BiomesBiomes

What is a Biome?What is a Biome?

Biome- A geographical area Biome- A geographical area that is characterized by the that is characterized by the climate, plants, and animals climate, plants, and animals of that areaof that area

Deciduous ForestDeciduous ForestDeciduous means ‘to fall off’Deciduous means ‘to fall off’

Trees conserve water in winter by Trees conserve water in winter by losing leaveslosing leaves

Georgia is a deciduous forest biomeGeorgia is a deciduous forest biome..

Have warmer winters, longer Have warmer winters, longer summers and more rainfall than taigasummers and more rainfall than taiga

Avg. rainfall 29.5-49 inchesAvg. rainfall 29.5-49 inches

Avg. temp. Summer 82F and Winter Avg. temp. Summer 82F and Winter 43 F43 F

Deciduous ForestDeciduous Forest

TaigaTaigaAlso known as coniferous forestAlso known as coniferous forest

Composed of Composed of conifersconifers, or trees that , or trees that produce produce seeds in conesseeds in cones

Cool summers and Cool summers and long cold winters long cold winters with snowwith snow

South of the TundraSouth of the Tundra

Avg. rainfall 14-29.5 inchesAvg. rainfall 14-29.5 inches

Avg. temp. Summer 57F and Winter 14FAvg. temp. Summer 57F and Winter 14F

TaigaTaiga

Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest

Most diverse biomeMost diverse biome

Warm, rainy climate year roundWarm, rainy climate year round

Found Found near the equatornear the equator

Avg. rainfall Avg. rainfall 157.5 inches!157.5 inches!

Avg. temp. Daytime Avg. temp. Daytime 93F93F and and Nighttime 68FNighttime 68F

Tropical RainforestTropical Rainforest

SavannaSavannaTropical grassland with Tropical grassland with scattered scattered clumps of trees and shrubsclumps of trees and shrubs

Includes animals such as elephants, Includes animals such as elephants, giraffes, zebra, lionsgiraffes, zebra, lions

Warm temperatures with wet seasons Warm temperatures with wet seasons and dry seasonsand dry seasons

Avg. rainfall 59 inchesAvg. rainfall 59 inches

Avg. temp. Summer 93F and Winter Avg. temp. Summer 93F and Winter 61F61F

SavannaSavanna

TundraTundra

Also known as the “cold desert”Also known as the “cold desert”

Treeless and dryTreeless and dry

Has permafrostHas permafrost

Avg. rainfall 12-20 inchesAvg. rainfall 12-20 inches

Avg. temp. Summer 53.6F and Avg. temp. Summer 53.6F and Winter -14FWinter -14F

TundraTundra

DesertDesertHot, dry region with less than 25 cm Hot, dry region with less than 25 cm of rain per yearof rain per year–Some may have cold winters and Some may have cold winters and

many have cold nightsmany have cold nights

Supports a variety of plants and Supports a variety of plants and animals that have adapted to the desertanimals that have adapted to the desert

Avg. rainfall less than 10 inchesAvg. rainfall less than 10 inches

Avg. temp. Summer 100F and Winter Avg. temp. Summer 100F and Winter 45F45F

DesertDesert

GrasslandGrasslandGrasses mixed with a few Grasses mixed with a few flowering plantsflowering plants

Support small seed eating Support small seed eating mammals and large herbivoresmammals and large herbivores

Avg. rainfall 10-29.5 inchesAvg. rainfall 10-29.5 inches

Avg. temp. Summer 86F and Avg. temp. Summer 86F and Winter 32FWinter 32F

GrasslandsGrasslands

Aquatic CommunitiesAquatic Communities

Marine EcosystemsMarine Ecosystems

Intertidal Zone- Intertidal Zone- The region between the The region between the highest tide line and the lowest tide line.highest tide line and the lowest tide line.

Neritic Zone- Neritic Zone- The region following the The region following the intertidal zone just above the continental intertidal zone just above the continental shelf. This is the most productive zone in shelf. This is the most productive zone in the ocean with lots of animal lifethe ocean with lots of animal life

Marine EcosystemsMarine Ecosystems

Oceanic Zone Oceanic Zone is the open ocean. It is the is the open ocean. It is the largest marine zone and makes up most of largest marine zone and makes up most of the world’s oceans.the world’s oceans.

