakeholders

List of relevant stakeholders consulted regarding the HCV area

Indicator

9.2.2 Forest plantation managers shall demonstrate that forest plantation management protect areas of high conservation value

in forest plantation areas.


Incorporation of protected HCV areas into the Forest Plantation Management Plan

Criterion

9.3 The management plan shall include and implement specific measures that ensure the maintenance and / or

enhancement of the applicable conservation attributes consistent with the precautionary approach.

These measures shall be specifically included in the publicly available management plan summary.

Indicator

9.3.1 Measures to demarcate, maintain and / or enhance the HCV attributes are documented in the forest plantation management

plan and effectively implemented.


HCV areas are mapped and incorporated progressively into the Forest Plantation Management Plan and demarcated on

the ground, where appropriate

Management prescriptions to maintain and / or enhance HCV attributes, and reports on measures taken

Indicator

9.3.2 These measures shall be included in the forest plantation management plan summary made publicly available.


Summary of the Forest Plantation Management Plan with the HCV measures included made publicly available

Criterion

9.4 Annual monitoring shall be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the measures employed to maintain or enhance

the applicable conservation attributes.

Indicator

9.4.1 Forest plantation managers shall conduct, appropriate to scale and intensity of forest plantation management, annual

monitoring to assess the effectiveness of the measures in the management of the HCV area in forest plantation areas.


Monitoring procedures to assess the effectiveness of the measures in the management of the HCV area

Monitoring records

Indicator

9.4.2 Forest plantation managers shall incorporate the results and findings of the HCV monitoring activities into the

implementation and revision of the forest plantation management plan.


Relevant results and findings of HCV monitoring activities shall be incorporated into the revision of the Forest Plantation

Management Plan

27

Principle

10 Forest Plantation Development and Management

Forest plantation shall be planned, established and managed in accordance with Principles 1 – 9 and their associated

Criteria, and Principle 10 and its Criteria.

Criterion

10.1 The management objectives of the plantation, including natural forest conservation and restoration objectives, shall

be explicitly stated in the management plan, and clearly demonstrated in the implementation of the plan.

Indicator

10.1.1 Implementation of forest plantation management plan with clear management objectives, including natural forest

conservation and restoration objectives.


Annual Work Plan


Sabah

Annual Work Plan

Compliance Report


Sarawak



Criterion

10.2 The design and layout of plantations shall promote the protection, restoration and conservation of natural forests,

and not increase pressures on natural forests.

Wildlife corridors, streamside zones and a mosaic of stands of different ages and rotation periods, shall be used in

the layout of the plantation, consistent with the scale of the operation.

The scale and layout of plantation blocks shall be consistent with the patterns of forest stands found within the

natural landscape.

Indicator

10.2.1 Forest plantation design and layout shall promote the protection, restoration and conservation of natural forests.


Documentation and maps depicting areas managed and demarcated as natural forests in the forest plantation areas


Indicator

10.2.2 Forest plantation establishment shall, appropriate to the scale of the operation, follow natural landscape and take into

account the need for wildlife corridors, buffer strips for permanent streams and rivers, as well as a mosaic of stands of

different age classes.



Records and maps of planting patterns in the forest plantation areas

Records, maps, demarcation and protection of such areas

Criterion

10.3 Diversity in the composition of plantations is preferred, so as to enhance economic, ecological and social stability.

Such diversity may include the size and spatial distribution of management units within the landscape, number and

genetic composition of species, age classes and structures.

Indicator

10.3.1 Availability of information on planting stock and species planted in the forest plantation areas, taking cognisance that

diversity in composition of forest plantation is preferred, so as to enhance economic, ecological and social stability.


List of species planted in the forest plantation areas, including their origin

Indicator

10.3.2 Availability of documentation of the size and spatial distribution of the established forest plantation areas.


Extent of area planted by each species and by age classes

Maps depicting the spatial distribution of the planted species

28

Criterion

10.4 The selection of species for planting shall be based on their overall suitability for the site and their appropriateness

to the management objectives.

