Main sources of air pollution and sectors for action on ... · Transport Agriculture Other incl....
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Main sources of air pollution and sectors for action on air pollution and climate change Markus Amann Program Director Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) First WHO Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health Geneva, October 30-Nov 1, 2018
Transcript of Main sources of air pollution and sectors for action on ... · Transport Agriculture Other incl....
Main sources of air pollution and sectors for action on air pollution and climate change Markus Amann Program Director Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
First WHO Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health Geneva, October 30-Nov 1, 2018
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Fossil fuels Othersources
Fossil fuels Othersources
Mill
ion
case
s of p
rem
atur
e de
aths
Sources:
Power generation Industry HouseholdsTransport Agriculture Other incl. natural
Ambient air pollution Household pollution
Sources of health impacts/exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2·5) – 2015, global estimate
IIASA calculations for the ‘The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate change’ (N. Watts et al., Lancet, 2018)
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Fossil fuels Othersources
Fossil fuels Othersources
Mill
ion
case
s of p
rem
atur
e de
aths
Sources:
Power generation Industry HouseholdsTransport Agriculture Other incl. natural
Ambient air pollution Household pollution
Cities alone cannot achieve clean air
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
µg/m
3PM
2.5
Origin
Diesel soot
Road dust, tyre wear, brakes
Fireworks, cremation, etc.
Trash burning, BBQ, smoking
Cookstoves
Small industries
High stacks power & industry
Sec. PM2.5: Agr. NH3 + SO2/NOx
Agricultural waste burning
Soils and vegetation
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20
40
60
80
100
120
140
µg/m
3PM
2.5
Origin
Diesel soot
Road dust, tyre wear, brakes
Fireworks, cremation, etc.
Trash burning, BBQ, smoking
Cookstoves
Small industries
High stacks power & industry
Sec. PM2.5: Agr. NH3 + SO2/NOx
Agricultural waste burning
Soils and vegetation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
µg/m
3PM
2.5
Origin
Diesel soot
Road dust, tyre wear, brakes
Fireworks, cremation, etc.
Trash burning, BBQ, smoking
Cookstoves
Small industries
High stacks power & industry
Sec. PM2.5: Agr. NH3 + SO2/NOx
Agricultural waste burning
Soils and vegetation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
µg/m
3PM
2.5
Origin
Diesel soot
Road dust, tyre wear, brakes
Fireworks, cremation, etc.
Trash burning, BBQ, smoking
Cookstoves
Small industries
High stacks power & industry
Sec. PM2.5: Agr. NH3 + SO2/NOx
Agricultural waste burning
Soils and vegetation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
µg/m
3PM
2.5
Origin
Diesel soot
Road dust, tyre wear, brakes
Fireworks, cremation, etc.
Trash burning, BBQ, smoking
Cookstoves
Small industries
High stacks power & industry
Sec. PM2.5: Agr. NH3 + SO2/NOx
Agricultural waste burning
Soils and vegetation
Indian standard
WHO guideline
Source: GAINS estimates, Amann et al., 2017 (Atmospheric Environment)
Contributions to PM2.5 in Delhi NCT 2015
In 2015, air quality standards were exceeded over large areas in Asia
Ambient PM2.5 in 2015
Source: IIASA, GAINS
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10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2030
PM
2.5
(µ
g/m
3)
WHO Guideline
WHO Interim Target 1
Already implemented measures • Vehicle emission standards • TSP(+SO2+NOx) controls at large plants
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2030
PM
2.5
(µ
g/m
3)
WHO Guideline
WHO Interim Target 1
Compliance with post-2015 legislation • SO2+NOx controls at stationary sources
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2030
PM
2.5
(µ
g/m
3)
WHO Guideline
WHO Interim Target 1Conventional PM controls - Asia-wide
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2030
PM
2.5
(µ
g/m
3)
WHO Guideline
WHO Interim Target 1‘Next-stage’ air quality measures • Fertilizer use, manure management • Open burning of waste and biomass • Forest fires, enhanced I&M of vehicles
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2030
PM
2.5
(µ
g/m
3)
WHO Guideline
WHO Interim Target 1
Development priority measures • Clean cooking fuels, renewable energy • Energy efficiency, waste management • Public transport and electric vehicles 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2030
PM
2.5
(µ
g/m
3)
WHO Guideline
WHO Interim Target 1
Further air quality improvements in Asia require a re-orientation of current policies
Mean population exposure to PM2.5
Conventional controls relative to 2030 baseline 0% 0% -8%
‘Next-stage’ measures relative to 2030 baseline 0% -29% -56%
Development priority measures relative to 2030 baseline
-19% -44% -72%
The 25 clean air measures have important co-benefits on climate
Climate forcers SDG
CO2 CH4 BC benefits
Current legislation relative to 2015 +16% +17% -24%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2030
PM
2.5
(µ
g/m
3)
WHO Guideline
WHO Interim Target 1
Mean population exposure to PM2.5
Conventional controls relative to 2030 baseline 0% 0% -8%
‘Next-stage’ measures relative to 2030 baseline 0% -29% -56%
Development priority measures relative to 2030 baseline
-19% -44% -72%
The 25 clean air measures have important co-benefits on SDGs
Climate forcers SDG
CO2 CH4 BC benefits
Current legislation relative to 2015 +16% +17% -24%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2015 2030
PM
2.5
(µ
g/m
3)
WHO Guideline
WHO Interim Target 1
Mean population exposure to PM2.5
Key messages
• Many air pollutants also affect temperature increase and climate change.
• Well-chosen portfolios of measures can deliver near-term health benefits while slowing down temperature increase.
• The UN Env/CCAC Asian Solutions Assessment identified 25 measures that can – provide clean air to 1 billion people in Asia, – reduce global temperature increase by ~0.3°C in 2050, and – contribute to numerous SDGs in the region.
• Effective action – must involve sectors that are not yet in the focus of air quality management
in many countries, and – needs to be embedded in development policies.