Benthic Zone Benthic Zone is the sea floor which is the sea floor which extends horizontally from the neritic zone extends horizontally from the neritic zone through the open ocean.through the open ocean.

Intertidal ZoneIntertidal Zone

Neritic Zone

Oceanic ZoneOceanic Zone

Benthic ZoneBenthic Zone

Freshwater EcosystemsFreshwater Ecosystems

Freshwater EcosystemsFreshwater Ecosystems

Freshwater ecosystems Freshwater ecosystems can be found in can be found in the Earth’s the Earth’s ponds, lakes, streams, and ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers.rivers.

Freshwater EcosystemFreshwater Ecosystem

WetlandWetland- An ecosystem in which - An ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is near water either covers the soil or is near the soil’s surface for all or part of the the soil’s surface for all or part of the year. Wetlands include marshes and year. Wetlands include marshes and swamps.swamps.

–MarshMarsh-a treeless wetland-a treeless wetland

–SwampSwamp- a wetland with trees and - a wetland with trees and vinesvines

Freshwater EcosystemsFreshwater Ecosystems

Wetlands often form at estuariesWetlands often form at estuaries

–An An estuaryestuary is the place at the mouth is the place at the mouth of a river where fresh water and salt of a river where fresh water and salt water mixwater mix

How is a biome different from How is a biome different from an ecosystem?an ecosystem?

1.Biomes are made of many related 1.Biomes are made of many related ecosystems.ecosystems.

2.2.

South America and AfricaSouth America and Africa

3.3.

Plenty of rain and moderate temperatures.Plenty of rain and moderate temperatures.

4.4.

Shrubs and Deciduous treesShrubs and Deciduous trees

5.5.

In conesIn cones

6.6.

The evergreen conifers shade the forest The evergreen conifers shade the forest floor, but the deciduous trees of the floor, but the deciduous trees of the temperate forest allow light to reach the temperate forest allow light to reach the ground. ground.

7.7.

Coniferous forests get less rainfall than Coniferous forests get less rainfall than some other biomes.some other biomes.

8.8.

Most of the animals are found in the trees.Most of the animals are found in the trees.

9. 9.

The plants grow above the ground to get The plants grow above the ground to get sunlight sunlight which is lacking on the forest which is lacking on the forest floor.floor.

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Camouflage, hiding burrowsCamouflage, hiding burrows

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The savanna gets about twice as much The savanna gets about twice as much rainrain

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Escaping the heat and hiding from Escaping the heat and hiding from predatorspredators

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10 in10 in

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Growing close to the ground Growing close to the ground helps protect helps protect the plants from the cold and windthe plants from the cold and wind

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They are both They are both large herbivoreslarge herbivores

Section 1 Review Section 1 Review

1. Tundras, like deserts, receive little 1. Tundras, like deserts, receive little rainfall. rainfall.

Tundra is not hot like most deserts, so it is Tundra is not hot like most deserts, so it is a a “frozen desert”“frozen desert”

Temperate GrasslandTemperate Grassland

Abiotic factors- warm summers cold Abiotic factors- warm summers cold winterswinters

Type of producers- grass with scattered Type of producers- grass with scattered treestrees

Type of consumers- Type of consumers- – Herbivores- prairie dogs, bisons, Herbivores- prairie dogs, bisons, – Predators- coyotesPredators- coyotes

SavannaSavanna

Abiotic factors- constant warmth with Abiotic factors- constant warmth with seasonal rainsseasonal rains

Types of producers- scattered treesTypes of producers- scattered trees

Types of consumers- Types of consumers- – herbivores: elephants, giraffes, zebras, and herbivores: elephants, giraffes, zebras, and

wildebeestwildebeest– Predators:lionsPredators:lions

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Some plants have special roots to gather Some plants have special roots to gather rainfall before it evaporates. Many desert rainfall before it evaporates. Many desert plants can store water in their stems or plants can store water in their stems or rootsroots

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Alpine tundra- found at the tops of tall Alpine tundra- found at the tops of tall mountainsmountains

Polar tundra is found at or near the polesPolar tundra is found at or near the poles