In order to enhance the conservation of biological diversity, native species are preferred over exotic species, other

than the already established and proven exotic species, in the establishment of plantations and the restoration of

degraded ecosystems.

Exotic species, which shall be used only when their performance is greater than that of native species, shall be

carefully monitored to detect unusual mortality, disease, or insect outbreaks and adverse ecological impacts.

Indicator

10.4.1 Availability of documentation of choice of species that match the site conditions and the management objectives of the

established forest plantation areas.


Records of soil and site survey

Documentation of growth characteristics, performance and management of the selected species for forest plantation

establishment

Indicator

10.4.2 Availability of justification and / or analysis of the comparative advantages / benefits of choosing exotic species over native

species in forest plantations establishment and / or restoration.


Results of comparative justification and / or analysis on the advantages / benefits of using exotic species over native

species found naturally in the planted areas for forest plantations establishment and / or restoration

Records of species trial, if any

Indicator

10.4.3 Assessment of forest plantations established with exotic species through monitoring of permanent sample plots to detect

unusual mortality, disease, or insect outbreaks and adverse ecological impacts.


Records of action taken to control the spread of invasive exotic species

Results of analysis of permanent sample plots

Records of monitoring of forest plantations established with exotic species

Criterion

10.5 A proportion of the overall forest plantation management area, appropriate to the scale of the plantation, shall be

managed so as to restore the site to a natural forest cover.

Indicator

10.5.1 Provision and measures, appropriate to the scale of the forest plantation, to manage part of the forest plantation areas as

natural forest.


Documentation and maps depicting areas managed as natural forest in the forest plantation areas

Management strategy, plans and programmes for monitoring progress in managing the natural forest

Criterion

10.6 Measures shall be taken to maintain or improve soil structure, fertility, and biological activity.

The techniques and rate of harvesting, road and trail construction and maintenance, and the choice of species shall

not result in long term soil degradation or adverse impacts on water quality, quantity or substantial deviation from

stream course drainage patterns.

Indicator

10.6.1 Application of appropriate site preparation and planting techniques, road and trail construction and maintenance, and the

selection of species for forest plantation areas that would not cause long term soil degradation or adverse impacts on water

quality and quantity or substantial deviation from stream course drainage patterns.



Guidelines for site preparation and planting techniques

Guidelines for forest road layout, construction and maintenance

29

Criterion

10.7 Measures shall be taken to prevent and minimise outbreaks of pests, diseases, fire and invasive plant introductions.

Integrated pest management shall form an essential part of the management plan, with primary reliance on

prevention and biological control methods rather than chemical pesticides and fertilisers.

Plantation management shall make every effort to move away from chemical pesticides and fertilisers, including

their use in nurseries.

The use of chemicals is also covered in Criteria 6.6 and 6.7.

Indicator

10.7.1 Availability and implementation of guidelines and / or procedures to control the outbreaks of pests, diseases and fire, as well

as invasive plant introductions, if any, for forest plantation areas.


Forest Fire Management Plan

Guidelines and / or standard operating procedures for pest control and disease management practices, including forest

hygiene practices and biological control methods

Procedures for preventing, monitoring and assessing invasive plant introductions

Indicator

10.7.2 Availability and implementation of fertilisation schedule for forest plantation areas, including the use of chemical pesticides

and biological agents such as plants and soil organisms that fix and store key elements and nutrients.


Records of application of fertilisers in forest plantation establishment and development, including their use in nurseries, as

well as use of chemical pesticides and biological agents

Standard operating procedures for the use of chemicals in forest plantation operations

Criterion

10.8 Appropriate to the scale and diversity of the operations, monitoring of plantations shall include regular assessment

of potential on-site and off-site ecological and social impacts, (e.g. natural regeneration, effects on water resources

and soil fertility, and impacts on local welfare and social well-being), in addition to those elements addressed in

Principles 8, 6 and 4.

