Major Land Biomes Biome- complex of terrestrial communities that cover a large area; characterized...
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Transcript of Major Land Biomes Biome- complex of terrestrial communities that cover a large area; characterized...
• Biome- complex of terrestrial communities that cover a large area; characterized by soil, climate, plants, and animals
• Plants and animals vary by tolerance to temperature and precipitation
• 7 Major Biomes include: Rainforest, Tundra, Taiga, Temperate Forest, Desert, Savanna, Temperate Grassland
Rain Forest• Hot and Wet
– close to equator so warm temperatures year round
– Over 250 cm rain per year
Sloth
Jaguar
Tapir
Black Jaguar
Orchids
Boa constrictor
Toucan
Rain Forest• Most species of
plants & animals (species diversity)
• Soil lacks nutrients• Plants: broad leaved
evergreen trees, large woody vines, climbing plants, orchids, bromeliads
• Animals (photos)
Sloth
Jaguar
Tapir
Black Jaguar
Boa constrictor
Toucan
Rain Forest• Adaptations of Plants and Animals
- Plants grow in layers (canopy receives most light)- Shallow roots since soil is thin with poor nutrients- Many symbiotic relationships- Animals have camouflage to blend Ex: Insects
shaped like leaves- Some animals have bright colors
Ex: Poison arrow frogs are
poisonous
Savanna• Seasonal rainfall: 100-150 cm
per year• Warm year round• Frequent fires• Grasses, short trees, shrubs,
drought/fire resistant plants
Hyena
Aardvark
Storks
Giraffe
Lion
Savanna• Plants: Tall perennial grasses,
small trees and shrubs that are often drought-tolerant and fire-resistant
• Animals: (photos)
Hyena
Aardvark
Storks
Giraffe
Lion
Savanna• Adaptations of Plants and Animals
– Drought tolerant and fire resistant plants can retain water or survive the frequent fires of this biome
– Thorns to protect against predation– Animals migrate as necessary
Baobab Umbrella Thorn Acacia
Desert• Dry, less than 25 cm
of rain a year• Extreme changes in
temperature throughout the day– Extremely hot during
the day and cold at night
Desert big horned sheep
Mountain lion
Golden eagle Creosote bush
Mule deer
Kangaroo rat
Roadrunner
Desert• Plants with short
growth cycles that can retain water: cacti, succulents, creosote bush
• Animals with high tolerance to temperature changes
Desert big horned sheep
Mountain lion
Golden eagle Creosote bush
Mule deer
Kangaroo rat
Roadrunner
Desert• Adaptations of Plants and Animals
– Reptiles have thick, waterproof skin to hold in water– Cacti and other succulents have thick fleshy leaves
that can hold large amounts of water for a long time– Plants have a shallow root system– Animals are nocturnal (active at night) and in shade
or burrow during the day.– Animals are smaller and have large ears to help
dissipate heat
Temperate Grassland• Moderate precipitation:
25-75 cm per year• Hot summers & Cold
winters• Periodic fires
Pronghorn antelope
Polecat
CoyotesBison
Black-tailed prairie dog
sunflowers
Blazing stars Badgers
Temperate Grassland• Plants: lush grasses
and herbs, drought and fire-resistant plants
• Animals: manyherbivores and carnivorous predators (photos)
Pronghorn antelope
Polecat
CoyotesBison
Black-tailed prairie dog
sunflowers
Blazing stars Badgers
Temperate Grassland• Adaptations of Plants and Animals
– Drought and fire-resistant plants– Plants with long roots to allow for regrowth after fire
and animal grazing– Rich soil allows many lush grasses to grow and
makes this biome excellent for farming.– Animals live in herds for protection
Temperate Forest• Warm summer with cold,
moderate winters• Four distinct seasons• Year around rain:
200-350 cm per year
Bobcat
Turkey
Skunk
Raccoon
Black bear
Temperate Forest• Deciduous Trees- trees that lose
their leaves during the winter( also called broadleaf)– Ex: oak and maple
• Coniferous trees- trees that bear cones– Ex: pine
Maple
American BeechOak
Temperate Forest• Adaptations of Plants and Animals
– Deciduous trees lose their leaves when winter approaches to keep them from freezing.
– Some animals migrate or hibernate during the winter
– Some animals shed their winter coat during the summer
– Squirrels, chipmunks, and some jays store large supplies of food for winter when food is scarce.
Taiga• Also known as the boreal forest or
coniferous forest• Northern hemisphere• Long, cold winter, short summers• Moderate precipitation:
20-200 cm per year, mostly snow
Taiga• Plants: Needle leaf
coniferous trees, broad leaf deciduous trees, small berry bearing shrubs
• Animals: migratory animals and large herbivores (photos)
Spruce
Snowshoe hare
Moose
Lynx
Timber wolves
Taiga
• Adaptations of Plants and Animals– Waxy coating on conifers to retain water.– Animals such as bears hibernate during the
coldest months.
Tundra• Northern hemisphere• Characterized by
permafrost- permanently frozen snow
• Cold & windy • Little precipitation: 15-25 cm
per year (almost as little as desert)
Bearberry
Artic willow
Polar bear
Caribou
Artic fox
Tundra• Plants: small with short roots
because of permafrost, no trees
• Animals: Migratory animals or animals with high tolerances for harsh conditions
Snowy owl
Polar bear
Caribou
Artic fox
Tundra
• Adaptations of Plants and Animals– Animals such as the arctic fox have
white fur to camouflage themselves in the snow.
– Animals have small ears and thick coat to conserve heat
– Plants have adapted to grow with short roots because they cannot grow deep roots in the permafrost.
Yellow Tundra Flower
Lichen