SEATTLE TILTH FARM WORKS CSA Examples. Sample CSA Boxes Sample CSA Boxes.
Making MUS work for climate vulnerable farmers through CSA ... · Making MUS work for climate...
Transcript of Making MUS work for climate vulnerable farmers through CSA ... · Making MUS work for climate...
MakingMUSworkforclimatevulnerablefarmersthroughCSAapproachandsustainitsoutcomes:Acasestudyofavillagefrom
Majhthana,Kaski,Nepal
KeshabThapa,PashupatiChaudhary,KiranBhatta,PunaBhaila,andDeoNChaudharyLocalInitiativesforBiodiversity,ResearchandDevelopment(LI-BIRD)
InternationalMUSWorkshop,Kathmandu,25-26Feb2016
Introduction• MUShasbeenproventobenefitsmallholderfarmersbyimprovingincomethroughincreasingcroppingintensityandmaximizingwateruseefficiency,andreducingwomen'sworkloadanddrudgery.(Pantetal.,2006{ResearchfromNepal})
• MUSenhancesfarmers'adaptivecapacitytowaterstressduetoclimatechangethroughpromotingeconomicanddomesticuseofwater.(Kauretal.,2010{ResearchfromEthiopia})
• PolicyprovisionissmoothforMUSresearchandpromotion
Introduction…• ScalingupMUSiscontingentupon(VanKoppenetal.,2014)
Ø People'sprioritiesandchoicesØ Publicfunding(usersandlocalstakeholdersincludinggovernment)
Ø SmartsubsidiesforthepoorØ BenefitwomenandenhancingtheirdecisionmakingcapacitiesØ Costrecoveryandinfrastructuresustainability
• Withthisbackdrop,wehavebeenassessing
Ø DoesMUScontributetoclimatesmartagriculturalsystem?Ø IfitqualifiesasaCSAtechnology,howitcanbescaledup
consideringthelocalandnationalvulnerabilitycontext?
Methods
• Analyzedclimaticdataandcommunityperceptiononclimatehazards• ReviewedMUSthroughCSAapproachbasedonliteraturesandexpertjudgement• Fieldobservationandcommunityconsultation• CasestudyatvillagelevelforMUSpackage
MUSAssessmentthroughCSAFramework
Where?
Results
Yearlyrainfallandtemperaturetrends(Kaski)
Comparisonofaveragerainfallofdecades
CommunityPerceptionLivelihoodResources(Capital) ImpactScore
(0=No;1=Low;2=Medium;3=High) Flood Landslide Wind Drought Hailstone Total
Natural Forest 1 2 1 0 0 6 WaterSource 0 1 0 2 0 5 GrazingLand 0 0 0 0 0 1 StapleCrops 1 1 2 2 2 9 Livestock 0 0 0 1 0 2
Physical Road 2 2 0 0 0 4 IrrigationSystem 2 2 0 2 0 6 School 0 0 0 1 0 1 Market/Haat 0 0 0 1 0 1 Houses 0 1 1 2 1 6 Comm.INST 0 0 0 1 0 1
Human HealthWorker 0 1 0 0 0 2 Teacher 0 1 0 0 0 2 SocialWorker 0 1 0 1 0 3
Social Women'sGroup 0 0 0 2 1 5 Cooperatives 0 1 0 0 0 2
Financial Banks 0 1 0 0 0 2 DailyWages 0 1 0 1 1 4
Total 6 15 4 16 5 -
MUSfromCSAapproachFoodSecurity:• Production:Cropping
systemintensification,yearroundvegetableproduction,increasedyieldofvegetables(radish,onion,chili,garlic,potato)
• Income:$200,$330peryearperhh
• Nutritionaldiversity:Productionofvegetables,increaseddiversity
Adaptation:• Increased
wateraccessbyimprovingstorage
• Increasedwateruseefficiency(usingwaterfordifferentpurposes)throughmicro-irrigation
Mitigation:• Notexplicit
dataorinformationavailable
GESI:• Timesaving(1.5
hours,2.5hoursperday;2hoursperdayduringdryseason)
• Consultationandjointdecisionmakingincreased
• Accesstomarket
MikhailandYoder,2008;Clementetal.,2015
Kauretal.,2010
PilotingMUSthroughCSAapproachinoursites
FinancingMechanismCommunitiesCash
24%
CommunitiesKind
Labor
VDC
7%
LI-BIRD 69%iDE Technical
supportindesign
MUS• Drinking• Irrigation
(efficienttechnologies)
• Vegetables• Market
Promotionoflocalseedssystem
ImprovemanagementofFYManditsuse(reduce
useofchemicalfertilizers)
Promotebio-pesticidesandreduceuseofpesticides
Considerrespondingweatheranduncertainties(hail,floods,
etc)
Minimizeunplanned
developmentchallenges(roads,etc)
Promotewater
conservationtechnologies(maximizingwateruseefficiency)
ICT
1.Designapackage
3.Formalizethecontractwiththegrassrootinstitution
2.Developafinancingmechanism
DiscussionandConclusion
• Fromthereviewofliteratures,wefoundthatMUShasimprovedyieldandincomethroughaccessingwateranditsefficientuse.Insomecases,increaseddiversityofvegetablewasobserved.