No species shall be planted on a large scale until local trials and / or experience have shown that they are

ecologically well-adapted to the site, are not invasive, and do not have significant negative ecological impacts on

other ecosystems.

Special attention will be paid to social issues of land acquisition for plantations, especially the protection of local

rights of ownership, use or access as addressed in Principles 2 and 3.

Indicator

10.8.1 Availability and implementation of programmes, appropriate to the scale and diversity of the forest plantation operations, to

monitor the potential on-site and off-site ecological and social impacts of forest plantation establishment and development.


Annual Work Plan


(EIA) report

Environmental Management Plan

(EMP)

Sabah

Annual Work Plan


(EIA) report


Conditions (AEC)

Environmental Compliance Report

(ECR)

Sarawak



(EIA) report

Environmental Monitoring Report

(EMR)

Indicator

10.8.2 Availability of documentation of nursery and field trials, including provenance trials, of selected species for forest plantation

establishment.


Records of action taken to exclude unsuitable exotic species

Reports and analysis on nursery and field trials, including provenance trials, of the selected species used in forest

plantation establishment

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Definitions

For the purpose of the Standard, the definitions below apply.

Term Definition

Adat Accepted norms and customs that govern the lives of indigenous communities, which

include way of life, basic values, systems of belief, code of conduct, manners, conventions,

agricultural and cultural practices according to which indigenous societies are ordered.

[Source: MC&I(Natural Forest), 2012]

Biological control agents Living organisms used to eliminate or regulate the population of other living organisms.

[Source: http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/en_iucn__glossary_definitions.pdf - IUCN Definitions]

Biological diversity The variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial,

marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a

part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

[Source: Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992]

Chain of custody Process of handling of information on the origin of forest based products which allow the

organisation to make accurate and verifiable claims on the content of certified material.

[Source: PEFC ST 2002:2010 – Chain of Custody of Forest Based Products - Requirements]

Consensus General agreement characterised by the absence of sustained opposition to substantial

issues by any important part of the concerned interest and by a process that involves

seeking to take into account the views of all parties concerned and to reconcile any

conflicting arguments.

Note: Consensus need not imply unanimity

[Source: ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996 Standardisation and related activities – General vocabulary]

Criterion

(pl. Criteria)

A means of judging whether or not a Principle (of forest plantation stewardship) has been

fulfilled.

[Source: MC&I(Forest Plantations), 2008]

Customary rights May be understood as the access, control and use of land according to long-standing

principles, values, customs and traditions, including seasonal or cyclical use, which operate

outside the formal legal system. These rights are associated with traditional land

administration institutions and customary law that define how rights are ruled, allocated

and preserved.

[Source: UN-REDD programme, Legal Analysis of Cross-Cutting Issues for REDD+ Implementation:

Lessons learned from Mexico, Viet Nam and Zambia, 2013]

Ecosystem A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living

environment interacting as a functional unit.

[Source: Article 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992]

Environmentally

sensitive area

Areas that are of critical importance in terms of the goods, services and life-support systems

they provide such as water purification, pest control and erosion regulation. In addition,

they also refer to areas that harbour the wealth of the nation’s biodiversity.

[Source: Adapted from National Physical Plan-2, 2010]

Exotic species An introduced species not native or endemic to the area in question.

[Source: FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship, 2004]

http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/en_iucn__glossary_definitions.pdf

31

Term Definition

Forest Management Unit A forest management unit (FMU) is a clearly defined forest area, managed to a set of

explicit objectives and according to a long-term management plan.

[Source: Revised ITTO Criteria and Indicators for the Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests,

including Reporting Format. ITTO Policy Development Series No.15, 2005]

Forest plantation Forest or other wooded land of introduced species, and in some cases native species,

established through planting or seeding mainly for production of wood or non-wood

goods.

