Mainstreaming Environment and Poverty Reduction into National Development Process in Kosovo UNDP –...
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Transcript of Mainstreaming Environment and Poverty Reduction into National Development Process in Kosovo UNDP –...
Mainstreaming Environment and Poverty Reduction into National Development
Process in Kosovo
UNDP – UNEP POVERTY AND ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVEInception Workshop
9-10 November 2008 in Bratislava, Slovakia
Kosovo at glance
Total Population
Rural population
Urban population
Population density
Age distribution, total
0-14 years
15-64 years
65 and older
Total Kosovo Surface
2 126 708
55 %
45 %
195 p/km²
33 %
61 %
6 %
10.908 km²
Source: Statistical Office of Kosovo
Human Development Index (HDI) 2007
•HDI 0.745 at the bottom of Medium HDI Countries
•Bottom South Eastern Europe Countries
•99th HDI Ranking
•Main HD issues: income and health
Source: Kosovo HDR 2007
Economy
• The economic growth in the aftermath of the conflict was fairly favourable however post-conflict growth was not sustainable
• Between 2002-2007, the average real GDP growth was 1.5 % per year
• In 2007 GDP grew at 3.5%
• The GDP per capita in 2007 around €1250…
Environment
• Agricultural land 53 %
- 52 % arable
- 31 % pastures
• Forests 39 %
• No sewage water treatment facilities
• No dumping site meeting minimal EU standards
• Pollution from thermoelectric plants
Environment Issues and Concerns
• Quantity and quality of water
• Waste management
• Air pollution
• Land pollution
• Loss of biodiversity and deforestation
• Loss of agricultural land
• Poor spatial planning
Poverty Outlook
• 45 % poor (15 % extreme poverty)
• 42 % unemployment
• Low health and educational outcomes
• Caused by inability of economy to generate new jobs and low levels of economic growth
• More than 35,000 families, around 240,000 people receiving social assistance from the government budget
Source: World Bank, Poverty Assessment, 2007
Poverty Outlook
• Poverty in Kosovo is high but shallow
• On average larger households are poorer
• Households with female heads have higher poverty incidence
• The majority of poor people are living in rural areas
• The poverty risk is higher for the unemployed and low skilled
Poverty and Unemployment
• In 2006 unemployment rate estimated at 42% (around 4 times higher than EU average)
• Youth, women and less educated are disproportionably effected from unemployment
• Additional challenges: low participation rate, high entrance to labour market (30,000 new entrants/year)
• The current predicted growth is not expected to lead to a significant decrease in unemployment
Source: Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare
Environment and Poverty
• 26% of households lack tap water supply from public systems
• 39% are not connected to the public sewage/sanitation system
• 6 % have central heating
• 99% have access electricity
• In 2003, 70% of water samples from rural areas and only 8 % of urban areas were found to have bacteriological contamination
Source: Kosovo Mosaic 2006
Environment and Poverty
• Life expectancy is lowest in the region - 68 years
• The TB incidence rate per 100.000 in 2005 - 52 cases highest in Europe
• Highest level of infant mortality in Europe, with 35 cases in 1.000
• Maternal mortality in 2003 was estimated at 23 per thousand - one of the highest in Europe
Source: Second MDG Report 2006
Challenges for Environment and Poverty
• Limited Budget
• Implementation and enforcement of law
• Capacity building in this area – experts
• Lack of data on environmental parameters
• Lack of environmental monitoring programs
• Not eligible to GEF or Clean Development Mechanism
Mainstreaming Environment and Poverty
• Preparation of Kosovo Social Exclusion Agenda (Kosovo Parliament and UNDP)
• Drafting White Paper on social policies (Ministry Finance and Economy )- Identify and address the main issues
- Better targeting of social assistance scheme
• Resolution on MDG’s – annual reporting on achievements
• Three environmental laws have been declared and approved
• Four Administrative Guidance notes about environment have been signed and approved
Future steps
• Continuation of fulfillment of Kosovo Action Plan in Environment 2006-2010
• Network for air quality control
• Improve standards in mining and energy generation
• Promotion of reforestation
• Beautiful Kosovo
• Dragash Project