• MUSisGESIresponsive:MUShascontributedtoincreaseincomeofpoorfarmersandwomen.Contributiontosavingtimeisexplicit.
Discussion…• InNepalesecontext,MUScanbeaclimatesmartagriculturaltechnology.
• However,mitigationaspectofMUSisleastexplored/studies.AlthoughtheMUSdonotdirectlycontributetoGHGemission,therecanbeindirecteffects(suchaspromotionofchemicalfertilizersandpesticidesforcommercialvegetablecultivation).
• Inthechangedclimaticcontext(withmultiplehazards),thepromotionofMUSshouldalsobeplannedtoaddressotherclimatichazardstobuildcommunityresilience.
Recommendation(forscalingup/out)
• MUSdesignshouldbeinapackage(notinisolation)consideringmultipleclimaticandnon-climatichazardsofthevillageorterritory.
• AwellplannedfinancingmechanismensuressustainabilityofMUSpackage.Itshouldbediversifiedincludingmandatorycashand/orkindcontributionfromcommunities.CommunitiescannotalwaysthemselvesestablishMUSfromtheirownresources.
• Thegrass-rootinstitutions(suchasfarmer'sgroups,cooperatives,mothergroups,etc)shouldbeempoweredtofacilitategovernanceofMUSpackageforitssustainability.
Acknowledgement
• ClimateandDevelopmentKnowledgeNetwork(CDKN)• CGIARResearchProgramonClimateChange,AgricultureandFoodSecurity(CCAFS)
Furthercommunication:[email protected];[email protected]
ThankYou
SelectedReferences• Clement,F.,Pokhrel,P.,andSherpaTYC.(2015).Sustainabilityandreplicabilityofmulti-usewatersystems(MUS):studyforthemarketaccessandwatertechnologyforwomenproject.IWMI,IDE,SAPPROS,Samjhauta,andNTAG.
• vanKoppen,B.,Smits,S.,RumbaitisdelRio,C.andThomas,J.B.(2014)Scalingupmultipleusewaterservices:Accountabilityinthewatersector,Rugby,UK:PracticalActionPublishinghttp://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780448299.000
• Kaur,N.,Getnet,M.,Shimelis,B.,Tesfaye,Z.,Syoum,G.,andAtnafu,E.(2010).Assessingtheeffectivenessofplannedadaptationinterventionsinreducinglocallevelvulnerability.Rippleworkingpaper18.http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/6111.pdf
• Mikhail,M.,andYoderR.(2008).MultipleusewaterserviceimplementationinNepalandIndia:experienceandlessonsforscale-up.IDE,CPWF,andIWMI.
• Pant,D.Gautam,K.R.Shakya,S.D.Adhikari,D.L.(2006).Multipleuseschemes:Benefittosmallholders.Colombo,SriLanka:InternationalWaterManagementInstitute.48p.(workingPaper114).www.ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/91944/2/WOR114.pdf