Note 1: Includes all stands of introduced species established for production of wood or

non-wood goods.

Note 2: May include areas of native species characterised by few species, intensive land

preparation (e.g. cultivation), straight tree lines and/or even-aged stands.

Note 3: Application of the definition requires consideration of national forestry terminology

and legal requirements.

[Source: PEFC ST 1003:2010 – Sustainable Forest Management - Requirements]

Forest Plantation

Management Unit

A forest plantation management unit (FPMU) is a clearly defined forest plantation area,

managed to a set of explicit objectives and according to a long-term forest plantation

management plan.


Free, prior and informed

consent

A decision-making process that does not involve coercion/undue influence/manipulation

(free), is made before activities are undertaken (prior), is founded upon a clear

understanding (informed), and involves granting or withholding consent (saying ‘yes’ or

‘no’) to an activity, programme or policy (consent).

In the FPIC process, consent is to be understood based on the definition of the term

“consensus”.

[Source: Adapted from the MC&I(Natural Forest), 2012]

Genetically modified

organisms (GMOs)

An organism, with the exception of human beings, in which the genetic material has been

altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination.

Within the terms of this definition:

(a) genetic modification occurs at least through the use of the following techniques:

(1) recombinant nucleic acid techniques involving the formation of new combinations

of genetic material by the insertion of nucleic acid molecules produced by

whatever means outside an organism, into any virus, bacterial plasmid or other

vector system and their incorporation into a host organism in which they do not

naturally occur but in which they are capable of continued propagation;

(2) techniques involving the direct introduction into an organism of heritable material

prepared outside the organism including micro-injection, macro-injection and

micro-encapsulation;

(3) cell fusion (including protoplast fusion) or hybridisation techniques where live cells

with new combinations of heritable genetic material are formed through the

fusion of two or more cells by means of methods that do not occur naturally.

(b) the techniques that are not considered to result in genetic modification, on condition

that they do not involve the use of recombinant nucleic acid molecules or genetically modified

organisms made by techniques/methods other than those excluded by (a):

(1) in vitro fertilisation,

32

Term Definition

(2) natural processes such as: conjugation, transduction, transformation,

(3) polyploidy induction.

[Source: EU Directive 2001/18/EC]

High Conservation Value An HCV is a biological, ecological, social or cultural value of outstanding significance or

critical importance. The six categories of HCVs are:

HCV 1: Species diversity

Concentrations of biological diversity including endemic species, and rare, threatened or

endangered species, that are significant at global, regional or national levels.

HCV 2: Landscape-level ecosystems and mosaics

Large landscape-level ecosystems and ecosystem mosaics that are significant at global,

regional or national levels, and that contain viable populations of the great majority of the

naturally occurring species in natural patterns of distribution and abundance.

HCV 3: Ecosystems and habitats

Rare, threatened, or endangered ecosystems, habitats or refugia.

HCV 4: Ecosystem services

Basic ecosystem services in critical situations, including protection of water catchments and

control of erosion of vulnerable soils and slopes.

HCV 5: Community needs

Sites and resources fundamental for satisfying the basic necessities of local communities or

indigenous peoples (for livelihoods, health, nutrition, water, etc...), identified through

engagement with these communities or indigenous peoples.

HCV 6: Cultural values

Sites, resources, habitats and landscapes of global or national cultural, archaeological or

historical significance, and/or of critical cultural, ecological, economic or religious/sacred

importance for the traditional cultures of local communities or indigenous peoples,

identified through engagement with these local communities or indigenous peoples.

[Source: HCV definitions as detailed in the FSC Standard version 5.0, 2012]

Indicator A qualitative, quantitative or descriptive attribute that, when periodically measured or

monitored, indicates the direction of change.

[Source: Revised ITTO Criteria and Indicators for the Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests,

including Reporting Format. ITTO Policy Development Series No.15, 2005]

Indigenous peoples Indigenous peoples in Malaysia refer to Aborigines in Peninsular Malaysia, and Natives in

Sabah and Sarawak.

Aborigines:

Aborigines in Peninsular Malaysia are indigenous peoples as defined in the Federal

Constitution Article 160(2), and the Aboriginal Peoples Act, 1954, Section 3.

Natives:

Natives in Sabah are indigenous peoples as defined in the Federal Constitution Article

161(A), Clause 6 and the Interpretation (Definition of Native) Ordinance, 1952.

Natives in Sarawak are indigenous peoples as defined in the Federal Constitution Article

161(A), Clauses 6 and 7 and the Schedule to the Interpretation Ordinance, 2005 (Cap. 61).


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Term Definition

Landscape A geographical mosaic composed of interacting ecosystems resulting from the influence of

geological, topographical, soil, climatic, biotic and human interactions in a given area.


Local communities Permanent or stable human communities who rely on the forest resources and ecosystems,

are having their own rules, cultural norms and expectations, are living in or adjacent to the

forest area, and are affected by the development and establishment of the forest plantation.


Native species A species, subspecies, or lower taxon, living within its natural range (past or present)

including the area which it can reach and occupy using natural dispersal out of its natural

range even if it is seldom found there.

[Source: IUCN, Assessment and Control of Biological Invasion Risks, 2006]

Natural cycles Nutrient and mineral cycling as a result of interactions between soils, water, plants, and

animals in forest environments that affect the ecological productivity of a given site.


Natural Forest Forest areas where many of the principal characteristics and key elements of native

ecosystems such as complexity, structure and diversity are present.


Non-timber forest

produce/products

Any product or service other than timber that is produced in forests. The products include

but are not limited to fruits and nuts, vegetables, fish and game, medicinal plants, resins,

essences and a range of barks and fibres such as bamboo, rattans, palms, grasses; and

services such as water and carbon.

Note: The term non-timber forest produce is used in Malaysian legislation.

[Source: Adapted from Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR),

http://www.cifor.org/publications/corporate/factSheet/NTFP.htm]

Precautionary approach The essence of the precautionary approach is given in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration,

which states: “Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of scientific

certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent

environmental degradation.”


Principle An essential rule or element of forest stewardship.

[Source: MC&I(Forest Plantation), 2008]

Rare, threatened or

endangered (RTE)

Species that are at risk of, undergoing or have undergone severe population decline.

Rare is scale dependent and includes species that are

Naturally rare, existing only at very low densities in undisturbed habitat, or

Rare because of human activities e.g. habitat destruction, overhunting, climate change

At the limit of their natural distribution (even if they are common elsewhere)

Threatened and endangered species can include species classified by IUCN as Vulnerable

(VU), Endangered (EN) and Critically Endangered (CR) at a global or regional level, or whose

trade is regulated under international agreements (e.g. CITES), as well as nationally

protected species.

[Source: Adapted from HCV Resource Network, Oct 2013. Common Guidance for the Identification of

High Conservation Values]

http://www.cifor.org/publications/corporate/factSheet/NTFP.htm

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Term Definition

Scale A measure of the extent to which a management activity or event affects an environmental

or social value or a management unit, in time or space. An activity with a small or low

spatial scale affects only a small proportion of the area each year, an activity with a small or

low temporal scale occurs only at long intervals.

[Source: Definitions adapted from FSC V 5 (2012) glossary]

Stakeholder Individuals and organizations with a legitimate interest in the goods and services provided

by a given forest plantation management unit (FPMU); and those with an interest in the

environmental and social effects of an FPMU’s activities, products and services. They

include: those individuals and organizations which exercise statutory environmental control

over the FPMU; local people; employees; investors and insurers; customers and consumers;

environmental interest and consumer groups and the general public.


Succession Progressive changes in species composition and forest community structure caused by

natural processes (non-human) over time.


Tenure Socially defined agreements held by individuals or groups, recognised by legal statutes or

customary practice, regarding the "bundle of rights and duties" of ownership, holding,

access and/or usage of a particular land unit or the associated resources there within (such

as individual trees, plant species, water, minerals etc).


Use rights Rights for the use of forest resources that can be defined by local custom, mutual

agreements, or prescribed by other entities holding access rights. These rights may restrict

the use of particular resources to specific levels of consumption or particular harvesting

techniques.

[Source: FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship, April 2004]

Verifier Data or information that enhances the specificity or the ease of assessment of an indicator.

Verifiers provide specific details that would indicate or reflect a desired condition of an

indicator. They add meaning, precision and usually also site-specificity to an indicator. They

may define the limits of a hypothetical zone from which recovery can still safely take place

(performance threshold/target). On the other hand, they may also be defined as procedures

needed to determine satisfaction of the conditions postulated in the indicator concerned

(means of verification).

[Source: The CIFOR Criteria and Indicators Generic Template. The Criteria & Indicators Toolbox Series 2,

1999]

Worker In the context of this document, worker includes both local and migrant (foreign) workers.

[Source: Adapted from MC&I(Forest Plantations), 2008]

http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/en_iucn__glossary_definitions.pdf

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Appendix 1: Members of the Standards Review Committee (SRC)

Region Stakeholder Group Member Alternate Member

Sabah

Social (Indigenous

Peoples)

Dr (H) Banabas Tapin

Kadazandusun Cultural Association

Native Chief Saniban Bin Amphila

United Sabah Dusun Association

Social (Workers’

Union)

Engrit Liaw

Sabah Timber Industry Employees

Union

Apolinar Tolentino

Building and Wood Workers’

International

Environmental

Omar Abdul Kadir

Malaysian Nature Society (Sabah

Branch)

Bernard Tai

WWF-Malaysia

Economic Raymond Chiew

Timber Association of Sabah

Edmund Gan

Sabah Timber Industries Association

Relevant

Government

Agencies

Musa Salleh

Sabah Forestry Department

Assoc. Prof. Dr Phua Mui How

School of International Forestry,

Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Sarawak

Social (Indigenous

Peoples)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ramy Bulan

Federation of Orang Ulu Associations

of Sarawak, Malaysia

Elbson Marajan Pengeran

Sarawak Dayak National Union

Social (Workers’

Union)

Fatimah Mohamad

Union of Forestry Employees Sarawak

Mohamad Jefrie Abdullah

Timber Industry Employees Union

Sarawak

Environmental

Dr. Melvin Gumal

Wildlife Conservation Society (Malaysia

Program)

Dr. Henry Chan

WWF-Malaysia

Economic Peter Ling Kwong Hung

Sarawak Timber Association

Nicholas Ting Kang Hwa

Sarawak Timber Association

Relevant

Government

Agencies

Ting Chek Hieng

Sarawak Forestry Corporation

Roslan b. Othman

Sarawak Forest Department

Peninsular

Malaysia

Social (Indigenous

Peoples)

Wak Ziah a/p Bak Sandin

Persatuan Orang Asli Perak

Jesrina Grewal

Human Rights Commission of Malaysia

(SUHAKAM)

Social (Workers’

Union)

Mohd Khalid Atan

Timber Employees Union Peninsular

Malaysia

Mohd Najid Shauqi Mohd Sahar

Malay Forest Officers Union, West

Malaysia

Environmental Balu Perumal

Malaysian Nature Society

Dr. Pan Khang Aun

WWF-Malaysia

Economic Goh Chee Yew

Malaysian Wood Industries Association

Low Ching Cheong

Timber Exporters Association Malaysia

Relevant

Government

Agencies

Dato’ Hj. Nor Akhirrudin Mahmud

Forestry Department Peninsular

Malaysia

Prof. Dato’ Dr. Wan Razali Wan

Mohd

Universiti Putra Malaysia

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